Chitaliyana injiniya Aristotle Fioravanti: yonena

Mbiri ya zomangamanga ndi mapulani malingaliro ndi chodzaza ndi mayina wotchuka, koma ena a m'nkhaniyi kuoneka ndipo amayenera tsamba osiyana mu mbiriyakale.

Kubadwa ndi ubwana

Mu 1415 iye anabadwa wamanga kwambiri Aristotle Fioravanti. Moyo ndi ntchito linayamba Bologna. The mnyamata anaonekera mu wamanga kulemekezedwa banja, ndipo njira yake katswiri wakhala anakonzeratu. Childhood pa nthawi yochepa: kuyambira zaka 5, wamanga tsogolo nthawi yambiri yomwe ndi pa pomanga, kumvera atate nkhani yake ndi antchito ndi sizing mpaka zipangizo ndi njira.

Phunziro ndi chitukuko cha ntchito

Madzi mu ntchito anayamba Fioravanti ntchito monga ntchito ku bizinesi. Artel Fioravanti anali ndi mbiri yabwino mu Bologna, kudzapereka malamulo waukulu ndi zapamwamba. Wina wamanga agogo analandira malamulo lalikulu ngati kutambasuka kwa nyumba wakale Akkursio mu Bologna, ndi atate wake anamanga Palazzo Comunale, yovulala pamoto. The mnyamata anakulira malowa yomanga ndi odzipereka luso ambiri ndi chidziwitso. Ndi zaka 15 iye anali akatswiri kale oyenera ndi mapulani. Documents akusonyeza kuti 1436 achinyamata Fioravanti nawo kuponyera mabelu kwa Palace del Podesta, ntchito imene m'masiku amenewo chofunika kwambiri luso.

kukhala mbuye

Ndi zaka 25 Aristotle katswiri nzeru zonse za ntchito ndi mwachangu anapitiliza kugwira ntchito mu bizinesi. Bambo wake atamwalira Fioravanti chofunika mu manja awo akwata mbale wake, ndi ngwazi ya m'nkhaniyi wakhala membala wodzala mukupanga lapansi.

Injiniya achinyamata anali kukhala, ndipo pofufuza mwayi bungwe malonda palokha, iye anapita ku Roma. Mu likulu, Aristotle ntchito popititsa, ankakwera ndi kukhazikitsa mzati mu kachisi wa Minerva. Iye anali nawo ntchito zikuluzikulu ndi monga injiniya. Pali anaphunzira kusuntha zinthu zikuluzikulu, ndipo anamuika yogwira maganizo luso.

Zaka ntchito: Aristotle Fioravanti - Italy injiniya

Mu 1453 ndi wamanga ikuphukira anabwerera Bologna kutsatira malangizo ochokera m'midzi udindo m'dera - amawalamulira kuwuka kwa belu nsanja. Pa ntchito imeneyi, injiniya kwambiri kuganizira za kusintha kwa umisiri wa zomangamanga. Izi zachititsa woyamba Omveka Fioravanti injiniya.

Mu 1455, Aristotle anasonyeza dziko ndi zomangamanga mukudabwa: iye anatha kupangitsa belu nsanja ya mpingo wa Santa Mariya Madzhore mamita 13. Pa ichi iye ntchito limagwirira anatulukira wake ndipo anali wokhoza kuchita ntchito imene lero si kophweka.

nsanja anali atazunguliridwa ndi wapadera khola matabwa, amene amapulumutsa zomangamanga kwa monyang'ama pa. Injiniya ntchito yapadera pa nthawi mfundo za kufalitsidwa kwa mphamvu kusodza kwa zipata ochepa.

Slava Fioravanti anafalikira m'dziko Italy, ndipo tsopano injiniya anaitanidwa kuchita malamulo ovuta kwambiri Kuwonjezera kudziwika kubweretsa ndalama. Kotero, iye bwinobwino anaweramuka tsankhu nsanja Cento ndi belu nsanja Venice. Komabe, belu nsanja linagwa mu masiku 2 pambuyo ndondomeko, ndipo onse waphunzitsa Fioravanti mosamala kwambiri kufufuza nthaka, tisanachite ntchito.

Kuyambira 1456 Fioravanti akuyamba kuchita mbali pa malamulo a kamangidwe kake. Iwo amagwira ntchito pa ntchito yomanga nyumba zakale mu Bologna, kukonza mtsinje ndipo amachita zosiyanasiyana malamulo wa dera m'tawuni. Ntchito mbuye amaona, kutchuka kwake ndi kukula, ndipo mu 1458 anaitanidwa Milan kutumikira pa bwalo la Duke, kumene Aristotle ndi ntchito pafupifupi 6 zaka.

Kenako, wamanga anabwerera Bologna ndipo amachita zosiyanasiyana malamulo, kuphatikizapo milatho nsanja, zachifumu anamanga ndi kubwezeretsedwa. Kuyambira 1464 iye anali katswiri ndi mzinda wa Bologna udindo umenewu mpaka imfa yake, ngakhale kuti kulankhula apite kwa mbuye kuti ntchito zosiyanasiyana m'mizinda ya Italy, komanso Hungary ndi Russia.

Aristotle Fioravanti anamanga nyumba angapo otchuka nthawi yake. wakhama inamangidwa ngalande m'tauni ya Cento, kumanganso wa Palazzo del Podesta, koma ulemerero wa mbuye panthawi imeneyo kuposa wapangidwa ntchito zomangamanga, zodziwika bwino mu dziko la zomangamanga anali adakali m'tsogolo.

nthawi Chovuta Aristotle Fioravanti

Pa moyo wake, Aristotle Fioravanti anakumana ndi machenjerero a mpikisano nsanje. Chifukwa cha ichi iye akungokhalira kusintha malo awo okhala ndi ntchito. A nkhonya chidwi tsoka anali wamanga mlandu coining ndalama zachinyengo, izo zinachitika mu 1473. Master pafupifupi mozizwitsa anakwanitsa kupewa chilango choopsa, koma anataya chiyembekezo chopeza bookings ku Rome. Aristotle Fioravanti anabwerera Bologna, kumene iye anali kuyembekezera, koma yapita malamulo lalikulu ndi sanalandire, ndi ubwino wa ake penapake anagwedezeka.

Russian kumwetulira mwayi

Mu Russia, Tsar Ivan III pa nthawi imeneyi anayamba nyumba yaikulu: mu boma la Russia, anaganiza kumanga zikuluzikulu Cathedral, kusonyeza mphamvu ndi mphamvu ya ulamuliro yachifumu. Koma kunagwa tsoka - khoma anakomoka, ndipo Italy watumidwa kwa kazembe, ndi malangizo kubweretsa wamanga yabwino.

Umuna Tolbuzin anakumana Aristotle Fioravanti ndipo anatha kutsimikizira kuti apite ku dziko lakutali osadziwika. Choncho 1475, anayamba chagolidi nthawi mu moyo wamanga a.

Kufika mu Moscow, wazomangamanga, kutsatira malamulo ake mosamala nthaka ndi zipangizo imene anamanga akalambula. Kotero iye anazindikira kuti m'pofunika kuthetsa mavuto awiri. Choyamba, ufulu bungwe ulimi wa njerwa amphamvu. Lachiwiri kulenga maziko tatikulu ndi olimba ngati nthaka Borovitsky phiri anali zakale kangapo ndipo sanathe kulimbana kulemera kwa nyumba yaikulu.

Ndipo ntchito anayamba, n'kale lonse Russia: chilengedwe cha mphepete mwa kwambiri ndi unsembe wa milu yaitali matabwa, amene sanamulandire pa zomangamanga Russian. Komanso injiniya anatsegula kupanga njerwa, amene patapita zaka zambiri anapereka likulu la zipangizo apamwamba.

Mfundo ya moyo: Aristotle Fioravanti anamanga Cathedral wa Akukwera

Kopanda Cathedral - ndi chitsanzo cha mkulu kamangidwe lingaliro izo organically Chili miyambo ndi luso chosintha. Iwo anakhala chitsanzo ku mpingo wa Akukwera Cathedral mu Vladimir, koma Fioravanti anagulitsa izo kwa ambiri chosintha Russia pa nthawi maganizo.

The wamanga anachita kwambiri oyendayenda kuzungulira dziko, ndi bwino anamvetsa miyambo ya zomangamanga wakale Russian. Izi lililonse njira mfiti amagwiritsa mapulani kunja kwa kachisi. Pa nthawi yomweyo wamanga luso zinamupatsa kulenga lalikulu ndi yowala tchalitchi.

The wamanga watenga njira zingapo chidwi kulenga fano mkati mwa kachisi. Iye tsopano achotsa kwa makolasi bwino ndipo amagwiritsa mizati atypical monga zogwiriziza, allocates malo osiyana royals lapansi. Master anafuna kuti akonze tchalitchi chachikulu chimene angachite chidzakhudza ndi m'maganizo onse a chikhalidwe Russian, komanso anafuna kuti akomere pomanga zikuchitika masiku ano kwambiri zomangamanga.

Ndipo pamapeto iye analenga wosatsutsana - ndi Russian ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, Kubadwa Kwatsopano - maonekedwe a kachisi, komanso unalingirira danga oimbira onse, kuika maziko zimene tsopano ndi kunyada kwa anthu Russian - Cathedral Square.

Wazomangamanga Ivan III anafunsa kuti amauza ophunzira ku Italy, kuti kutchula mfundo imeneyi ya kulengedwa kwa gulu loyimba mapulani a boma la Russia. Choncho, Russia wapeza chizindikiro chawo ndi chitsanzo onyenga mapulani. The tchalitchi inamangidwa nthawi umboni, ndipo mu 1479 anapambana kudzipereka mpingo. Ndipo katswiri wa zomangamanga anali kupereka ndi mphoto ndi ulemu, koma iye sanali anamasulidwa kwawo, monga mfumu ya mapulani wake chifukwa cha iwo.

Zaka Ulemu ndi ulemerero

Kale pomanga wa Akukwera Cathedral, Aristotle Fioravanti, wamanga, sanaiwale makhalidwe ake zomangamanga. Amangira kupanga Cannon, limaphunzitsa ambuye Russian ndi asilikali ndipo anaika mutu wa zida zankhondo Russian. Iwo ukugwira kulipira kuwoloka mtsinje Russian, kumanga ndi pontoon mlatho kudutsa Volkhov. Zaka zingapo Master amaona kuti ntchito, zomwe mowolowa manja analipira Russian tsar.

Komabe, mbuye akufuna kuti apite kunyumba ndi kupempha mfumu ibwerere kunyumba, koma ngakhale kumva za izo sanafune. Kungotchula lotsiriza la Fioravanti mu mbiri amasonyeza kuti anali nawo ntchito yapadera yothetsa Tver, imene inatha ndi chigonjetso cha manja Russian.

Zotsatira Aristotle Fioravanti zomangamanga ku Russian

Kopanda Cathedral analandiridwa ndi kutengeka ndi mapulani Russian, ndi zina zotero Russia anayamba kuoneka maofesi, mwanjira akubwereza kalembedwe wamanga Italy. Fioravanti, mosadziwa, maziko a Russian sukulu mtundu wa zomangamanga, zomwe ndi zogwirizana Chili miyambo yakale ya zomangamanga Russian ndi zachilendo kwa Italy Kubadwa Kwatsopano.

ntchito Unknown a Aristotle Fioravanti

Mapulani a mbiri yakale mpaka tsopano akuyesera kuti apeze nyumba amene anamangapo Fioravanti mu Russia. Pali chiphunzitso kuti wamanga wa pomanga Mfundo Cathedral anayenda mozungulira dziko ndipo anatenga gawo pomanga angapo akachisi. Akatswiri ena zakhala zikunena kuti analembedwa ndi St. Nicholas Cathedral ndi agulupa ya St. Anthony Krasnokholmsky Cheremenetsky Yohane zaumulungu obisika. Pali lingaliro, koma palibe umboni weniweni kwa chiphunzitso chimenechi si. Ndipo mwalamulo Aristotle Fioravanti anamanga ku Russia ndi umodzi wa mipingo okongola kwambiri - Mfundo Cathedral mu boma la Russia.

Ulipobe

Sizikudziwika ndendende pamene iye anafa, Aristotle Fioravanti, pa moyo wa wamanga pafupifupi yekha zotsimikizika. M'zaka zaposachedwapa wakhala Russia, koma nthawi ili pafupi analibe umboni uliwonse. Koma deti limeneli imfa - mu 1486 - limasonyeza kuti wamanga anakhala motalika kokwanira mu moyo masiku amenewo (zaka 71 - ichi kwambiri ukalamba m'ma 15).

Moyo mlengi anali mayesero a, atulukira ndi kupambana. Zazikulu tchalitchi anamanga Aristotle Fioravanti, chithunzi chikusonyeza mu ulemerero wake onse. Dzina mfiti muyaya lolembedwa mu mbiri ya dziko makamaka zomangamanga Russian.

Injiniya ndipo wamanga Aristotle Fioravanti, mbiri chithunzi kuti ali kwambiri mawanga woyera, ndi Albucasis anazindikira a Russian sukulu mapulani. mphamvu zake pa fanizo la Russia sangathe n'kofunika. Chifukwa dziko lathu, ndi wamanga chapadera, chifukwa anapanga gulu loyimba ya boma chachikulu cha zovuta ndipo anamanga Mfundo Cathedral mu boma la Russia.

Aristotle Fioravanti, zithunzi za nyumba yomwe lero angapezeke mu chimbale aliyense wapaulendo mu Moscow, anali moona Russian cholowa. Iye anali oona Kubadwa Kwatsopano munthu: kulenga, ophunzira, wokhala Bwino ndi ukulu mfumukazi. moyo wake - chitsanzo cha chikondi cha ntchito yake imene Iye anali wodzipereka kwa mpweya wake wotsiriza.