Mongol-Chitata - mbiri ya Russian dziko la katengedwe

Woyamba Mongol-Chitata nkhondo ya Russia mwa Black Sea steppe inayamba mu zoyambirira za m'ma XIII. Genghis Khan (Temujin) anafuna Choncho kukuza uliri yaikulu imene nthawi ili linayambira ku kugombe la Pacific Ocean kwa Nyanja ya Caspian.

M'chigawo chakumwera wa kugombe la nyanja Black pamene mafuko Polovtsian moyo. Iwo anayamba kuitana pa thandizo la akalonga Russian, kukangana kuti ngati lero Mongol-Chitata anagwira m'mayiko Polovtsian, mawa ndi kufikira ku dziko Russian.

Zikamera wa adani latsopano, sankadziwika wamphamvu, anachititsa mantha kwambiri mu Russia. Only olamulira a m'mayiko kum'mwera anaganiza kuthandiza Polovtsy mu mdani ukapolo. Iwo analumikizana asilikali, koma kwathunthu anagonjetsa Nkhondo ya Kalka Mtsinje. Mongol-Chitata komanso mwadzidzidzi anaganiza abuluke ku dziko Russian pambuyo kupambana kwake.

Mu 1227 unbeaten Khan anafa ndiponso chuma chake chachikulu kale kugawidwa pakati pa ana ake, adzalamulira kupereka zonse pamene Udyog.

Part m'dziko anapita ndi mdzukulu wa Genghis Khan, Batu. Iye anaganiza zongokhala mfundo aukali cha agogo ake ndi kukuza malire chuma chawo chatsopano.

Mu 1236, gulu lalikulu la asilikali a Chitata kutsogoleredwa ndi Batu Khan mosavuta analanda likulu la Volga-Kama Bulgars, mzinda wa Great Bulgaria, ndipo mu 1237 anabwera pafupi ndi malire a Ryazan ukulu. Batu Khan anatumiza nthumwi zake kwa akalonga m'dera kuzindikira ulamuliro wake ndi kugwirizana kupereka chakhumi. Anthu monyadira anayankha, "zako zonse, ngati ife apita."

akalonga Ryazan akatulukire kwa mkulu wa Vladimir. Koma ndiye zotsatira mmene yaitali kugawikana ndi mgwirizano wa Lazaro. Vladimir Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich anaganiza kuti athandize, ndi kukonzekera nkhondo ndi kumenya nkhondo zawo.

Lililonse ukulu Russian anagwira wosimidwa kulimbikira mdani, koma yekha sangathe kulimbana ndi asilikali bungwe la Batu.

Pambuyo pa adani a Ryazan kumtunda, Mongol-Chitata anapita Suzdal. Likulu la ukulu wa mzinda wa Vladimir, analandidwa ndi kutentha. Iwo Pambuyo Rostov, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Tver ndi Suzdal. Padziko lino lapansi palibe mudzi umodzi umene sakanakhala gulu, kupha ndi moto zonse mu njira yake. A Grand Duke Yuri Vsevolodovich anaphedwa mu Nkhondo ya Mtsinje City.

Mu zaka ziwiri, nkhondo ya Chitata anagonjetsa lonse kumpoto cha kum'mawa kwa Russia. Kulimbikira kwambiri aukali anali anthu a m'tauni yaing'ono ya Kozelsk. Pakuti ichi ankhondowo kudula iwo onse kwa munthu, koma mabwinja chokha chimene chatsalira kwa mzinda.

Ndi 1240 asilikali Batu ndi akugwidwa ndi kum'mwera kumadzulo Russian gawo. Mnzako Chernigov ndi Pereyaslavl. M'nyengo yozizira 1240 anali adani a Kiev ndi asilikaliwa. Russia anagonjetsa.

Zaka zingapo zotsatira, chiguluchi anadutsa Hungary, Silesia, Moravia ndi Poland. Koma kodi pali Tartars sakanakhoza kukana nagwa kumbuyo. Oika kumadzulo malire nkhondoyo anakhala Volyn ukulu ndi Chigalashiya.

Kenako, Mongol-Chitata zokhala ku kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Russian Plain ndipo anayambitsa Khanate watsopano - Golden gulu. Mwalamulo, ndi wamng'ono kwa kwambiri Mongol Khan, koma ndinayamba zimachitika palokha. Zolotaya Orda akagamula m'mayiko onse Russian mu Black Sea dera, Urals ndi mbali ya West Siberia steppes.

Chitata Khan sanathetse boma la akalonga Russian, koma ali pa izo. Pambuyo kuzindikira akalonga a mphamvu wapamwamba wa gulu, iwo akhoza mwalamulo kulamulira maukulu awo, kulandira otchedwa "chizindikiro". Batu payekha adzaweruzidwa zomwe akalonga kupulumuka wa ukulu umene kupereka kwa gulu. Mphamvu ya akalonga Russian anthu ake pa nthawi yomweyo kunandithandiza monga iwo tsopano anadalira yaikulu asilikali kunja mphamvu ya Golden gulu.

Anthu onse a maukulu ndi mwatsatanetsatane anasintha ndi umene pa msonkho lolemera. Poyamba, amalipiritsa ake mlandu Baskakov - nduna imodzi ya gulu. Nthawi zina izi zinachitika amalonda wachikunja amene ku chuma chawo kulipira msonkho kwa kukula zinafunika kenako amalowerera yake kwa anthu akuderalo, cashing pa iwo.

Kulanda nkhanza nkhanza mobwerezabwereza wotchedwa wotchuka anthu kutsutsana ndi Chitata. Koma olamulira anayesa kukambirana ndi gulu kuti kubweretsa pa anthu ake awonongedwe. Pa chiyambi cha XIV m'ma Chitata akuluakulu amaona kuti yabwino kupatsa mndandanda wa msonkho mwachindunji akalonga Russian.

Mphamvu ya Golden gulu pang'onopang'ono wofooka - olamulira amphamvu palibepo, ndi internecine Kuthi Khans yekha kukulitsa nkhaniyo. Mu November 1480 mu zipolowe zoopsa ndi a Ugra Mtsinje makamu akalonga Russian anatha kukopa Mongol-Chitata asilikali. Chifukwa cha ankhondowo anakakamizika kubwerera kwawo mbiri. Choncho yatha longstanding Mongol-Chitata goli, Russia anakhala ufulu.