N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kuphunzira zinthu zachilengedwe ndi kusunga zigawo za PC?

N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kuphunzira zinthu zachilengedwe (PC)? Yankho la funso limeneli waufupi: pofuna kupulumutsa chilengedwe. Nkhani imeneyi ili ndi kumasulira kwa Tsatanetsatane pa kodi mitundu ya ma PC, chifukwa chake kuli kofunika kudziwa ndi kusunga zinthu zachilengedwe zamitundu yonse.

Kodi dongosolo zachilengedwe?

Mawu "zovuta" njira Latin "kulankhulana mix". Mawu amenewa ntchito ndi sayansi zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo masoka. Natural kapena malo osiyanasiyana - ndi zochitika zilizonse zogwirizana zikuchitika m'chilengedwe. Sadadzipangire kudziwa PC malo, mfundo woyamba ndi okulira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuipidwa lachibadwa ankaona kuti nkhalango, steppe ndi malo nkhalango kumtunda, lonse Hrs chipolopolo.

Zisanu Gawo la PC

Natural zovuta ndi ma aliyense wa zinthu mu malo ena a mpumulo, miyala, nthaka, madzi ndi zinthu nyengo ku zamoyo zina. Lililonse PC ayenera zigwirizana likufotokoza zinthu zisanu zogwirizana: nyengo, nthaka, madzi, nyama ndi zomera. N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kuphunzira zinthu zachilengedwe, kwa zaka chisanadze sukulu? Kuti timvetse osati kuswa zikulumikizana kuti kuwonjezera kwa PC ndi. Taonani zitsanzo za chikoka tonse zigawo zikuluzikulu cha zovuta achilengedwe.

Nyengo - waukulu chigawo chimodzi cha PC zonal

mbali nyengo zimadalira malo linalake. Makamaka, m'dera lina ili equator, kutentha zochepa dzuwa afika. Anapanga PC kozizira m'chipululu kapena Titafika pamalo. Kwambiri insolation pa chosowa chinyezi kumabweretsa kukula kwa theka chipululu ndi chipululu.

Nyengo zimakhudza mapangidwe zina mtundu wa dothi. Mwachitsanzo, mu zigwa, pali nthawi ofunda ndi kuzizira kwa chaka. Dzuwa kutentha m'chilimwe ifika zokwanira, ndi chinyezi pang'ono. organic pang'onopang'ono amaola ndi mapangidwe humus - thunthu wakuda, amene amapereka mdima mithunzi ya nthaka kwambiri chonde - chernozem.

N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kuphunzira zinthu zachilengedwe? Chidziwitso cha zigawo PC kulola kumvetsa mmene nyengo ndi nthaka bwanji zikuchokera zomera ndi nyama. Choncho, steppes lolamuliridwa ndi udzu, mitengo ndi zitsamba kuti mvula osakwanira. Koma ngati kuchuluka kwa chinyezi akupitiriza kupululuka, ndipo ntchito za anthu akupita kuwonongedwa kwa nthaka, ndi chipululu akuyamba.

Mitundu ya zinthu zachilengedwe

PC amasiyana kukula. Choncho, dziwe laling'ono, kudula mu nkhalango kapena chigwa - ndi maofesi zachilengedwe udindo m'munsi. Pa m'madera ambiri m'mayiko pa kudziŵa mmene zone nyengo anapanga zinthu zachilengedwe Dziko Lapansi - zone achilengedwe (PZ). Zikuphatikizapo Titafika pamalo, nkhalango, steppes ndi zipululu. Kuwonjezera zazikulu PC zonal pali Transitional, amene kuphatikiza mbali ya kachitidwe zoyandikana achilengedwe. Kufalitsa wa PP mu zigwa amamvera latitudinal zonation.

Mu mapiri, pali PC ndi kusintha kutalika (okwera zone). Ngati mapiri pamwamba 5000 mamita ndi pafupi equator, ndi malamba zida Mwina amapanga kwa mabacteria 5 mpaka 7 (chinyontho ukapita nkhalango, Savannah, nkhalango wosanganiza, madambo phiri, m'zipululu pamiyala, kuwundana ndi chisanu).

Kodi masoka zovuta (Kupititsa)? Mbiri wina kwambiri mtundu - azonal PC. Kutalikirana m'maiko ndi nyanja zachilengedwe Kupititsa maofesi (PTC). A otsogolera mu mapangidwe a mtundu umenewu PC masewero lithogenic m'munsi (zimachititsa chilumbachi, nthaka, zikuchokera miyala).

PTC - olekanitsidwa mu malo a dongosolo popangidwa ndi zigawo zogwirizana: lapansi kutumphuka, mpweya, madzi, nyama ndi zomera. Large zachilengedwe maofesi - m'maiko, dziko ndi dera, zimachititsa chilumbachi, malire achilengedwe. Yaikulu komanso yofunika kwambiri PC - Hrs chivundikiro, kulumikiza lithosphere, mlengalenga hydrosphere ndi biosphere ngati amodzi umodzi.

N'chifukwa chiyani kuli kofunika kuphunzira zinthu zachilengedwe wa m'mphepete?

Kwa ma PC zonse, ngakhale udindo wotsikitsitsa, yodziwika ndi malamulo ambiri, monga wokhulupirika, ngati waphwanya chimodzi kumabweretsa chiwonongeko cha dongosolo lonse. Kuyang'ana pozungulira, penyani chikhalidwe cha dziko kwawo, pali zitsanzo zambiri kuti Mwachitsanzo komanso malamulo ena. Mu chikhalidwe kumachitika m'zinthu la zinthu ndiponso mphamvu. Nawo ndondomeko izi, zigawo zikuluzikulu za chilengedwe zopanda moyo, zomera, nyama ndi anthu.

Pamene akukonzekera mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito n'kofunika kuganizira zotsatira limene lingachititse. Choncho, pamaso pa erection maofesi zogona ndi mafakitale, asanayambe kumanga misewu, migodi imachitika Kafukufuku zachilengedwe. Akatswiri akuyesera kuti apeze momwe izi kapena kuti mtundu wa ntchito yaikulu chilengedwe. Chidziwitso cha zigawo PC, ubwenzi wawo kulola mopanda tsankho kwa chibadwa, kuti ulimbe mpaka kalekale m'mibadwo yanu.