Anchor unyolo. Chigawo chimodzi cha chipangizo nangula

Anchor unyolo - chinthu chofunika chipangizo lokhazikika ndi chotengera lonse wonse. Maunyolo nangula woyamba anali zaka mazana awiri zapitazo. Tsopano nangula unyolo mamangidwe phunziro kwa mfundo ndi kudutsa mayesero makina.

History unyolo nangula

Kwa zaka zambiri, amalinyero ntchito hemp chingwe kwa kukonza anangula. Sailboats pakati Zakachikwi otsiriza inachitika pa kukhala mu anangula ang'ono ndi chingwe mphamvu ya hemp zinali zokwanira. Ndi chitukuko cha zombo ndi shipbuilding m'madzi Choncho, anangula kukhala ankawonjezereka. Ndi mphamvu zokwanira, hemp zingwe afika mita theka circumference, kotero iwo ankayenera ntchito malekezero n'kakang'ono kuti zidzathera chingwe kapena twayini mu bollard ng'oma capstan. Komanso, hemp zingwe za frays nangula hawse ndi ayezi analaswa zoperewerazo kulemera otsika, kunali koyenera kwa kulemera nangula ndodo.

Mapeto a zaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu ndi chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi kudziwika kuyambira milandu n'kopanda ntchito unyolo zachitsulo nangula, amene modziwika kutsimikiziridwa ndi namondwe, ndi pa ayezi yopuma pa mtsinjewu. Chikalata chiyambi cha ntchito unyolo zitsulo akuti ndi 1814.

Frigate "Pallada" inayamba mu 1832 - sitima yoyamba zombo Russian, zida ndi unyolo nangula.

Kale mu 1859, pamaso unsembe pa zombo za maunyolo British Navy nangula anayamba nkhawa malinga ndi zofunika kwambiri zimene Lloyd Register, ndipo mu 1879 - ndi kuswa.

Zofunika Kutumiza Register

Makamaka mofulumira Russian zombo anayamba kukhala pa chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, ndipo analipo pa nthawi imeneyo gulu la zombo salinso akwaniritsa zofunikira za chitetezo. Choncho, 1913, inakhalapo dziko Gawo anthu "Russian Register", umene mbiri Soviet linadzatchedwa m'kaundula wa USSR, ndipo tsopano - Russian Maritime Register ya Kutumiza (RS). ntchito zake zikuphatikiza muyeso ndi gulu la zombo ndi nyumba yoyandama yokonza registries awo, kuyan'anila iwo ndi kuyang'anira luso.

Malinga ndi zofunikira za Register ziwiya nyanja kupita ayenera kukhala awiri ntchito ndi munthu wapadera nyanja nangula. Momwe aliyense kutalika unyolo sayenera mamita osakwana mazana awiri, izo amaperekedwa m'malo uta nangula. Komanso, awiri polumikiza kugwirizana ndi mapeto bulaketi. Anchor zotumiza chipangizo amapereka njira zomwe mphamvu limakupatsani kusankha nangula si oposa theka la ola. Mutu nyengo kuyang'aniridwa Register constituent chipangizo nangula.

nangula zida

Atathana ndi unyolo nangula wapatsidwa kapena kukwezedwa ndi njira yapadera ndi zipangizo. Anchor unyolo sankafuna kwa chipangizo akubwereranso owawa mapeto unyolo fairleads - izo zonse zimabwerera pamodzi ndi nangula wa zida sitimayo. Iwo ali anangula awiri kumbali ili uta chotengeracho. Pamphuno ndi kukhala ndi winch ndi galimoto magetsi kapena hayidiroliki. Mbali yaikulu ya winch - ndi asterisk, amene atamangika limasonyeza unyolo. Kamangidwe ilinso winch ng'oma pa zimene chilonda moorings.

Unyolo ku nangula umadutsa ndi recess mu bolodi, ndi pakamwapo nangula hawse chilonda pa winch sprocket ndi ufulu mapeto bulaketi wotetezedwa kwa chotengera mu unyolo loka.

Ena ziwiya zakonzedwa kumbuyo nangula chipangizo. Popeza malo okha mu kumakhaliro, ndiye kukweza umodzi kapena iwiri anangula kudyetsa ntchito ampingo. Izi makina ng'oma ndi asterisk pansi, vertically wokwera. gululi ndi magetsi galimoto, zimenezi kaya ng'oma kapena pansi sitimayo. Pa unyolo sprocket ndi chilonda. Photography limasonyeza capstan chipangizo, kumene 1 - ndi ng'oma, 2- yopingasa sprocket 3 - nangula unyolo.

Kutseka ndi kukonza zinthu

Oyembekezera Ufumuyo ziletsa mowiriza etching ndi unachitikira pa mavuto unyolo nangula ndi Cluzet. Iwo akhoza atathana kapena kunyamula: unyolo ndi sitimayo.

Ndi mamangidwe a sankafuna ndi mwauzimu kamera kapena kubweza mlatho. oyima Eccentric amene anaika pa zotengera ang'onoang'ono. Unyolo sankafuna - ndi mauta lalifupi, omwe anadutsa nangula bulaketi ndi Ufumuyo sitimayo malekezero Obukhov awiri.

Nangula mipope hawse zimene zimakhala kukonza nangula ndipo Nangula unyolo kungakhale ochiritsira, welded kapena kuponyedwa zotengera zoyendera ndi nsomba; lotseguka monga olimba kuponyera m'ngalande thupi pa zotengera nizkobortnyh; ndi kagawo kakang'ono mu mbali plating zombo zonyamula, zombo za ayezi navigation, kulola kuchotsa nangula chamadzi ndi khungu, potero kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha kuwonongeka.

Mitundu ndi anangula yomanga

Lero, pali mitundu inayi ya anangula. Ndi kukhala anangula yomwe imakonzedwa mu uta, chotengeracho unachitikira mu malo. Zolemba malire kulemera pa ndege onyamula ukufika 30 m. Kuthandiza nangula aft anafuna kulepheretsa chotengera kuti kutembenuka chamankhwala chodalirika kwambiri. Kwa nthawi yaitali posungira zinthu akuyandama, monga buoys ndi ankayatsa, atathana "akufa" anangula. Fidgeted kugwira zombo cholinga chapadera, T. N. ziwiya chikhomo cha migodi.

Panopa amadziwika dziko kwa mitundu zoposa zikwi zisanu anangula. Koma nangula nyanja wapangidwa mbali zinayi zikuluzikulu. Maziko a dongosolo lonse ndi spindle. Pa spindle antlers n'kupuma kapena swivel wokwera ndi yoteroyo, amene burrow mu nthaka ndi kusunga bwato mu malo. Perpendicular kuti nyanga ndi kutsinde spindle ili, amene akutembenukira nangula pansi pambuyo madzi, ndipo sataya nyanga kugona horizontally. Yolusa nangula chingwe kapena nangula unyolo ndi mphete achepetsa amaperekedwa wotchedwa mphete.

zofunika za unyolo nangula

The mbali yaikulu ya nangula unyolo - ulalo, womwe wapangidwa kwa safanana welded zitsulo ndodo ndi chitsulo kuumbidwa kapena kuponyedwa buttress pamodzi ndi spacer wofatsa zitsulo adagulung'undisa.

Mauta nangula unyolo olumikizidwa kwa m'mabokosi polumikiza, yosavuta kapena kampani, ambiri amene ali Kenter zikumangireni. zakudya zamtundu yosavuta osati inshuwaransi ndi kutsegula mwangozi. Komanso, pamene ntchito mayunitsi osachiritsika maunyolo popanda buttresses, ndipo amakhala akuluakulu kuposa mayunitsi ochiritsira.

Kenter zikumangireni ngati kugwirizana wabwinobwino, koma kugawanika. The amachepetsa awiri bulaketi ndi olumikiza Nyumbayi ndi anapitiriza strut, amene anaikapo pa ngodya ndi kutsogolera pini kapu.

Swivel, amene kumathandiza kupotoza wa unyolo nangula pa yamphamvu, ndi ambiri dongosolo la leni swivel osachiritsika wagawo ndi mayunitsi awiri analimbitsa therebetween.

Analimbitsa kugwirizana - ndi buttress ndi, ang'onoang'ono kukula kuposa osachiritsika, koma woposa kugwirizana yachibadwa. Bulaketi nangula imaikidwa mu diso la nangula spindle, nawonso olumikizidwa kwa mapeto ulalo wa swivel nangula bulaketi, anatembenuka ndi kubwerera naye.

Kapangidwe ka unyolo nangula

Anchor unyolo, komanso aliyense, tichipeza maulalo, koma mamangidwe osiyanasiyana. Links kupita kutalika yake, ndipo amatchedwa mauta wapakatikati. Ndi mfundo za Russian zombo chomangira kutalika mamita 25, mu UK, kumene analandira muyeso wa yaitali mayadi - mamita 27,43 kapena mayadi 30. Mauta kuti kufunika kutalika unyolo pamodzi ndi kulumikizana pakati pa chamoyo canter. Njira msonkhano zikhale zosavuta kuchotsa mbali zowonongeka ndi kusintha kutalika kwa unyolo nangula likafunika.

Muzu uta, omwe chili mu bokosi unyolo ndi mbali imodzi kumapeto bulaketi umatha, ndi zina nakweza zhvakogalsom. Zhvakogalsovaya uta ndi lalifupi, wina kumapeto wotetezedwa ku unyolo loka ndi mbedza pa mapeto ena a unyolo. chithunzi limasonyeza kuti n'zotheka kuti amasule chala kungomanga mbedza. Izi zimathandiza munthu mwamsanga kumasula sitimayo unyolo nangula.

Anchor uta (kalozera mzere) ndi osiyana yomanga ku wapakatikati. Pamafunikanso swivel. A uta mapeto bulaketi kwa amene ananamizira nangula.

Makulidwe unyolo nangula

Mfundo zikuluzikulu kukula, makulidwe ndi zomwe imalongosola makhalidwe a unyolo ndi likungosonyeza ake. Likungosonyeza - awiri ndodo, imene kugwirizana anapangidwa, kapena mapeto gawo la kugwirizana, malingana ndi njira kupanga. Kudzera miyeso ya likungosonyeza ndi mayunitsi ena amene amapanga dera la. Kulemera pa mita nangula unyolo chimadaliranso likungosonyeza ntchito koefishienti kwa dlinnozvennye unyolo - 2 popanda buttresses - 2.2, ndi buttresses - 2.3.

Unyolo kutalika zimatengera mtundu wa chotengera ndi kukula kwake. Ziyenera kukhala zambiri pakuya panyanja mu malo a magalimoto, chifukwa, choyamba, kukula kwa lomwe lili pansi unyolo kumathandiza kuti akazike kupita pansi ndi kuligwira kumeneko, ndipo kachiwiri, asilikali amachita pa nangula mu chinkhoswe cha pansi, sitiyenera kupita m'mwamba horizontally.

magalimoto m'madzi ambiri ndi unyolo ndi ongokhala 10-13 n'zotsimikizira maunyolo 80 120 mm, potsata kukula kwa nangula chachikulu. Ngati likungosonyeza kuposa 15 mm, mayunitsi ndi zimagwiridwa buttress - yopingasa mlatho, amene kumawonjezera kugwirizana robustness ndi pa 20%.

Komanso owerengera wapadera, mtundu mukulemba ntchito lokhazikika zipangizo. chiwerengero ndi mtundu (woyera kapena wofiira) mayunitsi wachikuda zimadalira chiwerengero cha mamita tikuona kapena nsinga, chomwe ndi unyolo. Photo zikusonyeza kuti unazokotedwa mamita mazana anai a unyolo, chifukwa pa mbali zonse za wofiira bulaketi Kenter woyera chojambulidwa pa kulumikizana awiri. Kudziwa kutalika ndi unyolo mu mdima, kuti buttress kugwirizana otsiriza umagwiritsidwa ntchito pa utoto kulanda wa waya zofewa annealed.

Magawo nangula unyolo

Magawo waukulu unyolo nangula - likungosonyeza izi, gulu mphamvu, mawotchi katundu ndi kwamakokedwe mayeso ongolankhula misa. Malinga ndi magawo kamangidwe limasonyeza unyolo nangula zilipo kapena wopanda buttresses.

Ndi mphamvu makhalidwe, amene amadalira likungosonyeza nkhani ndi njira kupanga, nangula unyolo kungakhale kwabwino, okwera kapena mphamvu yapamwamba. Maunyolo zingasiyane ndi njira mayunitsi opanga ndi spacers okha.

Motsata miyezo kupanga - china chofunika unyolo nangula. Mwachitsanzo, nangula unyolo GOST 228-79 - mankhwala ndi spacers amene anapanga mpweya ndi aloyi steels, wavomereza katundu makina, amamva mphamvu ndi likungosonyeza siyana atatu a kulumikizana chachikulu ndi spacer 11 178 mm.

Quality njira, misonkhano munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu zipangizo nangula, kuphatikizapo unyolo, - izo si kudalilika ndi chitetezo la chombo, koma ndi chitsimikizo cha chitetezo ndi zina miyoyo ya anthu pa bolodi.