Kazakhstan: mchere wa dziko, nyamazo. Miyalayo mchere wa Kazakhstan

Utatha la Soviet Union, maso onse anali pa Russia. Koma ngati inu mosamala mapu, mukhoza kuona kuti m'gawo yemweyo adachitanso ngakhale imodzi boma lalikulu, agwilitse malo chinayi mu kusanja dziko la mayiko waukulu - Kazakhstan.

The magawo awiri a dziko

Dzina la boma andipatsa mawu "Chikazaki" lomwe lili anachokera ku Turkey kutanthauza chimodzimodzi ngati kusuntha Russian "Cossack" ake - ". Mfulu" Free anthu anali malo kuyendayenda, chifukwa ngakhale panopa makilomita lalikulu kuposa miliyoni 2,7 a m'dera dziko ndi oposa zana makumi anai ndi chipululu. Ndipo ngati tingayerekezere ndi theka chipululu, ndiye m'dera pafupifupi bwinja ali pafupi makumi asanu pa zana a Kazakhstan.

Izi boma - mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa amene gawo ili mu magawo awiri a dziko - Europe ndi Asia. Posachedwapa kusiyana zimachitika tanthauzo la malire a dziko. Ngati kale malire a limachokera pamodzi Ural Mtsinje, koma tsopano asayansi ena amavomereza kuti m'pofunika kuloza kwambiri kwa mapiri a Ural. Kaya magwero kapena kutenga, chirichonse malire pakati pa mbali ya dziko osati anachita, ndi gawo lalikulu la Kazakhstan ku Asia, ndi ang'onoang'ono - mu Europe.

Poyamba, anthu anali more anapereka palokha Kazakhs. Koma popeza Soviet Union, pamene panali misa Kusamuka kwa anthu m'dziko - ndi gulu la Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, chitukuko cha m'mayiko namwali - zikuchokera mtundu wa kuti State anapeza zosiyanasiyana. Makamaka kuchuluka otaya osamukawo, atapeza madipoziti lalikulu la chuma mchere wa Kazakhstan. Ndipo chitukuko cha madipoziti awo zinachitika pamene zofuna makampani Soviet.

Zodziwitsa Table mu matumbo

Kumbali ya nthaka Kazakhstan wolemera chuma mchere. Mu kuya kwa boma wabisika pafupifupi lonse nthawi tebulo. Mazana a zinthu chosakwanira mankhwala kufufuza miyala ya makumi asanu ndi awiri. Pa yemweyo nthawi yopanga sikisite iwo akusunthira pa liwiro zonse. Udindo zaphindu kwa dziko ndi zinthu zoyembekezeka zosiyanasiyana nyumba Geological pa gawo wonsewo. Ndipo ndi kapangidwe Geological anali maziko chakuti mchere mu Kazakhstan zili pafupifupi mwachindunji kudutsa m'madera a dziko. Pakali pano, pali mazana asanu minda kuti muli mitundu yoposa zikwi mchere. Mwatsoka, malo patsogolo wa Soviet Union linapuwalanso chitukuko cha chuma m'madera osiyana. m'matangadza Choncho yaikulu kwambiri ena chuma cha Kazakhstan anali m'njira zambiri sunayambe.

dera kumpoto

Land kwa Northern Kazakhstan ndiko kuchimake kwa chitsulo makampani miyala, amatumikira monga gwero la zipangizo za ulimi wa zotayidwa ndi golide. Nkhokwe ya magnetite ores ndi burozheleznyakovyh a mabilioni a matani. Ndipo iye migodi mu dera ndi nthawi yaitali. Pulogalamu wanga nthaka ndi waukulu kwambiri madipoziti zakale Soviet Union asibesitosi. Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba, mchere kumpoto Kazakhstan - ndi madipoziti chapadera cha ores ndi okhutira mkulu wa faifi tambala, cobalt, tini tantalum, ndi titaniyamu, koma iwo ali m'dziko siteji chitukuko. Yemweyo mawu - kuyembekezera chitukuko - imakhudzanso gawo lapadera la diamondi mafakitale. Ndine wokondwa chokha chakuti migodi si zii, ndipo pang'onopang'ono anayamba chidzakwaniritsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, anayamba kukula kwa ores wolemera mu nthaka, m'munda Shaimerden.

Asia

chuma mchere wa East Kazakhstan amene timapemphera makamaka ores polymetallic. Izi zili choncho makamaka kwa otsogolera nthaka, pamodzi ndi amene mkuwa ndi yotengedwa miyalayo, waulemu golide ndi pulatinamu zinthu. Mbali zimenezi ndi woposa makumi anayi peresenti ya nkhokwe ya Chikazaki golide. Komanso, zinthu N'zolimbikitsa kuti lalikulu Chikazaki nkhokwe kum'mawa kwa titaniyamu ores osati kufufuza, koma nawonso anayamba kuphunzira.

chapakati Kazakhstan

Malasha mabeseni mu dziko wotchuka makamaka chapakati Kazakhstan. Mchere kupatula mpweya olimba - miyala ndi okhutira mkulu wa manganese, tungsten, molybdenum. Border zigawo za dziko ndi ochiritsira ndithu. Chapakati dera ali kukhudzana ndi madera ena, kotero nkhokwe ya otsogolera nthaka, zomwe zili zikuluzikulu kumpoto ndi kum'maŵa Kazakhstan ndi madipoziti pakati pa dziko.

South Kazakhstan

M'mayiko kum'mwera anasiyanitsidwa ndi zigawo zina za boma, ngakhale chapakati, chipululu. Choncho, iwo ndi wapadera, mosiyana ndi mbali zina za Kazakhstan, madipoziti. Miyala ya ureniamu miyala kum'mwera kwa dziko ali achiwiri kukula mu dziko, mlandu maperesenti oposa makumi awiri a nkhokwe dziko. Iwo anapeza njira zambiri zamakono - by mu-situ leaching. Kupatula ureniamu miyala, kum'mwera kwa Kazakhstan anatchuka chifukwa madipoziti mwala wa phosphate.

mayiko a azungu

Pafupifupi onse nkhokwe hydrocarbon ili mayiko a azungu Kazakhstan. Komanso, mafuta amaika dziko ndi pakati pa khumi ndi pamwamba pa limati dziko, ndi nkhokwe mpweya - pamwamba makumi awiri. Kuwonjezera chimasanduka, kumadzulo ndi yotengedwa potaziyamu salt wa boron ndi mwachibadwa chromite.

atsogoleri adziko

The zosiyanasiyana nyumba Geological kwachititsa chakuti ngati izo zifika za Kazakhstan, chuma mchere wa dziko, kamodzi anati: m'madera ena iwo amakhala ndi udindo waukulu mu dziko. Choncho palibe zodabwitsa mu chakuti m'dzikoli yaikulu nkhokwe dziko la ores munali nthaka, tungsten, barite. lachiwiri mu siliva dziko, otsogolera chromite. Kazakhstan pakati pamwamba asanu mphamvu dziko mu zamitundu miyala munali mkuwa, molybdenum, golide, ndi fluorite. Koma ngati inu titsatire ziyenera chuma kugwiritsa ntchito mchere, zofunika kwambiri kwa chuma cha boma adzakhala malasha ndi mafuta.

migodi ya malasha

Poyamba, gwero chachikulu cha Kazakhstan anachita malasha. kukula wotchuka (chifukwa cha nsomba mawu) Karaganda zinachitika chifukwa cha zosowa za boma wamng'ono Soviet ku khala ndi. m'madera lopanda anthu ochuluka pa nthawi za ku Central Kazakhstan anali kufukulidwa pamaso pa malasha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, koma antchito choyamba 'midzi anawonekera kuno okha makumi awiri oyambirira. Koma kuti mwachangu ndi Karaganda khala beseni idayamba mmasate Mu zaka zapitazo, pamene dziko ankakumana nazo kufunika kokhala ndi nkhuni ndi zipangizo za kampani yopanga zitsulo. Ndipotu m'dera khala coking, chifukwa mu apamwamba ndi mu ankafuna mu makampani. Choncho, choyambirira chisanadze nkhondo migodi ku Kazakhstan zochepa m'badwo malasha. Mu nthawi ya chitukuko yogwira migodi ya malasha mu zigawo zambiri kumpoto kwa lotseguka munda burozheleznyakovyh ores. Ichi chinali chiyambi cha kukula mofulumira ndi zitsulo makampani a Kazakhstan. Pakali pano, anapeza Karaganda khala beseni 80 coalbed mamita 120 wakuda ndi chidebe matani biliyoni 45. malo ake zili zitatu mbali yaikulu ya dziko. Malasha migodi ndi yofuna mu Ekibastuz khala beseni.

chimasanduka

Utatha Soviet Union - mafuta dziko otchuka ndi mpweya padziko lapansi - mayiko ambiri pambuyo Soviet akhala amadalira Russia, chifukwa malo amenewa chimasanduka anagawanika omangidwa kudutsa dziko. Koma iwo sanali asalandidwe Kazakhstan. Mchere munali chimasanduka, mu limati utangoyamba anali owonjezera. Chachiwiri mu positi kuchuluka kwa nkhokwe, ndi ena - gasi. Koma ogwera chitukuko cha mafuta ndi gasi makampani mu Soviet Union m'njira ziwiri anakhudzidwa makampani m'nthawi ya ufulu wa Kazakhstan. Pa dzanja limodzi - gawo wolemera. Malinga ndi nkhokwe ya mafuta mu matumbo a dziko lapansi, Kazakhstan ndi kutsogolera lonse gulu, ndi pafupifupi peresenti ya madipoziti onse kufufuza chipatso pa dziko lapansi, amene ali biliyoni matani anayi. Pang'ono zosakwana mu nkhokwe gasi Kazakhstan: mawu kuchuluka okwana lonse - peresenti za wina, umene ndi pafupifupi biliyoni kiyubiki mamita. Komano, cholinga m'zigawo Union Siberia mafuta ndi gasi zinachititsa kuti mfundo yakuti malangizo Kazakhstan anali zochepa olemera kuposa m'boma loyandikana.

mchere miyalayo

mchere miyala ankagwiritsa ntchito Kazakhstan. M'matangadza wa zitsulo wambiri m'mayiko kumpoto kwa boma, pamene pali peresenti eyite-faifi a nkhokwe okwana m'dziko. Ena madipoziti miyala ali pamwamba kwambiri kuti chitsulo zili momwemo theka kuposa wina wa miyalayo. Koma wamba Chikazaki miyala m'zigawo mulibe woposa makumi anayi pa zana a chitsulo.

Nainte-naini pa zana chromium madipoziti ili kum'mwera kunathandiza Ural mapiri, amene dzina lake Kazakhstan Mugodzhary. State limasonyeza chachiwiri m'dziko mawu migodi chromite.

Manganese miyala madipoziti m'deralo, amene amapereka buku lachiwiri la CIS, ndi kwa 27% ya zili zitsulo.

Mkuwa migodi mu dziko ikuchitika m'minda yemweyo (Zhezkazgan, Orel, Nicholas) kwa nthawi yaitali, zomwe zimabweretsa kutopa awo pang'onopang'ono. Choncho, kuyesetsa anapangidwa kwa kutumidwa wa chitukuko atsopano a kum'mawa Kazakhstan. Pa nthawi yomweyo kufunafuna mkuwa ores akutsatiridwa mu zigawo Central ndi Western a dziko.

Kachiwiri, ngati ife kulankhula za Kazakhstan, mchere ndi dziko munali golide, Dziwani kuti yopanga zitsulo wapatali poyamba anali kokha mosayembekezera amafotokozera mu chitukuko cha polima ores. Tsopano chitukuko golide imachitika m'madera 16 m'dzikolo. Kufufuza ndi minda 190 ndipo mu nkhokwe za golide Kazakhstan tithe chachisanu mu dziko. Tsopano zikugwira ntchito migodi mothandizidwa ndi golide pa m'ma hafu lotsatira.

mchere nonmetallic

chuma mchere wa Kazakhstan suthera ores ndi malasha. boma wolemera madipoziti ndi asibesitosi ambiri amene ankakhala mu Zhetygarinskom ndi Zhezkaganskom minda. Komanso, munda kum'mwera Mugodzhar olemera mbali iyi, ngakhale zochepa intensively anayamba.

Ogwira ntchito m'migodi ku Kazakhstan kwambiri yapangidwa kuchotsa malangizo kuchokera ku matumbo a dziko lapansi mankwala. M'matangadza wa zinthu phosphorous kum'mwera kwa dziko ndi wachiwiri dziko ndi buku, ndi ochititsa waukulu mankhwala ali wapamwamba kuposa aliyense.

Kuwonjezera zinthu izi nonmetallic mu ya Caspian maganizo Kazakhstan wapezeka sikunachitekepo m'matangadza salt. Osiyana mchere zobala strata upambana makilomita awiri.

Mwachidule pamwamba pa zonse, tiona kuti dziko wolemera madipoziti zosiyanasiyana. Mchere wa Republic of Kazakhstan ndi wapamwamba kwambiri. Mwatsoka, zinalengedwera si nthawi zonse anakhalabe pa mlingo woyenera. A Chofunika kwambiri kwa chuma cha boma lili khala migodi, mafuta ndi gasi.