Mfumukazi Elizabeth ya England 2: yonena, zithunzi

Mfumukazi Contemporary la England Elizabeth 2, amene yonena ikulongosola za moyo wa munthu, amene wakhala umboni Nthawi osiyana, ali pa mpando wachifumu kuyambira 1952. ulamuliro wake ndi Alevi mbiri British.

Banja ndi Childhood

April 21, 1926 anabadwa Mfumukazi tsogolo la England Elizabeth 2. Wambiri ya membala wa mafumu kulamulira N'zovuta kulingalira popanda pedigree ake. Mtsikanayo anali mwana wa Prince Albert, amene anaberekera mutu wa Duke, ndi mkazi wake Elizabeti Bowes-Lyon. Bambo a mwanayo anali mwana wa Mfumu George V.

Pamene mu 1936 mfumu anafa, wachifumu anadutsa cholowa kwa mwana wamkulu, Edward VIII (amalume wa Elizabeth). Komabe, iye analamulira miyezi ingapo. Malinga ndi malamulo a boma, iye ankayenera kuti akwatire munthu wa ofanana naye monga a m'banja lolemera. Koma mfumu anasankha zomangira mfundo ndi mkazi wosiyidwayo si mwa mabwalo achifumu - Bessie Simpson. Zinali choti anakwatiwapo kawiri, zakwiyitsa boma, limene anapereka kwa Edward kunyalanyaza. Iye kwenikweni antchito, natisunthitsa wachifumu mosayembekezera kwa mng'ono wake, anatenga korona dzina George VI.

reshuffle uyu anatenga khumi Elizabeth wolandira dziko lonse la Britain. Ngati George anabadwa mnyamata, udindo wa Panadutsa kwa iye, koma izo sizinachitike. Tsogolo Mfumukazi Elizabeth 2 monga mwana pa chidwi anthu monga nthumwi watsopano-m'badwo wa mafumu akulamulira a Windsor.

korona kalonga

yonena oyambirira a Mfumukazi ya England Elizabeth 2 mogwirizana ndi udindo wake monga wolemekezeka a York. Pamodzi ndi makolo awo, ankakhala Kensington. Mmodzi wa masewera chake chachikulu kuyambira ubwana wakhala kukwera kavalo. chizolowezi Izi Mfumukazi anali okhulupirika mnyamata. Pa nthawi yomweyo mtsikanayo anali ataphunzitsidwa uthunthu wonse wa sayansi. chidziwitso zikuluzikulu ndi lingaliro kuvomerezedwa kwa a Windsor mafumu, monga iwo kutchula zabwino zonse kuti ufumu akanapereka kwa boma. zofunika kwambiri mu maphunziro anali pa Elizabeth Zachidziwitso: Religion, Chilamulo ndi Art. The mwana anasonyeza chidwi zachilendo ku Chifulenchi, limene limalimbikitsa aphunzitsi.

Wambiri ya Elizabeth 2 anapanga kukhota lakuthwa pamene anakhala wolandira atate wake, mfumu. Pamodzi ndi makolo awo, anasamukira BUCKINGHAM Palace. Patatha zaka zitatu, nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itayamba, ndipo moyo osasamala inathera ndi volleys woyamba wa mfuti German pa dziko lapansi.

The United Kingdom anathandiza Poland ndipo pamodzi ndi amene angakuthandizeni waukulu France kulengeza nkhondo pa ulamuliro wa Hitler. Ngakhale kuti akuluakulu zochita ndale chinajambulidwa ndi boma ndi nyumba yamalamulo, banja lachifumu wasanduka chizindikiro chofunika kwambiri umodzi wa mtundu kutsogolo kwa kukula kuopseza Nazi. Elizabeth 2 Onyamata anakumana ndi kwambiri aakulu angakumane ndi malingaliro amene ankayenera kudutsamo onse anzawo ake.

Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World

Ngakhale kuti Hitler sanayese n'komwe kutumiza asilikali pansi ku British Isles, mpweya wake mphamvu imachitika mabomba zonse za m'mizinda British. Makamaka khama ndipo kawirikawiri anawazunza anali mu zaka zoyambirira za nkhondo, pamene wopambana Wehrmacht wotanganidwa pafupifupi onse a ku Ulaya. bambo Elizabeth anafika asilikali nthawi zonse. Kale mu 1940, m'malo mwa nthawi yoyamba analankhula muno kulankhula pagulu wopita kwa ana mu dziko.

Mu chikhalidwe ichi adakula Mfumukazi tsogolo la England Elizabeth 2. mwana Wambiri anayamba kudziulula chifanizo cha chi. Mu 1943 iye yoyamba kukaona asilikali, atakhala mu Grenadier Regiment. A miyezi pang'ono kugonja Germany, Elizabeth usilikali ndipo anakhala makaniko-woyendetsa ambulansi wothandiza mu mayunitsi adziteteze cha akazi. Mfumukazi analandira udindo wa mkulu, ndi lero ndi mfumu yogwira, ndiye mutu asilikali likugwirabe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Elizabeth - membala wotsiriza wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, sanasiyidwa pa penshioni nkhondo padziko lonse.

Ukwati ndi Philip

Ndi isanayambike dziko anabwerera ku ntchito zawo muyezo ndi Mfumukazi tsogolo la England Elizabeth 2. Mfumukazi Wambiri mu 1947 zinali zodzaza ndi banja Filippom Mauntbettenom.

Mu zoyambirira za m'ma XX European kulamulira mafumu onse zinali zogwirizana. Philip ndi mdzukulu wa Greek King George Ine, ndi membala wa banja Chidanishi achifumu ndi mbadwa ya British Mfumukazi Victoria. The angolowa kumene m'banja anakumana monga mwana 30s lapansi. Atakwatira Philip analandira udindo aulemu wa Duke wa Edinburgh. Ngakhale kuti iye anabadwa kumbuyo mu 1921, akali ku thanzi labwino ndi bwino kugwira ntchito yake dynastic. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwamuna Mfumukazi, anakhala ndi maganizo mwachizolowezi iye mutu wa Prince mkazi, ndi kukhala kalonga wa ku Edinburgh.

Philippe ndi Elizabeti anali ndi abale ake anayi: Charles, Anne, Andrew ndi Edward. Onse a iwo tsopano ali ndi ana ndi adzukulu, amene nawonso, kuimira lalikulu m'banja lachifumu la Great Britain. Charles, monga mwana wamkulu nakhala wolowa nyumba kwa mayi ake mu 1952, pamene iye anatenga mpando wachifumu, ndi kukhala choncho lero.

coronation

2 Koroleva Elizaveta anakwera wachifumu m'mikhalidwe zachilendo. Mu 1952, iye ndi mwamuna wake ku Kenya, pamene mzinda wa Great Britain, patchuthi. Ndi mu dziko lino zosowa, wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu adalandira uthenga wachisoni kwa imfa ya bambo ake George V, amene analamulira dziko kwa zaka sikisitini.

Panatenga miyezi kukonza coronation, amene adzakhala chizindikiro cha chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa mfumu yatsopano. Mwambo wapadera unachitikira pa malo chikhalidwe - Westminster Abbey. Elizabeth anakhala mfumukazi yatsopano 2. Pamene adakwera wachifumu achinyamata 25 wazaka wolamulira mu mbali akukumana maso a dziko m'lingaliro lenileni la mawu, chifukwa kanali koyamba pa chochitika umenewu ntchito kamera wailesi chochitika.

Zaka zoyambilira

British Koroleva Elizaveta 2 anayenda kwambiri unyamata wake. chizolowezi Izi sanatisiye mu masiku choyamba cha ulamuliro wake. Ndi inalowa mpando wachifumu wolamulira wa dziko anapita, gawo la madera Commonwealth British. Mu 50s ndipo 60s anayamba kale ntchito ufulu talente limati izi zimapezeka m'madera onse a dziko. Ambiri a iwo anali mu Africa. Komanso, kwa nthawi yoyamba mu mbiri ya mfumu British anapita Australia ndi ku New Zealand. munthu kunapezeka kuti Koroleva Elizaveta 2. The chidwi yonena za wolamulira superimposed pa udindo wake wapadera kuti anakopeka munthu ake dzikoli.

Musaiwale za Mfumukazi ndi zochitika mkati kudzikolakwathu. Aniza anakumana ndi akuluakulu a nyumba yamalamulo ndi kukambirana cholinga. Mu 1957, woyamba ndale kunabuka chipani bwino-phiko m'nyengo ya malo ake pa mpando wachifumu. Ndiye anali osafuna kusintha. Nduna Entoni Iden anatsanzika. Chifukwa chipani anali ndi limagwirira kuti chisankho cha mtsogoleri wawo, mfumukazi amayenera kutenga udindo mu manja awo.

Mapazi awo woyamba mu mphamvu ya Elizabeth zambiri anafunsira ndi lodziwika bwino Winston Churchill. Atakambirana ndi wandale lolemekezeka anaganiza akamufunsirire ndi candidacy wa Harold Macmillan, amene analandira. Iye anakhala 65th Nduna ya Great Britain kuyambira 1957 1964.

Relations ndi Commonwealth

Ngakhale unyamata wake, zinadziwika kuti tsogolo la Mfumukazi Elizabeth 2 kugwirizana okha ndi utumiki wa dziko lakwawo. Anakhala wolamulira pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene m'mayiko ena mphamvu ya Mafumu anali kale kusintha chinawononga kapena kukhala yekha kukongoletsa mafuta.

Mu UK zinali zosiyana. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XX, panali maufumu angapo, chinachake chofanana ndi matabwa ake boma. Mwachitsanzo, Germany, Russia ndi Austria-Hungary. M'mayiko onsewa mabungwe monarchical aboma ankaiphwasula pambuyo nkhondo wamagazi. UK kupewa izi.

Komabe, pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, zinaonekeratu kuti m'pofunika kusiya chikumbumtima lachifumu. Ngakhale pamene bambo Elizabeth George VI India ufulu wodzilamulira - ngale ya British Korona. Tsopano wolamulira wachinyamata anali kukhala chogwirizana kusiya mabwinja a m'mbuyomu lachifumu nyengo otsala.

chida chofunika kwambiri kukwaniritsa cholinga chimenechi chinali Commonwealth. zokambirana British wachita zonse pofuna kusonyeza kugwirizana ndi madera ake akale, kuwapatsa nsanja kuti ndiyankhule pa mawu ofanana. Makamaka mavuto ambiri anali m'dera Africa, komwe pambuyo kuchoka kwa boma la Britain anayamba ulimi ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni.

Elizabeti kale kwambiri za nthawi imene mumathera ubale dziko wake ndi Canada. Mpaka 1982, boma la Britain anali kulemera ena mwa kupanga zisankho mdziko lino. Pambuyo kukonza a dongosolo ndiyo kale, umene unali chinthu china kwa kusiyidwa wakale mfundo British za phukusi mu zochitika za madera monga poyamba. Komabe, Elizabeth ndi lero akanali mfumukazi mwadzina la Canada. Mu 1976, iye anali pa ufulu wa mfumu anatsegula Games Olympic ku Montreal. Patapita zaka zambiri, iye adzathandiza mwambo mu London. Kutsegula kwa Games Olympic chinachitika mu 2012.

Koma lamakono wa Commonwealth of Nations, ndi Elizabeth ndi lero amakhalabe mutu wa dongosolo, ngakhale mfundo zonse gulu ingathetsedwe popanda kutenga mbali yake, pamene Mfumukazi ndi ophiphiritsa chithunzi.

Vuto la banja lachifumu

Kwa zaka zambiri, moyo wapadera wa banja lachifumu, amene ali mutu wa Elizabeth, onse inamera zambiri nkhani zosasangalatsa kakasi. Mu 1979, zigawenga za Ira anaphedwa amalume wa Prince Filippa Luisa Mountbatten. Iye sanali kokha wachibale wa Mfumukazi, komanso anali States kwambiri, ngakhale pamene George VI, makamaka, anali Viceroy lotsiriza la India.

Mountbatten anali pa yatchi wake pamene kuphulitsa wailesi womwe bomba wooka zigawenga. Pamodzi ndi iye anaphedwa angapo achibale ake komanso ntchito pa bolodi mnyamata Irish. Tsiku lomwelo, kwakukulu chiwawa complementing kuukira awo m'bungwe asilikali a dziko la Britain chifukwa chimene anthu 18 anafa.

A angapo zaka zitatha izi tsoka wolowa yovuta kuti mpando wachifumu wa mwana Elizabeth Charles anakwatira Diana Spencer. Mfumukazi ya Wales anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu chifukwa cha chikondi ndi ntchito yolembedwa wake.

Banjalo ana awiri - William ndi Harry. Mwana wamkulu ndi akunyoza yotsatira mutu wa mfumu bambo ake. Komabe, banja la Charles ndi Diana analephera. Anagonana kovuta. Mu 90 oyambirira Prince anayamba chibwenzi ndi mkazi wina. Zimenezi zinali zosavomerezeka kwa Elizabeti, amene ankakhulupirira kuti zovuta munthu moyo angapo amatulutsa mthunzi pa banja lonse achifumu. Pa kanthu ake, Charles ndi Diana linatha mu 1996. Izi wafunsira manyazi yaikulu yadziko.

Mosakhalitsa anali zilakolako zimafa pansi monga mu 1997, Britain kunachitika uthenga ozunguza imfa Diana mwa ngozi ya galimoto Paris. Patapita zaka zingapo chochitika, zipsera Charlz anakwatira kachiwiri pa chibwenzi wake wakhala nthawi yaitali Camilla Parker Bowles. Ukwatiwo unachitika mu 2005, pamene ana ake ku ukwati wake woyamba anakulira ndipo ankakhala moyo paokha.

80th

Ngakhale zoipa ndi mavuto, nthawi kugwedeza BUCKINGHAM Palace, Elizabeth anali bwino ntchito yake yachifumu zaka zambirimbiri. Mfumu British anali kale komanso mutu wa Anglican Church, chimene chinapangidwa pa Reformation m'zaka XVI.

Mu masiku akale pakati pa Akatolika ndi Aprotestanti yaitali kusonkhezera nkhondo. M'nyengo latsopano ndi nthawi zakale reconciliatory msonkhano wa atsogoleri a mipingo iwiri - Papa ndi British Mfumukazi. John Paulo anafika ku London mu 1982. Iwo anakumana ndi Mfumukazi ya England yekha. Photos of anthu ambiri padziko lonse.

Ndiye kuthyoka Falklands nkhondo pakati pa Britain ndi Argentina. Mfumukazi sanatenge zochita aliyense ofunda zokhudzana ndi njira ndi njira. Komabe, nkhondo imeneyi sanathe kupatsira. mwana wamwamuna womaliza wa Elizabeth - Andrew - anatumikira mu British Army pankhondo ndipo anali membala wa oyendetsa ndege.

nkhondo itayamba chifukwa cha kusamvetsa katundu wa Islands Falkland, yomwe ili ku gombe la Argentina. Patapita zaka pafupifupi miyezi itatu UK nkhondo panyanja anapambana ndipo anapitiriza zilumba.

Elizabeth ndi Margaret Thatcher

Pamene Elizabeti sanatenge zosankha zokhudza nkhondo, katundu anagwa pa mapewa a otchuka akazi wina British - Margaret Thatcher. Iye anali mtsogoleri wa pa ndiwofatsa Party ndi nduna yaikulu ya dziko la 1981-1990. Pakuti mfundo kuyeza ndi osasunthika ankalandira dzina lakuti "Iron Lady." Choncho, zaka 80 tandem wamkazi, amene anali pa mutu wa boma la Britain.

Malinga ndi malamulo ndi miyambo, Nduna ya mlungu uliwonse kuchita msonkhano ntchito, omwe anali nawo Mfumukazi Elizabeth 2. UK ndi banja lake anakhalabe pa ubwenzi wolimba ndi Thatcher. Nthawi m'dziko lonselo anali mphekesera zoti pakati pa mtumiki awapatse mfumu anapanga kusiyana ofunika ndondomeko mkati ndi achilendo. Kukambirana zikukangalika akukokomeza atolankhani. Ngakhale, iye ndi Thatcher akuluakulu Elizabeth nthawi iliyonse anatsutsa zotere.

Pa nthawi yomweyo mu zaka 80 za anthu British alibe nthawi zovuta. Kwenikweni, chinali chifukwa cha zinthu zisaipe chikhalidwe. Chifukwa cha mfundo ndalama, anthu wamba ndi monetarism, amene anali waluso Thatcher, anayendayenda m'dziko limene latsala pang'ono mavuto azachuma. kukhwimitsa anali koyenera kusintha boma. Mfumukazi, chifukwa udindo wake monga ulamuliro, ndi kuchokera yoweyula zotsutsa boma.

Diamondi Ufulu wa Board

Mu 2012 anapita daimondi chisangalalo cha ulamuliro (zaka 60), amene anasonyeza Mfumukazi ya England. Photos zikondwelelo za dziko kugunda patsamba loyamba la nyuzipepala padziko lonse. Elizabeth anakhala wachiwiri pambuyo Mfumukazi Victoria, amene anatha moyo mpaka tsiku ili yaikulu.

The apogee ya phwandolo anali perete ngalawa mazana angapo n'kutsika Thames ku London. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, ndi yaikulu mu mbiri ya njira madzi. June 4 pa makoma a BUCKINGHAM Palace kunalinso kuimba. Mfumukazi congratulate ngati lodziwika bwino oimba British Paulo McCartney, Elton Dzhon ndi ena.

chaka pamaso, ndi yonena za Elizabeth 2 ndi lonse m'banja lachifumu zinali zodzaza ndi chinthu china mosangalala. Iye anakwatira mkulu mdzukulu wa mkulu ndi wolandira William. mkazi wake anayamba Ketrin Middlton. Mu 2013, Elizabeth kachitatu anadzakhala agogo aakazi. William anali ndi mwana ndi wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu, George.

Modern udindo mfumukazi

yonena za Mfumukazi Elizabeth England lapadera 2 ndi chitsanzo cha moyo wa mfumu, umene patapita kunadetsa amasiya udindo wake poyamba ndi chithunzi anthu, pogwira ntchito womuimira. Today wolamulira akupitiriza kutsatira miyambo ya nthawi pa mpandowachifumu. Kamodzi pachaka bungwe Polankhula yamalamulo.

Mfumukazi nthaŵi zonse amakumana akazembe ndi nthumwi zamtendere. Mu zaka zam'mbuyo, iye ankakonda kupita ku ngodya ambiri osiyana a dziko, koma msinkhu, mphamvu ya maulendo anakana. Komabe, posachedwapa, mu 2011, Elizabeth anapita ku Ireland. Zinali ulendo wosaiwalika. Britain ndi anansi ake kumadzulo ku nkhondo kwa zaka zambiri. M'zaka za m'ma XX, kulimbana ufulu wa Irish (kuphatikizapo Northern Ireland) natenga maonekedwe uchigawenga, mboni amene anali Elizabeth yekha 2. England Komabe, kuthetsa mavuto ndi kugwirizananso ndi Dublin.

Kwa zaka zambiri Tinathera wachifumu wolamulira ali awo kalembedwe posamalira yamalamulo. Monga ulamuliro, iye ayesera kukhala kutali ndi mavuto ndale pakati pa zipani ndi mbali ya mapulogalamu osiyanasiyana.

Koma anali mwankhanzaku ndipo angaloŵe mfumukazi anali kuchita zinthu, pamene pali vuto mu nyumba ya malamulo. Mwachitsanzo, zimene zinachitika mu 1957 ndi 1963. Nthawi zonse, nduna ya kutsanzika, ndi bwino-phiko maphwando sanathe kusankha m'malo a. Ndiye mfumukazi amasankha wapampando wa nyumba ya malamulo. Nthawi iliyonse n'zotheka kuti apeputseko maganizo mu mpaka Street.

Today mu UK nzika iliyonse amadziwa zonse zimene chikugwirizana ndi Mfumukazi ya England Elizabeth 2. Wambiri, dzina lonse ndi mfundo zina za moyo wake ndi lodziwika bwino kwa onse. Iye anakwanitsa, ngakhale WOSAPANGANIKA wa nthawi yathu ino, kusunga ulamuliro wa Mafumu.