Kodi ulimi ndi chiyani? Mbiri ya chiyambi cha ulimi

Agriculture, pokhala mtundu wakale wa ntchito za anthu, idapangidwa mosagwirizana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Kodi ulimi ndi chiyani?

Ulimi, womwe unayambira pa nthawi yoyamba, ndi zotsatira za nthawi yaitali ya kukula kwaumunthu.

Anayamba pamene anthu adadziwa kale momwe angasakire ndi kutolera zipatso zakutchire. Ntchito ya anthu inayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zomera, pakugawa ndi kuberekana kwa mitundu yothandiza kwambiri, pothandiza ena kuti athe kusintha zofunikira zawo.

Mbiri ya ulimi: kutuluka, zipangizo

Chiyambi cha ulimi chinachitika kale, pamene anthu adazindikira kuti zipatso zamtundu uliwonse kapena makutu, atagwa panthaka (ndi kumasuka), zimamera ndikupatsa zipatso. Kenaka anadza ndi lingaliro lakuti mwanjira iyi mukhoza kukula chakudya. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, iwo akhala mbewu za zomera zodyedwa kudzala ndikukula.

Pofesa, zidutswa zambiri za dziko lapansi zidasankhidwa, ndipo zinali pafupi ndi madzi. Anthu adaphunzira kumasula munda wamsongole ndi udzu wapadera, pambuyo pake adaponyera tirigu m'dziko lino. Imeneyi inali mtundu wolima. Pakutha nthawi yokolola, iwo anasonkhanitsa pogwiritsa ntchito chikwakwa chophatikizapo mtengo wamatabwa kapena mfupa.

Kukula kwa ulimi kunathandiza kuti pakhale zida zatsopano komanso zowonjezereka. Patapita nthawi, anthu anamanga khama. Poyamba chinali mtengo wokhala ndi nthambi yaikulu pamapeto pake. Anangowonjezera gulu la ng'ombe. Ndi chida ichi chinali kotheka kukonza malo ambiri, ndipo anthu adadziwa kuti kukolola kumunda woterewu kunali kwakukulu kusiyana ndi dziko lopangidwa ndi khasu. Mlimi analima mozama, ndipo mbewu zomwe zinabzalidwa mozama zinapereka mphukira zabwino.

Mitengo yoyamba

Mitengo yoyamba yomwe anthu anakulira inali balere, tirigu ndi mapira. Ndipo dziko lawo ndi Front Asia (chilumba cha Asia Minor ndi madera omwe ali pafupi ndi icho). Zinali m'malo awa omwe anapeza malo okhala akale kwambiri a alimi. Maziko awo anachitika zaka 10,000 zapitazo. Ndiye, kuchokera kumalo awa, ulimi unayamba kufalikira pang'onopang'ono padziko lonse lapansi.

Zingaganize kuti ulimi woterewu nthawi yomwe anthu adayendetsa moyo wawo wonse, unathandiza kuti pakhale zida zatsopano, zowonjezera komanso zowonjezera bwino. Chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi, kupanga zipangizo zamanja ndi zojambula zosiyanasiyana zinayamba kukula.

Kukula kwa ulimi m'madera

Kafukufuku wambiri wamabwinja komanso ofufuza za sayansi akuwonetsa kugwirizana pakati pa chiyambi cha ulimi m'masiku akale ndi madera a mapiri ndi zigwa mumtanda wa m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Wasayansi wotchuka NI Vavilov anapeza malo angapo akale omwe anayambitsa ulimi (VII-III mileniamu BC):

1. Ante-Asiatic (tirigu, balere, etc.).
2. Mapiri ndi zigwa zakumpoto za China (tirigu, mpunga, mapira, etc.).
3. Mexico (tsabola, nyemba, etc.).
4. Chigawo chapakati cha Peru (tsabola, dzungu, thonje, nyemba, etc.).

Kodi ulimi uli kutali bwanji ku America? Kumeneko kunayambika kwathunthu pokhapokha kumayiko ena, ndipo, mwinamwake, ndi akale kwambiri.

Wakale kwambiri ponena za kukula kwa chikhalidwe chaulimi padziko lapansi ndi madera pambuyo pa Mexico: Peru, India, Bolivia, China, Egypt ndi Syria.

Kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, kuyambika kwa ulimi kunayambika ku V-IV mileniamu BC.

Pa gawo la Russia ndi madera pafupi ndi ilo, ulimi unayambira mu Stone Age. Ndipo malo akale kwambiri ndi madera onse a Transcaucasia ndi Central Asia.

Kutsiliza

Poyankha funso la zomwe ulimi uli, ndiye kuti munthu akhoza kuzindikira kuti: Pozindikira ntchito imeneyi ndi kubereketsa ng'ombe, pang'onopang'ono anthu adachokera ku ntchito yoyendetsera (monga momwe zinalili kale) kwa wogulitsa - ndondomeko yowonjezera zida zogwira ntchito mwamsanga. Ndipo izi zinapangitsa kuti zipangizo zitheke.