Yowerengera kuwononga chilengedwe: njira, chitsanzo. Mawerengedwe a kupewa kuwononga chilengedwe

Kuwerengetsa Impact chilengedwe yopanga zina monga momwe milandu kapena misonkho pa kuipitsidwa, kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe, ndi ena ambiri ndi imodzi mwa njira zofunika kwambiri chuma kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha chilengedwe.

Mu Russia, kukhazikitsa njira iyi anakumana ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavuto zosiyanasiyana nkhawa malamulo a boma ndiponso dera othandiza. A vuto makamaka mu nkhani iyi ndi kuti aziwerenga kuwononga malo akapanda operekedwa ndi malamulo.

Kodi kuipa malamulo?

Pali mipata yambiri mu malamulo panopa:

• mawu amene mawerengedwe a anatsimikiza ndi kuwononga chilengedwe, kutsimikiza mokwanira kapena ayi kumatanthauza;
• tsiku adakali bwinobwino chikhalidwe cha kuwonongeka zachilengedwe m'munda malamulo;
• Iwo sakudziwika aliyense likuyandikira yeniyeni zamakono mmene mawerengedwe ayenera ikuchitika kuwononga chilengedwe;
• Palibe njira yomwe ikuchitika aziwerenga amenewa.

Ndi chiyani icho?

Ngakhale kuti kwambiri akuti "kuwononga chilengedwe" Ndilo lingaliro lofala mabuku chi sayansi, ndipo ngakhale kugwiritsidwa ntchito zochitika zina malamulo m'malamulo Russian lilibe mfundo kotsimikizika icho chiri ndi mmene ayenera kuchita masamu kuti kuwononga chilengedwe. Chibwenzi, mabuku asayansi yawamba njira imeneyi, malinga ndi zomwe zochita kuwononga chilengedwe kuwerengera anayambitsa ndi zotsatira za chilengedwe chifukwa cha zochita zosiyanasiyana za chuma lachibadwa ndi chilengedwe.

Pa nthawi, malamulo ntchito mawu monga "wochezeka", "kudziwa kuwononga chilengedwe" ndi zina zotero. Malinga ndi malamulo kuwononga chilengedwe - ndi kusintha zoipa chilengedwe chifukwa cha kuipitsidwa, choncho kudzitsitsa zinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe, ndipo zikutha m'mayiko zachilengedwe. Ndipotu tanthauzo izi si zinchito chifukwa kuti mawu akuti "wakuta gwero" ndi "kunyoza zinthu zachilengedwe zachilengedwe," akusowa malamulo ena aliwonse. Motero, sizingatheke kuti adziwe zimene ziyenera bwino ntchito njira kuwerengetsa kuwononga chilengedwe, ichi ndi chachikulu njakata.

Kodi izi masamu?

Malinga ndi malamulo "Pa Protection Environmental" limapereka njira ziwiri zoyambirira mmene kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe:

1. Malinga ndi ndalama zenizeni koyenera kuti kubwezeretsa zonse za boma kutanganidwa za chilengedwe, kutenga nkhani zomvetsa anapalamula, kuphatikizapo phindu otaika. Komanso, mawerengedwe a akhoza kuchitika mogwirizana ndi polojekiti reclamation, kapena ntchito ina kuchira.
2. Malinga ndi takisi kapena zatsopano kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mavuto zachilengedwe chilengedwe, monga kumatanthauza ndi ovomerezedwa ndi zimabwera zogwirizana ndi BOMA m'munda wa matupi zoteteza chilengedwe cha mphamvu wamkulu a sing'anga.

Mfundo yoyamba ndi bwino mwa kuchuluka kwa malamulo a mayikowo, kuphatikizapo komanso maganizo "kumawononga" ameneyo alipo mu Civil Code. Pa nthawi yomweyo malangizo chachiwiri yaitali uli ku munda wa malamulo utsogoleri, chifukwa, choyamba, zochokera njira muyezo kuwerengetsa mavuto onse. lamulo Federal chimagwirizanitsa kusiyana kotsimikizika pakati zopweteka chilengedwe, chifukwa chisokonezo chifukwa cha malamulo komanso kupweteka kwa nkhani malamulo litsatidwe.

Pamene chionongeko kulipidwa?

Mwa lamulo, kuwononga chilengedwe zachititsidwa chifukwa ena zachuma kapena ntchito ina iliyonse, tidzakwatulidwa wowirikiza malinga ndi matakisi ena, komanso anthu ena anagwiritsa ntchito njira kuwerengetsa kuwononga chilengedwe malamulo. Ngati njira imeneyi palibe, ndiye tanthauzo la malipiro adzakhala masamu mogwirizana ndi ndalama zenizeni koyenera kuti kubwezeretsedwa kwa boma wosweka za chilengedwe, kutenga nkhani zomvetsa tingati ndi imfa ya phindu.

Komabe, nkhani iyi akutiuza. 77, pamene Art. 78 limafotokoza kuti yosiyaniranapo mmene ayenera kukhala chipukuta misozi kumawononga zinalili m'munda wa zoteteza chilengedwe malamulo chisokonezo. Mu nkhani iyi, mawerengedwe a kupewa kuwononga chilengedwe ikuchitika mogwirizana ndi ndalama zenizeni koyenera kuti kubwezeretsedwa kwa boma wosweka za chilengedwe, kutenga nkhani zomvetsa tingati ndi imfa ya phindu, komanso mogwirizana ndi zimene ntchito ya remediation zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito zina kuchira. Ngati iwo kulibe, malipirowo adzakhalanso patakisi ndi njira kwa kudziwa kukula kwa malo ozungulira kuti kudziwa matupi wamkulu.

Choncho, ngati mavuto onse mu potsatira lamulo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yaikulu chindapusa kutengerapo, pamene vuto la kuphwanya malamulo mawerengedwe kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha kuipitsa mpweya kapena zochitika zina ikuchitika mogwirizana ndi ndalama zenizeni zofunika kubwezeretsa chilengedwe.

Kodi njira ntchito?

njira Advantageously zambiri zamakono pano muyezo njira kuti tipeze ndalama kuwononga chilengedwe, ntchito omwe mwina zimatsogolera zotsatira zosafunika kapena pachithunzichi. Ngakhale kudzudzula a njira, limene mawerengedwe a kupewa kuwononga zinthu zachilengedwe kapena zinthu zina, njira zonse mwamakono komanso chokhazikika pa mitengo mosavomerezeka.

Chimodzi mwa mayendedwe zofunika kwambiri kuwerengetsa kuwononga chilengedwe kukula angatchedwe mawerengedwe chimawononga kwa malo m'madzi. Dziwani kuti tsiku, ndi mawerengedwe a maganizo "kuwononga chilengedwe" ndi mfundo zothandiza kuwerengetsa kuwononga chilengedwe anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha zikalata apadera zolimbana ndi procedural.

njira zonse mwamakono ndi malo osiyanasiyana ntchito ndi cholinga kuwerengera kuwononga zosiyanasiyana zigawo zikuluzikulu zachilengedwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo pali njira zovuta mawerengedwe kuti ntchito poyerekezera ndi zinthu zenizeni. Dziwani chakuti akatswiri mobwerezabwereza maphunziro a njira wogwila zovuta kuti kudziwa kuwonongeka kale, kapena mawerengedwe a kupewa kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa cha chomwe atsimikiza kuti tsiku mapulogalamu kuwerengetsa kuwononga chilengedwe ndi osakwanira ndi malamulo panopa.

Kodi wakhala chosowa Kukwanilitsa?

Ndi zothandiza zitsanzo zochepa za chitetezo cha matupi madzi:

• molakwa masamu kuwononga chilengedwe chifukwa pakalibe chisokonezo aliyense wa malamulo panopa, kuyambira mu nkhani iyi pansi Art. 77 kufunika zochokera mitengo ndi njira;
• kuwonongeka molakwa masamu anachititsa kuti m'chilengedwe m'madzi ndi biota;
• molakwa anatsimikiza mavuto matupi a madzi monga gwero masoka, chifukwa iwo ali kasupe wa madzi, zosangalatsa zina ndi usodzi.

mapulogalamu amagwiritsa mphindi njira tanthauzo la kuwonongeka tidzakwatulidwa zochokera chipukuta misozi mfundo za kuwunika ndi zina ochimwilidwa kukula buku la ndalama zofunika kudziwa ngati zoipa ndi kuwonongedwa zina zimene zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira. Zikuphatikizapo ndalama zosiyanasiyana wofunikila chitukuko cha kamangidwe ndi kafukufuku zolembedwa ndi ndalama zimenezo ndi zofunika kuonetsetsa kuti athetse kuphwanya ndipo kenako ayambe chinthu makamaka kuchepetsa anati pamaso pa mtima wa kuyan'anila za.

Komabe, zinthu zalembedwa mu njira panopa zonena 6 Ndipotu, kwathunthu kwina mitunduyi ndi mawerengedwe. Chifukwa cha njira imeneyi ndiye muyezo zolimbana njira anayerekezera, zomwe mapeto zotsatira amene alibe ubale ndi zotsatira zenizeni zachilengedwe pano mu m'chilengedwe, komanso zigawo awo ndi chuma zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.

Cholakwika mawerengedwe a ndalama

Ndalama zofunika kuthetsa mavuto a kuwonongeka chosalungama m'gulu mavuto, chifukwa umboni panalibe ubale kwa kuwerengera cha zotsatira za chilengedwe akumvera. Kwenikweni, Dziwani zitsanzo zochepa ndi luso.

kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kumaliseche zinthu zoipa

Pankhaniyi, mawerengedwe a imagwiridwa malinga ndi makhalidwe awa:

• Unyinji wa zoipitsa panamveka kuti kumalo a ntchito;
• kukhudzana mphamvu ya zinthu izi kuti chinthu makamaka;
• ngozi kalasi ya zoipitsa choncho maganizo awo ndi maulendo 10 kuposa chapansipansi.

Kenako, mawerengedwe a zachilengedwe kuwonongeka kuipitsa ikuchitika pa maziko a chikhalidwe cha chinthu, chimene mtundu adzaupereka ndi yofunika kwambiri, ndipo malinga ndi ena magawo zina, monga seasonality, ndi zina zotero. D.

Pankhaniyi, mtengo wa chinthu makamaka anatsimikiza ndi kukhalapo mu izo wa zomera iliyonse yosowa Zachilengedwe mankhwala kapena a zinthu nkhani chitetezo chapadera.

Vuto chifukwa ngozi

Nthawi zambiri zoterezi zimachitika pamene chifukwa cholephera ena chilengedwe mabizinezi kwambiri moti zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zochita kupanga ndi organic, kuphatikizapo mankhwala mafuta, mankhwala ndi ena ambiri, umene angathe kulowa zimbudzi kapena ngalande madzi.

Pankhaniyi, njira kuwerengetsa kuwononga chilengedwe kupereka tanthauzo malinga ndi unyinji wa nkhani ejected chifukwa ngozi, ndi nthawi imene palibe miyeso kuthetsa kuipitsidwa akuwuka. Kachiwiri, njira amapereka mawerengedwe zina malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha chinthu amene zinawonongeka, mtundu wake ndi mtengo, komanso zifukwa zina.

kuwonongeka chifukwa cha kumaliseche a m'banja zimbudzi ziwiya zosiyanasiyana

Njira ya mawerengedwe a kupewa kuwononga chilengedwe ndi wachititsa kale zoipa kumafuna kudziŵa kumawononga malinga ndi buku la thanki yosungirako wofunikila mndandanda wa madzi banja kapena chotengera gulu, chiwerengero cha kukhala pa izo anthu pa chochitikacho ndipo nthawi anakhala mosalekeza chombocho ku malo magalimoto. zinthu zina ndi chimodzimodzi ngati mmene zimakhalira m'mbuyomu.

Vuto chifukwa cha kuipitsa kupanga zinyalala ndi mowa mu mawonekedwe a zinyalala

Amaonekera ndi dera chinthu chimene wakhala zakhudzana ndi zinyalala. Ngati chinthu ichi ndi mosungiramo, ndiye m'dera anatsimikiza ndi madzi, komanso pansi ndi gombe chinthu deta zakhudzana zinyalala. Onse a magawo ndinu yemweyo: mkhalidwe wa chinthu pambuyo akuvutika kuwonongeka, seasonality, mtundu ndi mtengo wa chinthu, koma anawonjezera kuti iwo akhale ndi digiri ya kuipitsidwa wa zinyalala malo, kapena zoipa zina zilizonse.

kuwonongeka chifukwa kumaliseche kapena kutaya katundu ndi kupanga zinyansi

Yowerengera kuwononga chilengedwe, chitsanzo chimene ife tiganizire pa nthawiyo, ikuchitika malinga ndi unyinji wa anasiya kumwa bulky zinyalala ndi kupanga. Komanso, kuwonongeka kuchita masamu malinga ndi chikhalidwe cha chinthu chifukwa cha zinawonongedwa kwa iye, komanso phindu lake ndi mtundu.

Vuto chifukwa cha ntchito zosiyanasiyana zokhudza kusintha malo a

Asayansi kuwononga chilengedwe ulimi, mu nkhani iyi chichitike chifukwa cha zolimba inaimitsidwa, amasulidwe yomwe ndi chotsatira chake cha migodi kapena kufufuza mchere, kuchititsa dredging kapena ntchito zina zokhudza kusintha kwa malo a, magombe, komanso kuphwanya mfundo za ntchito za gawolo popanda kupezeka chilolezo zikukhudza. Komanso, mawerengedwe a ikuchitika kukachitika kuti nyumba iliyonse zofunika anawonongedwa mu ngozi.

Ngati zinthu zimachitika kwa thupi madzi, mu nkhani iyi unyinji wa mankhwala anatsimikiza mogwirizana ndi pafupifupi kutalika, kuya ndipo m'lifupi kufalikira m'dera, komanso pakati ndi maziko osalimba. zinthu zina: mkhalidwe wa chinthu pambuyo asaipitsidwe, mtundu ndi mtengo wa chinthu, pamaso pa madzi mkulu kapena chigumula, seasonality.

Kuwonongeka chifukwa wakuta tsankho kapena wathunthu wa gwero zachilengedwe

mawerengedwe Izi ikuchitika ngati choipa panali chifukwa cha kuphwanya aliyense kayendesedwe ka ntchito gwero zachilengedwezi kapena ikuchitika, pakalibe zikalata zogwirizana, kulola kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu izi. Kupenda zimene ndalama zina mu mawerengedwe cha kuwonongeka zachilengedwe akhoza kuonetsetsa zofunika kubwezeretsa gwero komanso kuteteza wakuta yake. Mwachitsanzo, ngati gwero la madzi, mu nkhani iyi amafuna ndalama kawiri wa madzi amene mphatso'zi zinachotsedwa.

Komanso amaganizira mlingo wa kupereka, potsata mwachindunji kuchokera ku gwero ndiwe wa dera ena. Komanso, kuwerengetsa boma anasonyeza wa chinthu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka, mtundu wa chinthu, komanso chimene chiri pamwamba kapena mobisa.

Vuto chifukwa migodi

Kachiwiri, mawerengedwe a ikuchitika kukachitika kuti kuwonongeka chifukwa mu ndondomeko ya chuma kupanga kuphwanya zikhalidwe za malamulo panopa zokhudza ntchito ya gwero la chuma, kapena kusapezeka kwa zolembedwa wofunika kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito zake. Pankhaniyi kuwonongeka anatsimikiza malinga ndi kulemera kwa migodi, mtundu ndi mtengo wa chinthu komanso uliri chifukwa kuipitsidwa izi. Komanso yofuna ndi mawerengedwe a kupewa kuwononga chilengedwe, chitsanzo chimene ife tiganizire.