Mapiko "Eaglet": kufotokoza, ntchito, makhalidwe ntchito

Mapiko "Eaglet" - ndege ndi wapadera katundu. analenga kuyambira chiyambi cha lingaliro kutha anakakamizika ntchito - ndi chimodzi mwa zosaonekera chifukwa mwachinsinsi, koma masamba chidwi kwambiri mu mbiri ya luso.

N'chifukwa chiyani tsitsi

Chitukuko cha luso - kwenikweni ndi kulimbana kwa liwiro. Iwo usavutike ndi mpikisano, nthawi zambiri chiwawa, ndi kukakamiza okonza kufunafuna njira zatsopano ndi zina zosayembekezereka.

Liwiro mu limodzi la makhalidwe ofunika kwambiri zoyendera madzi, okha kupanda mphamvu injini ndi kukana hydrodynamic wa thupi, amene kumawonjezera ndi changu. Ndipo ngati vuto loyamba anali anathana ndi ntchito injini wamphamvu kwambiri, ndiye tichotse wachiwiri ukhoza kukhala kutuluka m'madzi. Choncho panali liwiro-maboti, hovercraft, kenako hydrofoil ndipo potsiriza tsitsi. Nzosadabwitsa kuti mlengi tsitsi "Eaglet" anali R. E. Alekseev, wotchuka Soviet mlengi wa hydrofoils.

Kuti luso angachititse pa liwilo pa malire a media awiri - madzi ndi mpweya - kunali koyenera kuti athetse mavuto ambiri luso.

Choyamba, kunali kofunika kuonetsetsa bata awo pa ndege pa kopitilira muyeso-otsika, mpaka mamita awiri, okwera. Chachiwiri, cholinga chinali imodzi otsika kulemera kwa kapangidwe ndi zimakhudza mphamvu yake ya Crest ya mafunde anali kuthamanga mpaka 400 Km / h.

Kachitatu, kunali kofunika kupeza chuma opepuka ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi madzi nyanja, ngakhale kuti chikhalidwe zipangizo shipbuilding ndi wolemera mlengalenga mwamsanga kuwononga. Wachinayi yaikulu anali kulenga kuwala, koma injini zamphamvu, samuopa akuwaza madzi amchere.

Mapiko "Eaglet" anali ndege imene kapangidwe timapezamo mfundo yothetsera zimenezi ndi zina, mavuto osati zochepa kwambiri.

Ogwiritsa mndandanda wa tsitsi

Ndege mmene anasonyeza (mpweya otaya anataya phiko pansi zimaonekera pankhope ya madzi kapena dziko ndi amenya mapiko, chotero kuwonjezera mphamvu Nyamulani) lakonzedwa Navy monga katundu ndegeyo njira.

Kuchokera lingaliro njira yoyamba chitsanzo zinali yaitali - oposa khumi.

Mayesero ndege yoyamba inayamba mu 1972 pa Volga. Ndiye ankafika mapiko "Eaglet" kunditumiza ku Nyanja ya Caspian, kumene flights mudakhala pa nyanja. Mayesero anatsimikizira kwambiri ndege ntchito khalidwe la zinthu latsopano.

Zitsanzo ziwiri zoyambirira ankafuna kukayezetsa ndipo pambuyo anatumizidwa kuti zimatayidwa ndi chimodzi - pambuyo ngozi. Atatu tsitsi siriyo chiwerengero C-21, C-25 ndi C-26, anamanga mu 1977, 1980 ndi 1983, analembedwa 11-TH osiyana ndege gulu lipoti mwachindunji kwa General Wogwila Naval Aviation, ndipo zinalembedwa mu 2007.

ndege awa akadakhala zambiri oyembekezeka yomanga makina wina 120. Ndiye manambala awo utachepa 24 ndipo pambuyo kusintha utsogoleri wa Utumiki Kumenyana ndi pulogalamu wakhala kwathunthu kutsekedwa.

M'chaka cha 2007 ku maziko mu Kaspiysk bwino anasunga mapiko ndi siriyo chiwerengero C-26 adaperekedwa kwa Moscow, anakhala chionetsero mu Museum wa yapamadzi, kenako anakwera owonetsera zakale payekha mu Khimki posungira.

Kapangidwe ndi cholinga tsitsi

"Orlenok" akhoza kusamutsa Asilikali mu kuchuluka kwa mazana awiri oyenda zida kapena awiri akuyandama magalimoto oti muli nazo zida (akasinja, BMP, BTR) kuti ngolo pa mtunda wa makilomita mazana khumi ndi asanu pa liwiro la 500 Km / h. Choncho mapiko A-90 "Orlenok" wokhoza vula pa msinkhu funde la mamita awiri, popanda kutaya bata, ndi kuwagonjetsa antilanding (migodi ndi maukonde) mwa chotchinga mpweya.

Kuweta mwatsatanetsatane ndi luso makhalidwe monga okwera pamwamba pa nsalu yotchinga kwa theka mita kuti meters khumi, ndi okwera pazipita 3000 m. The pazipita zofunika kulemera ndi matani 140, amene 20 kudawerengedwa kwa katundu.

Cacikulu kutalika kwa 58,1 m, kutalika kwa tinakwera ndi anaimitsa galimoto - 16 m, wingspan - 31,5 m, malo 304 sq.m katundu chipinda miyeso - 21 × 3,2 × 3 m.

Special mphamvu cholumikizira limakupatsani ingapendame uta lamanja la alumikizana ndi kanyumba adalira. Iwo amawapatsa limbikitsa pa amene mwamsanga desantiruyutsya ogwira ndi zida.

"Orlenok" akuimira nizkoplan ndi injini atatu, fuselage ndi bwato-mchira mu mawonekedwe a kalata "T". Nkhani yaikulu ya zomangamanga - AMG61 aloyi zitsulo zotayidwa ndi magnesium. Radiotransparent pamwamba yopangidwa ndi zisulo gulu. Kuchilango dzimbiri ❖ kuyanika wapadera ndipo amateteza electrochemical.

The fuselage ndi tsitsi galimotoyo

The fuselage ndi kapangidwe girder stringer mphamvu ali kanyumba ndi ena malo adalira (mtsogoleri, katswiri chachiwiri, kuyenda panyanja, makaniko, wailesi woyendetsa, chowombelera, zipangizo awiri), kudula ndi zipangizo zamagetsi ndi wailesi kulankhulana, m'chipinda cha wothandiza mphamvu wagawo ndi zina mayunitsi m'ndegemo malonda chipinda mayunitsi mooring.

Padenga la cockpit ndi kupulumuka zimaswa, ndipo pa mbali ya thupi pamwamba mapiko a - zitseko kwa anthu ogwira ntchito.

Pansi pa bwato udayesedwa dongosolo la kotenga ndi yopingasa redanov, akufalitsa uta wokwera ndekha, koma pafupi ndi likulu la misa - gidrolyzha chachiwiri.

The galimotoyo imakhala pakati ndi awiri mawiro desyatikolesnoy m'mphuno thandizo. Mu malo retracted, ndi galimotoyo gawo okutidwa gidrolyzhami. The galimotoyo, ski-kugwedera chipangizo ndi blower amalola kusuntha tsitsi malinga ndi malo alionse, ayezi ndi chipale chofewa.

Phiko ndi mchira

Pakuti kukweza makina katundu pamwamba pa madzi si zofunika wingspan, komanso kamangidwe kake kuuluka bwino potsatira njira ndi njira yaikulu kuukira, otsika elongation ndi kusesa 15 °. Zoyandama pa malekezero a zinthu ngati planing ndi zolinga kuuluka bwino potsatira njira. Imakupiza, ailerons ndi kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke kusintha malo kuyambira pa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti Jets mpweya kuchokera injini ndege kuyambira kugwa pansi phiko kuti abuluke pa iwo sangakhoze, ndipo chifukwa chawo chinakula tsitsi kuthamanga "Orlenok" limatuluka kuchokera mmadzi.

Khamu mchira cholinga kusintha makhalidwe bata ndi controllability tsitsi. stabilizer Large ndi Quad zikepe amapereka ndege khola. Pa mchira umodzi, umene uli integrally ndi fuselage ndi, wokwera boosters, imene pa msinkhu wina angagwe splashes madzi pa zinthu zofunika ndi ndegeyo.

magetsi

Kuonetsetsa makhalidwe ntchito, makamaka, ndi ikuthamanga kwambiri, waukulu magetsi imakhala Motors atatu: amatisamalira turboprop, ndani 15 zikwi ndiyamphamvu ndi awiri kuyambira turbofan.
Motors sitata ndi zochepa moyo utumiki, aphatikizidwa yekha pa zinthu zofunika, nozzles awo makina kulola Jets mafuta mwachindunji pansi phiko pa zofunika amathamanga ndi cholinga yopingasa pa mathamangitsidwe kuti ikuthamanga kwambiri. mpweya awo intakes kupereka uta mtundu wa mawonekedwe ali kutsogolo kwa nyali cockpit kachiwiri kuti iwo sanamvetse kutsitsi madzi. Kuyamba injini kuyambira wothandiza mphamvu wagawo EA-6a.

Amatisamalira galimoto amayendetsa ndi zomangira kukoka ndi masamba anayi. awiri awo - mamita asanu.

Zida ndi zipangizo

Mapiko "Orlenok" dongosolo navigation ali okonzeka ndi "kusonyeza 'anaziika Rada; zodziwikiratu dongosolo ndege ulamuliro; dongosolo hayidiroliki poyendetsa ulamuliro kali ya phiko mechanization, ntchito gidrolyzh ndi galimotoyo, kulumikizidwa kasinthasintha wa fuselage ya; dongosolo magetsi ndege ndi mphamvu navigation, kulankhulana wailesi ndi zipangizo zamagetsi.

magetsi m'madzi navigation ndi Chalk nangula-towing ngati ngalawa aliyense.
Tsitsi waukulu mikono chiphatikizana mfuti unsembe "phompho" likungosonyeza 12,7 mm, amene yakwera mu ndi turret onsewo.

Ubwino tsitsi "Eaglet"

Poyerekeza ndi ofanana ndege payload ndi zofunika kulemera, mafuta ndi mmene m'munsi tsitsi ngati nkotheka kuuluka kwa nthawi yaitali pa okwera mkulu. mbali ina ya "Eaglet" Mwachangu zachuma amene yokwera mtengo ndege lalikulu, amene anachokera ku dziko ntchito madera akuluakulu, sizikusoweka.

Zolinga nkhondo, ndi sapambana ndege - chozemba Rada pa okwera otsika.

Poyerekeza ndi hydrofoils mu tsitsi laling'ono kwambiri adalira kukula ndi liwiro - nthawi zambiri.

Safety ndi amphibious, lomwe limatanthauza ankafika mapiko "Eaglet", kupereka ikamatera ndi zinthu kwambiri nyanja, komanso madzi osaya ndi ayezi pa nthaka cha kapangidwe iliyonse.

Maneuverability, nthawi zosiyanasiyana, kusiyana pamwamba kutetezedwa pa liwiro otsika, lalikulu katundu mphamvu ndi kukana kulimbana kuwonongeka womuyenerera mbali yapadera galimoto.

Inde ntchitoyi anali ndi mwayi wapadera ndipo udali waukulu, koma ... maloto samabwera woona. Kodi mlandu, mtengo wa tsitsi "Eaglet" (kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma otsiriza adawomba Uwerenge rubles miliyoni zana zitatu kuti abweretse chitsanzo zatsopano chikhalidwe ndege), chachikulu kwambiri akalozera katundu mphamvu za boma kapena kusowa zipangizo zamakono zipangizo zamakono, koma ngakhale munthu wamba anakhalabe sinadzatengedwe ndi achibale, ngakhale pa zinthu zosangalatsa pa maziko ake.