Zotsalira zazomera - ichi ... Yopanga wa biofuel

Ngakhale kusukulu, aliyense ayenera kudziwa kufunika kwa "zotsalira zazomera" kwachilengedwenso akuti. Mfundo imeneyi akhoza chimatanthauza kuchotsedwa zamoyo zonse padziko lathuli. M'nkhani ino tikambirana zotsalira zazomera kukodzedwa, ndi chisamaliro chapadera anapatsidwa processing ake. anthu ochepa chabe amene akudziwa kuti amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni - gwero la biofuel. Ife mwachidule njira zonse processing. Nditawerenga nkhani imeneyi, mudzakhala ndi mwayi kudziwa tingaphunzire mu kalasi zamoyo.

zotsalira zazomera

"Zotsalira zazomera" Tiyeni tiyambe ndi zosiyana. Ndi, malinga ndi atsogoleri ambiri, kulemera kwa zinthu zonse zamoyo padziko lathuli. zotsalira zazomera kukhala kuitana biota. Zosintha onse ali olondola. Mwachitsanzo, kutenga zotsalira zazomera dziko lapansi wathu: izo pafupifupi biliyoni 4.5 matani. Gwirizanani, wokongola chidwi chithunzi!

Malingaliro a "biota" ndi "mafuta" ali inextricably zogwirizana. Amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni lofunika wapadera gwero mphamvu. gwero Izi mphamvu lili chofunika kuchuluka kwa mpweya, amene akhoza m'malo mafuta okumba pansi. gwero la mphamvu, yomwe ndi zotsalira zazomera - zongowonjezwdwa. Tsopano mwachindunji mmene processing udzachitika biota.

zotsalira zazomera

Choncho, amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni - chopereka cha zamoyo zonse padziko lapansili. Tsopano kusankha njira yaikulu ya processing. Pali mungachite zotsatirazi kupanga mphamvu zotsalira zazomera:

• choyaka;
• gasification;
• pyrolysis;
• nayonso mphamvu;
• nayonso mphamvu.

zotsalira zazomera zikhoza kusinthidwa n'kukhala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta: madzi, olimba ndiponso gasi. Panopa malangizo patsogolo kwambiri kupeza biofuels ndi kuyaka mwachindunji.

woyaka

Zotsalira zazomera - kuchotsedwa zamoyo zonse, sipangakhalenso lidzasinthidwa mphamvu tiyenera. M'chigawo chino, tikambirana za kusintha kwa njira ambiri - ndi moto.

Chifukwa njirayi ndiyo ntchito? Ndi yosavuta, chifukwa kuyatsa - ndi Chophweka njira kupanga mphamvu. Zinyalala incinerated anapanga nthunzi amayendetsa jenereta ozungulira chofunika kupanga mphamvu.

njira mu funso siligwira ntchito kwa mitundu yonse ya zinthu chifukwa kudzikundikira phulusa mu boilers, amene kumawonjezera mtengo yokonza awo ndipo kumachepetsa zokolola. Choncho kukonzedwa ndi zinthu zina.

gasification

amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni chiyani? zamoyo Izi amachitira ngati misa akaphatikiza wa zamoyo zonse padziko lathuli, mtundu wokha wa gwero mphamvu zongowonjezwdwa. Tsopano mwachidule za ndondomeko ya yobwezeretsanso amatchedwa "gasification".

Njira imeneyi zinachokera pa zotsatira za kutentha pa mafuta olimba. Yodziwika ndi kuyaka mwachindunji mu mpweya kuti okha gwero. Kotero ife tikhoza osiyana mafuta mpweya chifukwa chopangira mphamvu ya mpweya. The osakaniza mafuta akhoza zigwirizana:

• carbon monoxide;
• mpweya woipa;
• asafe;
• haidrojeni;
• dziko.

The ntchito njira imeneyi ndi mapangidwe methane, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa cholinga mofanana gasi.

pyrolysis

Kunena kuti amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni ichi, Maphunziro zamoyo silikukambapo za pyrolysis - akadali njira ina processing, imene zotsalira zazomera (matabwa makamaka) pansi zochita za kutentha ndi kusapezeka kwa mpweya ndi linakwiriridwa mu mankhwala madzi ndi gaseous. Yotsalira zinthu pambuyo pyrolysis ndi makala. Iwo ankaganiza yofanana mphamvu, koma kulemera kwa mafuta olimba pa dongosolo la udzakwaniritsidwa ang'onoang'ono, umene uli yabwino kwambiri zoyendera.

Tsopano anayamba technology Amasandutsa volatiles mafuta mafuta. Yopangidwa motere mpweya ndi opereka kwa chimasanduka ambiri.

nayonso

njira zachokera processing a zotsalira zazomera mabakiteriya anaerobic, okhoza kudya kanthu organic ndi kusintha mu mpweya. Mothandizidwa ndi mabakiteriya izi zingabweretse mphamvu ku manyowa, ngakhale ziweto. Apa chikhalidwe amathandiza munthu. Yotsirizira yekha ayenera efficiently ntchito nzeru kupezeka kupeza mpweya ndi kusanduka (mu ichi dziko mlandu ndi wa hydrogen).

mabakiteriya Anaerobic alipo m'madera palibe mpweya. Malo ambiri ndi m'madambo. N'chifukwa chake pafupi ndi matupi awa madzi ndi twang amenewa.

nayonso

Anthu, anthu kuti apange Mowa ntchito shuga ndi yisiti. Mothandizidwa ndi atsopano zotheka ndondomeko nayonso mphamvu, ndi nayonso mphamvu zimachokera pa mfundo imeneyi. Only kupanga mphamvu zotsalira zazomera ntchito onse osiyanasiyana zipangizo, mpaka kupanga castings nkhuni.

Amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni ndi mafuta

Mu phunziro limeneli, tiyenera kufufuza njira yopanga mphamvu zotsalira zazomera, anakumana ndi zosiyana. Koma tiyenera ananenanso kuti Mowa Ambiri ntchito. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri pamene mafuta zoyendera, ndithudi osati ku mtundu woyera, koma pamene wothira mafuta. Bwino anasonyeza osati zochepa kuwononga mpweya, komanso kunyamula ntchito.