History "wa Auschwitz." Amene anamasula "Auschwitz"?

Mbiri ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, amasunga kwambiri masamba unsightly, koma German yozunzirako - mmodzi wa koipa. Zochitika za m'masiku amenewo amasonyeza kuti nkhanza za anthu kwa mzake, ndi zoona sakudziwa malire.

Makamaka pa nkhani imeneyi, "wotchuka" "Auschwitz". Osati mbiri yabwino akukambirana Buchenwald kapena Dachau. Kumeneko munali m'misasa imfa. asilikali Sovetskik amene anamasula "Auschwitz", kalekale pansi kuganiza cha nkhanza zimene zinali mwa makoma ake Nazi. Kodi anali malo ano, chifukwa chimene izo analengedwa ndi Germany? Nkhani ndi nkhani imeneyi.

mfundo zofunika

Icho chinali chachikulu kwambiri ndi kwambiri "wamphamvu" kundende ina, amene nthawi analengedwa ndi Nazi. More ndendende, zinali zovuta lonse, wopangidwa mwa nyumba mwachizolowezi msasa ntchito yokakamiza ndi gawo lapadera limene massively anaononga anthu. "Auschwitz" ndipo amadziwika. Kodi malo awa? Malowa ali pamtunda Suli kutali Kraków, Poland.

Amene anamasula "Auschwitz", anali okhoza kupulumutsa mbali ya "mlandu" malo oopsa. Kuyambira izi zikalata lamulo la Red Army atamva kuti kwa nthawi zonse a msasa enieni anazunzidwa pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu zikwi zana anthu mkati ake makoma. Pafupifupi miliyoni a iwo - Ayuda. The "Auschwitz" anali anayi zipinda mpweya yaikulu, aliyense amene anaikidwa anthu 200 basi.

Ndiyeno kodi anthu ambiri anaphedwa?

Kalanga, pali chifukwa chomveka chokhulupirira kuti anthuwo zambiri. Mmodzi wa atsogoleri a malo oopsa, Rudolf Hess, ndi mayesero Nuremberg, ananena kuti chiwerengero cha anthu anapha tikhoza kufika chiwerengero cha okwana 2.5 miliyoni. Komanso, ndi chodziwikiratu kuti lobadwa otchedwa woona chithunzi. Lang'anani, nthawi zonse bustled mu khoti, ponena kuti iye Sindinakudziwani chiwerengero chenicheni cha akaidi anaphedwa.

Popeza mphamvu yaikulu kwambiri zipinda za mpweya, tikhoza amachitsimikizira kuti akuvutika ndi zoona zinali zambiri kuposa mmene kulembamo boma. Ofufuza ena amaganiza kuti mapeto awo anapeza pafupifupi mamiliyoni anayi (!) Ayi anthu osalakwa makoma zoopsa.

The Izitu n'zovutitsa owawa chinali Gates "Auschwitz" anali chokongoletsedwa ndi mawu ena omwe kuwerenga: «ARBEIT MACHT FREI». Ikumasuliridwa Russian, amatanthauza "Ntchito zimakupangitsa iwe ufulu". Kalanga, kwenikweni, palibe ufulu si ngakhale fungo izo. M'malo mwake, ntchito zofunika ndi zothandiza maphunziro mu manja a Nazi inasanduka njira wogwira mtima wa awonongedwe kuti pafupifupi sanasiye zolephera.

Pamene zovuta chinalengedwa ndi imfa?

Yomanga inayamba mu 1940 gawo lomwe linali m'mbuyomu kaboma Polish. Monga ntchito koyamba mu malo a asilikali m'chipindacho. Kumene, ntchito ya zomangamanga anali Ayuda ndipo akaidi a nkhondo. Ife anawadyetsa zoipa, ndi kupha aliyense chokhumudwitsa - weniweni kapena kungoganiza. Choncho anasonkhanitsa wake woyamba "mbewu", "Auschwitz" (komwe ndi malo awa, mukudziwa kale).

Pang'onopang'ono, msasa anakula, osatembenukira ku kuipidwa yaikulu yobereka ntchito wotchipa, amene adzatha ntchito ulamuliro wa Hitler.

Tsopano pafupi kuti silinena, koma ntchito zonse inagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri akaidi (!) Large German makampani. Makamaka, wotchuka bungweli BMV mwachangu akubera akapolo, kufunika yomwe ikukula chaka chilichonse, monga Germany anaponya mu East chopukusira Front ndi magulu kwambiri, kuumirizidwa kuti azitha zipangizo zawo zatsopano.

Terms ndi zinthu m'ndende akaidi

The zinthu zinali zoopsa. Pa anthu oyambirira kukhazikika ku chipinda, kumene kunali kanthu. Chilichonse, kupatula armfuls ka udzu yoola pa mamita lalikulu angapo a pansi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, iwo anayamba kupereka mphasa, pa mlingo wa munthu kwa anthu asanu kapena asanu. Chimake kwambiri yochezera akaidi akhala bunks. Ngakhale zinali m'mizere atatu, aliyense bwino anaikidwa akaidi awiri okha. Pankhaniyi, sanali kuzizira pamene anali kugona osachepera osati pansi.

Mulimonsemo, panalibe chabwino. Chipinda, amene moti ankatha munthu pazipita anthu makumi asanu mu malo olungama, m'mapiko pa theka awiri akaidi zana. Mumamva chonunkha, chinyezi, nsabwe ndi typhoid malungo ... Ndi zonse izi, anafa ndi zikwi.

Makamera kwa gassings "Zyklon B" ntchito usana ndi usiku, ndi kutulukira kwa maola atatu. Mu ndende imeneyi msasa crematoria anatentha matupi zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu tsiku.

Zimene zachipatala

Koma zaumoyo, ndiye akaidi amene anatha kupulumuka mu "Auschwitz" osachepera kwa mwezi umodzi, mawu akuti "dokotala" anayamba imvi. Ndithudi, ngati munthu akudwala, ndi bwino kuti nditenge basi mu kuzungulira kapena kuthamanga ankaona alonda, kuyembekezera chipolopolo wachifundo.

Ndipo kulibe kudabwa; anapatsidwa kuti m'madera amenewa 'ankachita "ndi chinyozo Mengele ndi nambala ya" ochiritsa "udindo ang'onoang'ono, kupita ku chipatala zambiri inathera ndi" Auschwitz "anthuwo anachita mbali ya mbira nkhumba. Akaidi anayesedwa ziphe, katemera oopsa, kukhudzana ndi kutentha mkulu ndi otsika, kuyesa njira zatsopano kupatsidwa zina ... Mwachidule, imfa inali zabwino kwenikweni (makamaka anapatsidwa chizolowezi "madokotala" kuchita ntchito popanda mankhwala oletsa ululu).

Mu ambanda Nazi anali "maloto pinki" kukhala njira yolera yotseketsa mwamsanga ndi mogwira mtima anthu kuti adzaononga anthu wonse, kuwamana iwo mphamvu za kubereka.

Kuti zimenezi zitheke, zatsopano kunachitika wokhala: amuna ndi akazi Ziwalo zoberekera kuchotsedwa ankayendera mlingo wa machiritso a zilonda postoperative. zatsopano zambiri kunachitika pa nkhani cheza yolera yotseketsa wa. anthu sankasangalala irradiated Mlingo chenicheni cha X-ray.

Ntchito "madokotala"

Zitatero, iwo ntchito mu kafukufuku wa matenda ambiri a chikhalidwe oncological, amene pambuyo "mankhwala" anaonekera pafupifupi poyera. Ambiri, anthu onse anali tikungoyembekezera kwa msilikali, yopweteka kuti athandize "sayansi ndi patsogolo." N'zomvetsa chisoni kuti avomereze, koma ambiri a "madokotala" osati anakwanitsa kupewa zingwe zopota ku Nuremberg, koma mwangwiro anakakhala America ndi Canada, kumene iwo ankatengedwa pafupifupi zounikira za mankhwala.

Inde, anapeza analidi wapatali, ndizo basi malipiro kwa iwo, anali yakusatetezeka mkulu. Apanso pali funso la koyenela chigawo mankhwala ...

kudya

Anawadyetsa mogwirizana: lonse tsiku chakudya anali mbale translucent a "msuzi" masamba chovunda ndi nyenyeswa za "luso" mkate, amene anali kwambiri mbatata chovunda ndi utuchi, koma panalibe ufa. Pafupifupi 90% akaidi amadwala matenda aakulu matumbo wakupha iwo mofulumira, "wachikondi" Nazi.

Akaidi n'kumamusirira agalu, amene anali m'ndende ku kwake oyandikana: mu kennels anali Kutentha, ndipo okha chakudya khalidwe ndi kufanana sikuthandiza ...

conveyor imfa

Nthano Eerie tsopano mpweya zipinda "wa Auschwitz." Kupha anthu anaikidwa pa mtsinje (m'lingaliro loona mawu). Mosakhalitsa atangofika pa akaidi msasa anali zosankhidwa m'magulu awiri: yabwino ndi zosafunika ntchito. Ana, anthu akale, akazi ndi olumala mwachindunji ku nsanja anatumizidwa ku zipinda za mpweya "wa Auschwitz." Mosatekeseka akaidi woyamba anatumizidwa ku "loka chipinda".

Munatani ndi matupi?

Kumeneko undressed, iwo anapatsidwa sopo ndipo anali "akusamba." Kumene, munthuyo anagwa mu mpweya zipinda zomwe kwenikweni anali ananamizira ngati yamvumbi (denga ngakhale opopera madzi). Chikadzangotha chipani losindikizidwa zitseko chitatha, adamulowetsa zonenepa mpweya "Zyklon B" Kenako nkhani za akasinja ndi anathamangira mu "yamvumbi." Anthu anamwalira pasanathe mphindi 15-20.

Pambuyo kuti matupi awo anawatumiza ku nyumba imene ankawotcheramo mitembo, amene ntchito yosayima kwa masiku angapo. The phulusa chifukwa ankagwiritsa ntchito feteleza minda. Tsitsi kuti akaidi nthawi zina atameta anapita pa mapilo stuffing ndi mphasa. Pamene ochimwa ng'anjo wasimidwa, ndi mipope awo amapita kugwira ntchito mosalekeza, matupi watentha ngozi yaikulu dzenje anakumba m'ndendemo.

Today pa malo inamangidwa owonetsera zakale "Auschwitz." Eerie kumverera, wopondereza ndi lero chimakwirira onse amene amabwera m'dera la imfa.

Kuti mudziwe akhale olemera pa ulamuliro wa msasa

Iwo ayenera kumvetsa kuti Ayuda chomwecho anabweretsedwa ku Poland ku Greece ndi mayiko ena akutali. Adalonjeza "wasamuka ku Eastern Europe" ndipo ngakhale ntchito. Mwachidule, anthu anadza kwa malo a kuphedwa wake, mwaufulu osati mukumwa naye chuma onse.

Sikuti amaona kwambiri zilizonse: mu 30 ntchentche za m'ma XX, Ayuda kwenikweni anawabweza ku Germany ku East. anthu alephera kuzindikira kuti zasinthadi ndipo tsopano Ulamuliro wa Nazi zinali zambiri kopindulitsa kuononga osati zomukondweretsa "Untermensch".

Kodi mukuganiza kuti golide ndi siliva onse zinthu, zovala zabwino ndi nsapato linalandidwa kuchokera kwa akufa? Nthawi zambiri iwo n'kukagwiritsa commandants ndi akazi awo (amene sindinadandaule kuti ndolo latsopano maola angapo apitawo tinali pa munthu wakufa) chitetezo kwa msasa. Makamaka "wolemekezeka" Zitsulo, moonlighting pano. Iwo anamutcha omwetsera anagonjetsa zinthu "Canada". Malinga ndi malingaliro awo, zinali zodabwitsa, wolemera dziko. Ambiri mwa anthu amenewa "maloto", osati Polemeretsedwa okha ndi kugulitsa zinthu anaphedwa, koma anathawa koma chabe mu Canada chomwecho.

Kodi ankagwira bwino ntchito yaukapolo akaidi?

Zodabwitsa, koma Mwachangu chuma ntchito yaukapolo akaidi amene "chobisa" msasa "Auschwitz" linali ndi mavuto. Anthu itagwiritsidwa (ndi akazi) mu ngolo pa dziko, amuna ulimi kwambiri kapena zochepa amphamvu ntchito ngati otsika-luso ntchito mankhwala ndi mabizinezi nkhondo, magulu awo anawonongedwa milatho ndi kukonza misewu anagwirizana mabomba ...

Nazi basi chiongoko mabizinezi kumene msasa "Auschwitz" Amatipatsa rabsilu sanasangalale: anthu ankanyamula pazipita 40-50% ya ponseponse, ngakhale ndi zonse asaphedwe chifukwa lokhoza misdemeanor. Ndipo palibe zodabwitsa pano: ambiri a iwo sadzachitanso ataima pa mapazi ake, mtundu wa ntchito kumeneko?

Ziribe kanthu chomwe Nazi anthu oipa padziko mayesero Nuremberg, cholinga chawo chokhacho anali kuwonongedwa thupi la anthu. Ngakhale ntchito yawo mu ntchito mphamvu aliyense kwambiri chidwi.

easing mode

Pafupifupi 90% ya opulumuka Jahena tiri oyamikira kwa Mulungu kuti iwo anamutengera ku ndende ndende "Auschwitz" m'ma 1943. Ngakhale mode kukhazikitsidwa kwambiri anasintha.

Choyamba, kuyambira tsopano alonda sankaloledwa popanda mlandu, kupha mkaidi aliyense kuti iwo ankakonda. Chachiwiri, m'dera anthu pangozi siteshoni kwenikweni anayamba kuchiritsa, osati kupha. Chachitatu, zitsulo ndi bwino kudyetsa.

The Germany anadzuka chikumbumtima? Ayi, chirichonse zambiri prosaic: zinaonekeratu kuti Germany anali kutaya nkhondo. "Great Ulamuliro wa Nazi" anali Zinkafunikiradi antchito, osati yaiwisi zipangizo manyowa m'minda. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, moyo wa akaidi sadzachitanso anakula pamaso pa ngakhale mizukwa wathunthu.

Komanso, tsopano si ana onse obadwa kumene anaphedwa. Inde, mpaka nthawi imeneyo, akazi onse amene anabwera ku malo awa pakati, anataya ana ake: ana Kungoti anamira mu ndowa, ndi Kenako anaponya matupi awo. Nthawi zambiri, kumbuyo m'chipindacho, komwe mayi ake anali. Kodi akazi ambiri Kalanga zaipa, sitingathe kudziwa. Posachedwapa linanena kuti patha zaka 70 za kumasulidwa kwa "Auschwitz", koma nthawi mudzaiwala amenewa.

Apitirizebe Pa nthawi ya "m'firiji pamtunda" ana onse anayamba kufufuza ngati mawu a nkhope zawo ndinazembera chilichonse "Aryan", mwana ananditumiza "kuloŵerera" mu Germany. Choncho Nazi ankafuna kuthetsa yoopsa zaziwerengero vuto, adayima ndi msinkhu wake wonse, pambuyo zomvetsa yaikulu pa East Front. N'zovuta angati mu Germany lero kunyumba kwa ana a Asilavo anagwidwa ndi kutumizidwa ku Auschwitz. History kanthu za izo, ndi zikalata (zifukwa zoonekeratu) ali sipezeka.

kumasulidwa

Chirichonse mu dziko akubwera ku mapeto. Ndinali nazonso ndi m'ndendeyo. Choncho amene anamasula "Auschwitz", ndipo pamene icho chinachitika?

Ndipo anachita izo asilikali Soviet. Ankhondo a Choyamba Chiyukireniya Front anamasula akaidi malowa zoopsa January 25, 1945. SS mayunitsi asunga msasa, kumenyana imfa: iwo anapatsidwa kuti m'njira iliyonse anali kupereka nthawi kwa chiwonongeko cha Nazi monga akaidi onse, ndi zikalata kuti waunikira mirandu yawo yaikulu. Koma anyamata athu achita ntchito yawo.

Ndi amene anamasula "Auschwitz." Ngakhale utuluke matope onse amene anatsanulira tsopano mu malangizo awo, asilikali ndi moyo wawo anali okhoza kupulumutsa anthu ambiri. Musaiwale za izo. Pa tsiku la 70 la kumasulidwa kwa "Auschwitz" pafupifupi mawu womwewo unadza pa milomo ya utsogoleri watsopano wa Germany, amene ankalemekeza kukumbukira asilikali Soviet amene anafera ufulu wa ena. Only mu 1947 m'nyumbayi chinamasulidwa mu msasa. ndiAmene zake ayesa kusunga zonse monga kuoneka apa kufika ngozi.