Zingalowe kulowetsedwa: ikulongosola za njira, luso, unsembe ndi zipangizo

zipangizo gulu kuposa chaka ntchito zosiyanasiyana za makampani ndi kumanga. Zamgululi wa mtundu uwu kwambiri kusintha makhalidwe a chinthu m'munsi mwa luso, zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zomangira. Choncho nsanganizo amasiyana katundu ntchito kumatanthauza kupanga njira. Mawu oyamba mu kupanga ndondomeko ya zingalowe m'malo popanga zinthu luso Mwachitsanzo, amalola kupeza apamwamba mpweya. Komabe, mpaka posachedwapa, unakhalabe vuto kuthetsa owonjezera utomoni, pamaso pa zomwe amachititsa brittleness wa mankhwala. Kudzapeza katundu thupi zakuthupi ndi kuchotsa kulowetsedwa zingalowe utomoni ntchito, lomwe ngakhale sizitanthauza kuwonongedwa kwathunthu zinthu zoipa luso, koma sakulankhula kupatsa chomaliza mankhwala mulingo woyenera makhalidwe luso.

General mudziwe njira

njira tichipeza mu kupanga zingalowe mkati chipinda ntchito, imene pali impregnation wa ikuthandizira zakuthupi ndi Anabweza resins. Pamene ndi njira zina zamakono yopangira nsanganizo monga zingalowe akamaumba M'mimbamo adamulowetsa - zapangitsa kuti ntchito filimu wapadera ndondomeko thumba-bungwe. Mosiyana wamba kukhudzana njira akamaumba, zingalowe kulowetsedwa unsembe chikukhudza ndi kufa ndi excipient youma, amalola kubala fiberglass ndi okhutira osachepera inclusions porous ndi digiri apamwamba a zolimba. Kwa ena makasitomala n'kofunika onse anatsutsa njirayi. Kumafuna kuchepetsa yokulirapo ya umuna zinthu zoipa. Makamaka, kuchuluka kwa styrene yafupika, pamaso pa zomwe kawirikawiri chopinga ntchito mankhwala kumanga nyumba zogona.

luso ntchito

Choyamba onse okonzeka kufala chithunzithunzi zingalowe filler, amene angathe kuperekedwa ndi zinthu zapadera, ndi webs pamodzi. Ndiye zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo zigawo za luso, chifukwa chimene m'tsogolo ayenera kupereka ngakhale kufalitsa binder lapansi. Kenako pa phukusi luso imatumizidwa zingalowe, mwayi lotseguka aya njira mchikakamizo cha zingalowe kale yogwira limapezeka pa nthawi yomweyo nadzaza opanda filler ndi impregnation. Kuchuluka porosity zimadalira yozungulira kutentha, amene amachita zingalowe kulowetsedwa. Njira ya sayansi zinthu mafakitale amakhala pafupifupi pore 1-0.5% poyerekeza ndi kulemera okwana nkhani limapereka.

Zida kukhazikitsa wosatsogoleredwa kulowetsedwa

Maziko atakhala kulowetsedwa mutuluka pamwamba anati masanjidwewo. Ndi mtundu wa nsanja, ambiri kukula omwe mwina zizigwirizana ndi gulu ochiritsira ndi laminate mawonekedwe lalikulu, ndi malo a holo yopanga. Kwa khalidwe la chifukwa masanjidwewo gulu Chofunika obortovka, kumene chakudya khalidwe binder ndi zingalowe ntchito zimatengera. Mapangidwe underpressure mu dongosolo limafanana ndi mpope zingalowe kwa kulowetsedwa, njira imene yunifolomu kukanikiza consumables masanjidwewo nsanja. Mu mawu ena, amalenga suction zotsatira za zigawo zikuluzikulu binder.

Kugwila utomoni amagwiritsidwanso ntchito msampha wapadera, zomwe ndi chidebe womata. Izi amafotokozera zamakono amatenga utomoni owonjezera kwaiye pa impregnation nkhani ikuthandizira. Misampha ndi kuteteza mpope kwa ingress wa utomoni chomwecho. kulowetsedwa ntchito N'zosatheka zovekera apamwamba. Mbali imeneyi ya zomangamanga ndi chubu zovekera ndi gulu ntchito chakudya njira binder.

Fillers kwa masanjidwewo

Zipangizo ntchito kuyika mu chithunzithunzi m'munsi, amatchula zolimba zikutanthauza. Ndipotu, maziko a mankhwala m'tsogolo ndi mmene kwambiri kudziwa makhalidwe ake ntchito. Malinga ndi malangizo a ulimi zingakhale ugletkannye fillers, basalt nsalu zipangizo chimateteza, moto wambiri aramids ndi T. D. A gulu osiyana lili zipangizo zingalowe kulowetsedwa, amene kenako analandira fiberglass. Pamafunikanso fiberglass makolo steklorovingovye ukonde steklovuali ndi mphasa galasi CHIKWANGWANI. Kuyenera achuluke ndiponso nsalu pamodzi. Makamaka, ndi kaphatikizidwe katundu osiyana luso ndi thupi ndi otchuka Aramid Aramid carboxylic ndi basalt fillers.

zipangizo wothandiza

Gulu la zipangizo kokha ntchito kwa gulu la ndondomeko ya kulowetsedwa, ndipo sinalembedwe chomaliza mankhwala. Pa kutsiriza ntchito amenewa achotsedwa. Mbali yaikulu ya mtundu uwu ndi peel zimadutsa, amene anafuna kupanga yosalala mkati M'mimbamo wa preform imene imagwiritsidwa wosatsogoleredwa kulowetsedwa. zida nazonso kutetezedwa nsalu kuimirira resins izi. Ntchito zoteteza zakuthupi nsembe chifukwa cha matabwa ake kugonjetsedwa zinthu kunja ndi guluu wolimba osachepera. Komanso, mokakamizidwa kuchirikiza zinthu zikuphatikizapo mauna conductive anapangidwa kuti mosonyeza zapamadzi ndi utomoni m'munsi ikuthandizira. Pokonza masanjidwewo ndi ntchito zingalowe filimu. Iwo kusiyana ndi apamwamba kwamakokedwe modulus pafupifupi 400% ndipo timatha kupirira kutentha pamwamba 100 ° C.

binder

Pa binder ali ndi udindo wofunika Choncho, zofuna zake zapamwamba. Kuyenera kukhala chuma ndi kukhuthala otsika ndi pachimake exothermic, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo mkulu viability. Mankhwala lolingana magawo awa kuonetsetsa mayamwidwe mofulumira nkhani ikuthandizira ndi kusunga akadakwanitsira dongosolo opaleshoni. Chifukwa chaichi wapadera utomoni kulowetsedwa kudzera zomwe zingalowe impregnation angapereke zapansi kwa 10 mm wandiweyani. Mkulu viability n'kofunika makamaka mu ntchito ndi mankhwala lalikulu - khalidwe zimathandiza kumaliza ndondomeko pamaso pa isanayambike gelation.

Organization Kutengera binder

Organization ndondomeko ankachita kulowetsedwa ku ziwembu ziwiri: ndi annular ndi kufanana. Pankhani zakale, Kugawilidwa kwanthaka njira ikuchitika padziko kukafika kutsogolo kwa masanjidwewo ndi chakudya binder mfundo anakonza mu recess wa mphete kuyamwa. Chifukwa, kayendedwe ka utomoni anakonza mu malangizo ochokera pa mfundo yaikulu kwa wozungulira lapansi. Zimenezi zimathandiza kutayikira la otaya mpweya, kotero zingalowe kulowetsedwa lingafikire njira mu mphete.

Gulu la yogawa yomweyi binder ndi amanena Kusinthaku osiyana zingalowe njira ndi chakudya mfundo za utomoni wa. Pankhaniyi, kayendedwe ka utomoni lachokera ku phwando wina ndi mzake. The kuipa zolinga zawo amaika mpweya kutayikira pa kuwonetsera wozungulira, amene likuchotsedwa kutsatira mphete utomoni.

Zinthu kudziŵa khalidwe la mankhwala

Tichepetse kutenga khalidwe osauka chomaliza mankhwala zidzathandiza kulamulira magawo angapo a ndondomeko kupanga. Kwenikweni, kuphatikizapo wosatsogoleredwa kutayikira - chipolopolo zinthu sayenera mabowo kapena malo gapping kuti filler lapansi. Kenako, mbali utomoni udzayesedwa kukhuthala, amene ayenera kukhala apamwamba kuposa 600 mPa * m, mwinamwake ndondomeko adzakhala pang'onopang'ono ndi zambiri kulola mapangidwe voids. Zikudalira khalidwe la kuwerengetsera zigawo minofu. Siriyo zingalowe kulowetsedwa njira makamaka udzafunidwa zigawo kufalitsa nkhani mpweya. Kukhoza masovedwe popanda mbali m'goli kuwonjezera mwayi chotenga tizisamala dongosolo awo mkati mwa gulu la.

Pomaliza

zipangizo yokumba mwachangu m'malo miyambo zipangizo msika. Zimenezi chimakwirira zosiyanasiyana m'madera. Zinapangitsa kufalitsa kupanga mapulasitiki zaphindu ntchito katundu, ankatuma mpweya kapena fiberglass. M'nkhaniyi, zingalowe kulowetsedwa ndi processing wina zimangotanthauza kupereka mkulu katundu luso ndi thupi nkhani chifukwa. Poyamba technologists apanga njira imeneyi monga chida cha ndiyotani pakuchotsa zinthu zoipa kupanga. Makamaka, kulowetsedwa kuchepetsedwa pamaso pa voids mu dongosolo zakuthupi. M'tsogolo, njira zomwe zaonetseredwa makhalidwe ena abwino kuti kuchiika kuwongolera ukhondo zachilengedwe, ndi kuchepetsa ndalama ndalama kupanga.