Gastropods: kapangidwe, ntchito yofunika kwambiri, kubalana

Gastropod mollusks, kapena nkhono amaonedwa kalasi m'malo lalikulu la nyama zomwe lero kuli mitundu pafupifupi 100 zikwi. Pafupifupi anthu onse wakale wa gulu zinali zamoyo za m'madzi, amene m'kupita kwa kusanduka asamukira ku lapadziko ndi madzi oyera kupulumuka. Mumadziwika ndi majeremusi nkhono, koma osati kwambiri. N'zochititsa chidwi mitundu ina asamukira kachiwiri njira madzi a moyo, makolo awo anali zamoyo lapansi.

Gastropods: nyumbayi thupi

Thupi la oimira mtundu lagawidwa mutu ofesi, thupi, miyendo akulu. Pa mutu wa mitundu yambiri ndi awiriawiri imodzi kapena ziwiri tentacles. Koma thunthu, ndi asymmetrical ndi kwathunthu mu lakuya. Kumira mu gastropod yofunika ndi ndipamene mwauzimu ndi chiwerengero osiyanasiyana mapini. Mwendo Amagwila nchito kuyenda ndipo akukonzekera - ali yekha wapadera pa underside wa. Mwadzidzidzi, mutu ndi mwendo omangika mkati mthunzi.

Chobvala M'mimbamo wa nyama uli ankasinthana m'munsi chipolopolo. ducts izi kutsegula dongosolo excretory, komanso chotulukira. Ena m'gulu la apa ndi kuchoka ducts cha ziwalo zoberekera. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mbali ya chovala pa moyo m'madzi ali kusanduka kwa makutu, ndi anthu apadziko imapachikidwa kuwala.

Integument anapereka epithelium, amene ali olemera mu zopangitsa yeniyeni yotulutsa ntchofu.

Gastropods: kapangidwe mkati

dongosolo m'mimba akuyamba M'mimbamo m'kamwa, kutsegula limene lili mbali m'munsi a dera mutu. Pakhosi ndi gulu yodziwika bwino yotchedwa radula, umene ndi grater chitin chimene chakudya wasweka ndi akulowa kum'mero. Kenako m'mimba (pano lotseguka kwa chiwindi ducts) ndi intestine, mathero dzenje.

Dongosolo excretory mu mitundu yambiri ankaimira impso wina, ngakhale pali nyama, ndi matupi awiri. Mitsempha ya magazi amatanthauza mtundu lacunarity ndipo imakhala mtima ndi njira mtima zovuta.

dongosolo kupuma ankaimira makutu kapena m'mapapo. Mu nthumwi za m'madzi, monga ulamuliro, izo Tingaone ctenidium kapena chachikulu makutu. Mitundu chomwecho chimene asamukira yachiwiri madzi kupulumuka, gill ntchito amatenga chovala. oimira Ground yodziwika ndi dongosolo zovuta kwambiri m'mapapo, chomwe dongosolo opepuka ndi machubu tracheal, amene diverges ndipo amanyamula mpweya onse ziwalo.

Chabwino anapanga ndi mantha dongosolo, amene amatchedwa mtundu akakufunsani-mfundo. nyama ambiri awiriawiri asanu ganglia zofunika. Dziwani ndi bwino anayamba ziwalo nzeru, kuphatikizapo maso ndi maselo chogwirika.

Gastropods angakhale dioecious (m'madzi mitundu) ndi hermaphrodites (dziko ndi madzi oyera oimira). Umuna zambiri amapezeka mu thupi la mkazi, ndiye iye amaikira mazira. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa nthawi ina gastropod kutchera mazira angapo nthawi imodzi, kupanga zowalamulira.

mazira okutidwa ndi kapisozi ndi chivindikiro ang'onoang'ono pamwamba. Nthawi zina kunja zomangamanga ntchito ntchofu Ufumuyo osabereka chopanda makapisozi. Njira imeneyi ali ndi khalidwe kumbuyo - chilombo gnaws ena dzira kanthu, kenako masamba. Monga chitukuko, zingakhale bwino komanso mosapita kubala mphutsi.

Gastropods: mitundu otchuka

Wotchuka membala wa kalasi ndi otchedwa nkhono. Tikumbukenso kuti gulu lalikulu la nyama akhoza kuwononga mbewu ya mphesa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nkhono mwapadera wamkulu m'mayiko ena amaona kuti kukhala ndi chakudya chokoma mtengo.

Ndipo ena amayi lowani Slug - ndi mollusc ang'ono ndi wotsikirapo lakuya, amene amadyetsa zomera. Ichi ndi tizilombo weniweni wa mbewu masamba, kotero kuti awononge anthu mankhwala ntchito.