Kodi masoka achilengedwe? masoka achilengedwe ndipo gulu lawo

Natural tsoka - zodabwitsazi zowononga okhala mphamvu kwambiri, kuchititsa kuwonongeka ndithu ku gawo kumachitika. Pa mtundu wa ngoziyo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonongeka lalikulu. Atha kukhala: zivomezi, tsunami, kugumuka, chilala, kusefukira kwa madzi, Anthufe tikuvutika, mphepo ndi zambiri.

Gulu la masoka achilengedwe

Ngozi za chiyambi achilengedwe, kapena masoka achilengedwe mu Russia ndi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana m'kagulu motere:

1. zochitika Geological.
2. Nthenda anthu.
3. zochitika Hydrological.
4. matenda opatsirana a ziweto.
5. Geophysical chikuchitika.
6. Zotupa zomera tizirombo ndi matenda ulimi.
7. Moto wolusa.
8. M'madzi hydrological zochitika.
9. Nyengo ndi agro-nyengo zochitika:

• mphepo;
• mkuntho;
• squalls;
• Anthufe tikuvutika;
• ofukula vortices;
• frosts;
• mphepo yamkuntho;
• yamvumbi;
• kunagwa chipale chofewa;
• chilala;
• Mkuntho;
• fogs ndi T. d.

Mitundu yodziwika tsoka ndi ngozi ukulu ndi chiwerengero cha anthu amene amafa ndi kukula kuwonongeka, osati m'dera m'dera anawonongedwa.

Mwachitsanzo, ngakhale zivomezi aakulu amene anachitika mu madera akuluakulu lopanda anthu ochuluka, osati zokhudzana MASOKA kwambiri, mosiyana ndi zivomezi zina ofooka amene anachitika m'madera amene kuli anthu.

zivomezi

Ichi ndi choopsa masoka achilengedwe, ndi kukula kuwonongeka, komanso chiwerengero cha anthu amene. Komanso, mungadzitetezere ku mavuto amenewa ndi zovuta, popeza ngakhale kutenga nkhani yakuti seismologists ndi kuyesetsa zikuluzikulu, zivomezi zambiri mwadzidzidzi.

Izi masoka achilengedwe pafupipafupi ku Russia, kuposa zikuoneka pa koyamba. Ndipotu, theka la anthu apadziko lapansi amakhala m'madera seismically oopsa.

Monga anayeza ndi chivomezi?

seismographs chifukwa kulemba akatswiri mafunde ndi Phokoso pansi mbale. Modern zamakono amatha ngakhale inagwedezeka watopa, amene sakhoza anamvera.

Mu 1935, Charles Richter lonse zinalengedwa mwa zomwe inu mosavuta kuwerengetsa fanizirani mphamvu ya Phokoso mobisa. Ndipotu seismologist American angwiro Kutulukira Japanese wasayansi Wadati. Malinga 12 mfundo lonse, zivomezi agawidwa mu mphamvu yawo lero.

Kuneneratu ndi chitetezo

Pali mitundu itatu ya Mapa: ankachita masewera, ntchito kapena sayansi. Pali nthawi pamene anthu tcheru anapanga maulosi molondola kwambiri za zivomezi.

Waukulu chomwecho njira kuneneratu ngozi ya mtundu awa:

1. Chizindikiritso cha mabacteria seismically yogwira.
2. Kuphunzira kusintha zikuchokera mpweya omwe amabwera kuchokera mu kuya.
3. Kuphunzira pang'ono kusintha magawanidwe liwiro ndi nthawi ya inagwedezeka.
4. Kuphunzira malo mathirakiti malo ndi nthawi.
5. Studies ya maginito ndi madutsidwe magetsi a miyala.

Masoka achilengedwe kupewedwa zikomo cholinga miyezo chitetezo. Kukhala Akuluakulu abomawa okhazikika mu phunziro m'madera seismically koopsa mu Russia.

Kodi kuchita pa chivomezi?

Choyamba, tiyenera kukhala bata monga mantha akhoza zimawonjezera vutoli. Ngati ndinu panja, kuyesa kukhala kutali zikwangwani ndi zinthu mkulu-mfundo. Pa chiopsezo anthu amene anathawa m'nyumba kupeza malo ogona otetezeka. Ndipotu, ndi bwino kukhala m'nyumba, zimitsani zipangizo zamagetsi. Izo kutiletsa kulowa pamalo pamene chivomezi. Chotero masoka achilengedwe ungoyamba modzidzimutsa monga mapeto, komabe, pambuyo kugwedeza watha bwino kusiya pogona si kale kuposa pambuyo Mphindi 40.

madzi osefukira

Dzina "tsunami," amachokera ku mawu Japanese, kutanthauza "funde lalikulu inakokolola Bay." The tanthauzo sayansi tsoka ali motere - yoweyula yaitali iyi chikhalidwe zoopsa, akuwuka makamaka chifukwa cha kayendedwe mbale tectonic pansi pa nyanja.

Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti masoka achilengedwe ndipo chifukwa ambiri a chivomezi. madzi osefukira mafunde angafikire zotalika makilomita 150 mpaka 300. Mu nyanja, Phokoso amenewa ndi pafupifupi imperceptible. Koma pamene yoweyula ukufika osaya alumali, amakhala ndi pafupifupi kwasanduka chachikulu pakhoma avundulidwe. Mphamvu ya zinthu amachita lonse midzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ngati funde la udzaphwanya kumalo osaya kapena mitsinje, kumakhaladi ngakhale apamwamba. Mofananamo, kuwayeza chivomezi, pali lonse wapadera, zomwe zimatithandiza kuti mufotokozere mphamvu ya madzi.

• I - The madzi osefukira ndi ofooka kwambiri. yoweyula A pafupifupi imperceptible, pali mafunde n'zotsimikizira.
• II - Tsunami ofooka. Zimakhala kusefukira gombe mosabisa.
• III - The madzi osefukira mphamvu sing'anga. Izo zimabwerera ku gombe mosabisa, ndipo akhoza kutaya kuwala m'mphepete mwa bwalo.
• IV - A madzi osefukira amphamvu. Kwathunthu anasefukira gombe ndi kuwonongeka m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi nyumba zina. Chitaya kumtunda sitima zazikulu ndi mabwato ang'onoang'ono.
• V - amphamvu kwambiri madzi osefukira. m'madera onse m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi anasefukira ndipo kwambiri kuonongeka nyumba. Pagombe anaponyedwa ziwiya zazikulu ndi umawononga m'madera lamkati la nyanja. Ndi tsunami amphamvu kwambiri kuti nthawi zambiri anthu amene akhudzidwa anthu. tsoka zachilengedwe ndi zachilendo, ndi zikwi za anthu amakhudzidwa chaka.
• VI - The madzi osefukira zoopsa. Coast ndi m'madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja kwathunthu anadzikhuthula. Land ndi danga ndithu kumtunda gombe kwathunthu anasefukira. Umabweretsa ambiri akuvutika.

Kuneneratu ndi chitetezo

Pakati Hawaii, Honolulu, ndi wapadera madzi osefukira chenjezo utumiki. Mu gulu la deta kukonzedwa ndi 31 ya okwerera zivomerezi, komanso chojambulira wa okwerera oposa 50 mafunde n'zotsimikizira. Mwazina, bungwe aphunzira masoka zachilengedwe ndipo mwadzidzidzi. Kuneneratu zosayembekezereka ya utumiki tsunami mungathe pa oyambirira mu mphindi 15-20 pamaso ngozi. Choncho, uthenga ayenera opatsirana yomweyo kuti nthawi kukhwimitsa chitetezo zonse zofunikira.

Pofuna kuteteza ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, ayenera kukhala odekha, komanso pa nkhani ya zivomezi. Muyenera kutali zedi kuchokera Mzere nyanja komanso kuyesa kukwera m'mwamba ngati nkotheka. The owopsa - Ndi chinachake chimene anthu ambiri amakonda kukhala m'mphepete mwa nyanja pa madenga a nyumba zawo. Ndipotu mphamvu ya mafunde kungakhale nkowononga kwambiri kuti misozi ngakhale chinthu khola kwambiri popanda vuto. Tsunami - masoka achilengedwe, ndi woopsa kwambiri.

kuphulitsa mapiri

kuphulitsa mapiri yodziwika ndi njira chiphala, ndipo zimenezi zingachititse ngozi. Kungakhale utuluke chiphalaphala, chiphala, otentha matope utuluke, mitambo yotentha ndi zambiri.

Kuopsa kwambiri ndi chiphalaphala, amene ali osungunula thanthwe, usavutike kutentha kuposa madigiri 1000. Timadzi uyenda molunjika kuchokera ming'alu pansi kapena kungoti umayenda pa nsonga ya Chigwa ndi umayenda pang'onopang'ono phazi. Zotsatira za masoka achilengedwe chifukwa cha kuphulika chiphala, ndi loopsa kwambiri kwa anthu.

utuluke Chiphalachi komanso sizovuta loopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti zikuwoneka kuti misa ikuyenda m'malo pang'onopang'ono, m'pofunika kuganizira mfundo yakuti kutentha uwapangitsa mafunde mpweya otentha, zimenezi kufa, ngakhale patali kwambiri.

Kuneneratu ndi chitetezo

Zinachitikira ndi mchitidwe amati utuluke Chiphalachi tiyenera tikonze mothandizidwa ndi bomba ku ndege. Chifukwa cha zimenezi liwiro otaya otentha kubweza kwambiri.

Pakali pano, masoka achilengedwe ngati "kuphulika" kuletsedwa kuyamika toti yokumba zimene zingathe kutenga amatuluka otentha. Mwachilungamo njira ndi kumanga levees zozitetezera.

Komanso, pali vuto lina. Mawotchi mudslides kwenikweni zoopsa kwambiri chiphalaphala ndipo, malingana ndi kuwerengera, chiwerengero cha anthu amene akhudzidwa amene avutika kwa iwo maulendo angapo. Mfundo yakuti zigawo phulusa m'malo osakhazikika malo. Ngati phulusa la chiphala chamoto ndi impregnated ndi madzi, iwo amayamba akufanana ndi phala, amene angathe Wopanda ndi liwiro lalikulu ndi otsetsereka a. Kudziteteza ku matope izi umayenda zosatheka, monga iwo kanthu mwamsanga ndithu, ndipo ambiri a achoke alibe nthawi yokwanira. Chotero masoka achilengedwe mu Russia zambiri zimachitika Kamchatka, monga m'dera limeneli chiwerengero chapamwamba mapiri yogwira.

Kuyambira utuluke ofooka matope angatetezedwe ndi levees kapena mwapadera grooves. Mu ena midzi okhala Indonesia inafikira pa phazi la phiri, yokumba mapiri. Pa chodabwitsa achilengedwe amene agonjetsa ngozi atsamunda kwambiri scrambling pa hillocks awa, motero amapewa matope utuluke otentha.

Ngozi ina pa nthawi imene oundana kusungunula ku kuphulitsa mapiri, iwo apanga ndalama yaikulu madzi. Izi zikhoza zina kungachititse kuti madzi asefukire kwambiri. Choncho, ngozi ndi masoka imfayo mzake.

Monga chiphala oopsa mpweya. Iwo ali zosafunika wa okusayidi sulfure, sulfide wa hydrogen, ndi hydrochloric acid. osakanizidwa ndi kumapha anthu.

Chitetezo okha kuchokera ku mipweya amenewa ndi chigoba.

kugumuka

zinthuzo anapanga pamene zinangokhalako zokha (kapena nthawi zonse zimachitika, anthu) linaphwanya bata otsetsereka. Pa nthawi imene mphamvu ya thanthwe amakhala aang'ono kwambiri kuposa mphamvu yokoka, lonse misa lapansi mothamanga. Nthawi zina misa izi kuchepa mphamvu pa malo otsetsereka pafupifupi mosadziwa. Koma nthawi zina, liwiro lawo zimakhalanso mkulu ndipo akhoza kukhala wamkulu kuposa 100 Km / h.

Yaikulu zachilengedwe wa mtundu uwu akuti ndi zimene zinachitika mu 1911 mu Pamir mapiri Russia. A Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga chimphona anali amayamba ndi chivomezi. Ofufuza tsiku lino unayamba kupita pa makilomita kiyubiki 2.5 zakuthupi lotayirira. Iwo anali kwathunthu pfunde m'mudzi USA ndi anthu onse 54. Chotero mitundu zoopsa masoka kawirikawiri, osati Russia komanso m'mayiko ena ambiri.

Ngati ife kulankhula za chiwerengero cha akuvutika chifukwa cha Matope omwe ankakokoloka anawononga kowopsya anali masoka achilengedwe amene anachitika mu 1920 ku China. Mu njira yomweyo monga Pamirs, chodabwitsa chifukwa chakuti chivomezi chachikulu, zomwe zinachititsa kuti zinthu lotayirira chadzadza chigwa Kangxi midzi yake yonse ndi m'midzi. Malinga ndi ziwerengero kuyambirira, anapha anthu oposa 200,000.

Kuneneratu ndi chitetezo

Njira yokhayo chitetezo chenicheni kwa kugumuka chenjezo awo. Akatswiri - akatswiri ndi akatswiri a nthaka - apanga akonzedwa wapadera wa zodzitetezera cholinga kukonzekera anthu kuti zochitika zimenezi, komanso zimene ngozi, ngozi, masoka achilengedwe, etc ...

Koma mwatsoka, pamene ingayambe wayamba kale, njira iliyonse chitetezo sizithandiza. Malinga ndi maphunziro, chifukwa chachikulu cha kugumuka ndi madzi, kotero gawo loyamba la ntchito Kukwanilitsa ndi deta ndi zosangalatsa overabundance chinyezi.

Kuneneratu ngati zochitika zachilengedwe ndi zovuta, monga mu nkhani iyi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya sikumangotikhudza mapangidwe kugumuka, komanso m'mlengalenga. Masoka mtundu uwu kumachitika mwadzidzidzi ndi kukhala chifukwa cha chivomezi.

zigumukire

The zigumukire waukulu waphetsa anthu oposa 10,000 pa zaka khumi zapitazi. chakuti mlingo otaya akhoza zosiyanasiyana, kuyambira 25 mpaka 360 Km / h. Zigumukire ndi a mitundu itatu: lalikulu, sing'anga ndi yaing'ono. Large kuwononga chilichonse mu njira yake, midzi mosavuta unawonongedwa ndi zinthu zina. Avereji oopsa yekha kwa anthu n'kuwononga nyumba, iwo sangathe. zigumukire Small pafupifupi oopsa ndipo, mfundo, wosaoneka kwa anthu.

Kuneneratu ndi chitetezo

Monga mwa zinthu zina, udindo wofunika kwambiri kuteteza zodzitetezera. Akatswiri N'zosavuta kudziwa chigumukire otsetsereka ndi zambiri kasamalidwe tsoka Sikuti. Komanso, zigumukire pansi pa maulendo chimodzimodzi.

Pofuna kulosera za kuyandikira chigumukire mwatsatanetsatane anaphunzira mphepo malangizo mvula. Ngati chisanu wagwa 25 mamilimita wandiweyani, pali imabwera pang'ono za mwanjira imeneyi. Ngati kutalika 55 mm, n'zotheka ukuwonjezeka chigumukire. Ndipo mpukutu wa 100 millimeter wa chisanu atsopano amapezeka chigumukire patangotha maola ochepa.

Kuteteza tsoka chigumukire otsetsereka wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba akukhudzidwa zishango. Koma ngati sakanatha kusiya mchitidwe, anapanga kuukira malo otsetsereka ski. Izi chikwiyire converging ang'onoang'ono ndi zochepa woopsawo ndi kulemera.

Madzi osefukira ndi masoka achilengedwe - kusefukira kwa madzi

Pali mitundu iwiri ya madzi osefukira: mtsinje ndi nyanja. Pakali pano, zochitika zachilengedwe ndi kuopseza ¾ wa anthu padziko lapansi.

Ndi masoka zachilengedwe zotero zimene zinachitika mu nthawi kuchokera 1947 mpaka 1967, kupha anthu oposa 200,000. Kwa anthu a Russia funso limeneli lili lofunika kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, St. Petersburg chigumula poyera nthawi 245. Yaikulu ya izi zinachitika mu 1824, ndipo wakhala anafotokoza ndakatulo A. S. Pushkinym a "The Mkuwa pamahatchi". chakuti mzinda ili pansi pa zigwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndipo mwamsanga pamene madzi limatuluka 150 cm, madzi seepage akuyamba.

Kuneneratu ndi chitetezo

Natural tsoka - chigumula ndi kapewedwe ake amafuna kulemekeza ufulu wa ntchito m'dziko ndi chitukuko cha midzi anthu. Kusintha otaya mitsinje ndi kuteteza madera ozungulira, mungathe kuchepetsa vuto la kusefukira kwa madzi yochepa. Komanso akhoza kukulimbitsani akukhudzidwa damu, amene amateteza zonse kapena tsankho. Pofuna kukhazikitsa kusamala yaitali ya masoka achilengedwe, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa yokonza zonse ndi ulamuliro wa woyendera nthambi m'mphepete mwa nyanja.

Chinthu chachikulu udindo mphamvu ya kusefukira kwa madzi, ndi kuchuluka kwa mvula. Nayonso kufufuza zinthu morphological ndi kwachilengedwenso.

Pakali pano, Commission World pa Zochitika Emergency malangizo apadera yapangidwa vuto la kusefukira kwa madzi ndi madzi osefukira. Ife tione ofunika kwambiri.

1. Chigumula ayenera kukhala okonzeka mchenga ndi oyera bere, komanso kupereka kasupe wa mphamvu. Nkofunika M'sitolo pa madzi ndi chakudya kumwa. Kupha masoka achilengedwe a mtundu izi zingatenge ndithu nthawi yaitali.
2. Pa kusefukira kwa madzi ayenera kupewa malo otsika kunama, zomwe pamapeto pake akhoza anasefukira. Muyenera kusuntha ndi kusamala kwambiri. Ngati madzi pamwamba bondo, Mulimonsemo sanayende madera anasefukira. Unikani mphamvu ya otaya zowoneka zosatheka.
3. Chitatha chigumula si kofunika kudya zakudya zomwe akhala wodetsedwa ndi madzi madzi. Iwo akhoza kupezeka mabakiteriya. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi madzi akumwa, amene ayenera kukhala woledzera popanda cheke wabwinobwino.

Pamene yotani kusefukira kwa madzi, mphepo kapena kukakhala ndi madzi osefukira atengedwa chifukwa chakuti nyengo, komanso kayendedwe ka malo otsika kuthamanga (zowononga ndi mphepo yamphamvu). Kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe wa gombe Akuti, komanso madzi ndi n'komwe mogwirizana ndi boma la matebulo mafunde.

pomaliza

Kuwonjezera zochitika zachilengedwe, palinso moto (tsoka kapena monga chotsatira cha zochita za anthu), mphepo yamkuntho, mphepo yamkuntho mphepo, ndi owopsa kwambiri moyo wa munthu. Pofuna kuteteza ndi kudziteteza ku tsoka, muyenera bwino kutsatira malangizo onse a akatswiri ndi nthawi kukonzekera masoka zachilengedwe zotero.