Proxima Centauri. Red atumiki. Dongosolo Alpha Centauri

Proxima Centauri - ndi nyenyezi kuti wapafupi Dziko Lapansi. dzina analandira kuchokera Latin mawu proxima, kutanthauza "mwamsanga". Mtunda ake ku Sun ndi 4,22 kuwala zaka. Komabe, ngakhale kuti nyenyezi ndi kwambiri kwa ife kuposa dzuwa, zitha kuwoneka kudzera zakutali ndi. Ndi ochepa kuti moyo wake unali chosadziwika mpaka 1915. Star mpainiya anali Robert Innes, mkasidi ku Scotland.

Dongosolo nyenyezi, Alpha Centauri

Proxima ndi mbali ya dongosolo Alpha Centauri. Kuwonjezera izo, mulinso nyenyezi ziwiri more: Alpha Centauri A ndi Alpha Centauri B. Iwo kwamphamvu kwambiri ndi zambiri noticeable Proxima. Choncho, nyenyezi ya A, yowala mu kuwundana, ndi pa mtunda wa 4,33 kuwala zaka dzuwa. Njirayi imatchedwa Rigel Centaurus, amene anamasuliridwa kuti "phazi la Centaur." nyenyezi izi ndi dzuwa lofanana ndi lathu. Mwina chifukwa cha kuwala kwake. Mosiyana Proxima Centauri, wakhala kuyambira nthawi yakale monga lomwe mu usiku.

Alpha Centauri B ndi si otsika kuti "mlongo" wa kuwala. Awiriwa - kutseka dongosolo bayinare. Proxima Centauri ndi patali mokwanira kuwachokera. Pakati pa nyenyezi - mtunda wa mayunitsi khumi zikwi zakuthambo (ili kutali kuposa ku Sun lonse lapansi Neptune mu nthawi zambiri anayi!).

Onse Centauri dongosolo nyenyezi makina mozungulira malo awo wamba misa. Proxima yekha limayenda pang'onopang'ono pa chithandizo wake amatenga zaka mamiliyoni ambiri. Choncho, nyenyezi idzakhala nthawi yaitali kwambiri kukhala pafupi kwambiri kwa Earth.

oche-

Nyenyezi Proxima Centauri sikuti kwambiri a magulu kwa ife, komanso laling'ono. misa ndi kakang'ono kuti sadzachitanso zokwanira kuthandiza njira ya mapangidwe helium ku haidrojeni zofunika kukhalapo. Nyenyezi Kuwala kochepa kwambiri. Proxima ndi zosavuta dzuwa kwinakwake kasanu. Ndipo pamwamba pake kutentha kwambiri m'munsi, "yekha" madigiri zikwi zitatu. Kuwala Proxima amapereka Sun handiredi ndi fifite nthawi.

atumiki wofiira

Little nyenyezi Proxima amatanthauza kawalidwe kalasi M ndi luminosity otsika kwambiri. Podziwika imatchedwanso zakuthambo mu kalasi - atumiki wofiira. Nyenyezi ndi misa kakang'ono - zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri. Kapangidwe awo mkati kungafanane ndi kapangidwe ka mapulaneti aakulu monga Jupiter. Thunthu la atumiki wofiira mu boma zosowa. Komanso, pali mfundo kuti dzikoli, lomwe ili pafupi nyenyezi izi, angakhale oyenera moyo.

atumiki Red moyo nthawi yaitali kwambiri, wautali kuposa nyenyezi zina. Iwo akuchedwa kwambiri kusintha. zochita aliyense nyukiliya m'kati kuyamba kuyenda yekha mu zaka zingapo biliyoni atabadwa. The moyo wa nyenyezi yaing'ono wofiira kwambiri kuposa kuli chilengedwe chonse! Choncho, mu tsogolo-kutali, pamene uchoka osati nyenyezi limodzi ngati Dzuwa, nyenyezi yaing'ono wofiira Proxima Centauri n'zomvetsa kuzimiririka kukuwala motani mumdima m'mlengalenga.

Ambiri, atumiki wofiira - nyenyezi ambiri mu mlalang'amba wathu. 80% ya matupi Nyenyezi onse a Milky Way ndi iwo. Ndipo pano pali chododometsa: ali wosaoneka kwathunthu! Apoyera simutha kuzindikira aliyense wa iwo.

kayesedwe

Kufikira tsopano, luso molondola kuyeza kukula kwa nyenyezi izi yaing'ono monga atumiki wofiira chabe sikunali kotheka chifukwa luminosity awo otsika. Koma lero vuto ili anathana ndi ntchito yapadera VLT-interferometer (VLT - chidule kwa Telescope Large Kwambiri). chipangizo ichi, ntchito pamaziko a lalikulu telesikopu awiri 8.2-mita wa VLT ili Paranal zakuthambo Observatory (ESO). Awa awiri akuluakulu zakutali, kutali Chrixitu pa mamita 102,4, kuyeza zinthu zakuthambo mwandondomeko yotereyi, amene Sangathe kugula zipangizo zina. Popeza Geneva Observatory asayansi kwa nthawi yoyamba ali miyeso enieni a nyenyezi yaing'ono.

zimasintha Centauri

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake Proxima Centauri malire pakati pa nyenyezi weniweni, mayiko ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono bulauni. Komabe, ndi nyenyezi. Unyinji ndi awiri a amapanga thupi chiwiri, ndi m'mimba mwake kwa dzuwa motero. Nyenyezi yaikulu kuposa dziko Jupiter, nthawi zana ndi makumi asanu, koma akulemera chimodzi ndi theka nthawi zochepa. Ngati Proxima Centauri kulemedwa ngakhale zochepa, izo zikanakhala sitingakhale kukhala nyenyezi: sizikanakhala wa hydrogen zokwanira m'katikati ake, zimatulutsa kuwala. Pankhaniyi, izo zikanakhala yachibadwa bulauni nyenyezi yaing'ono (T. E. Akufa), osati nyenyezi weniweni.

Proxima palokha - kwambiri kuthima thupi lakumwamba. Bwinobwino luminosity ake ukufika zosaposa 11m. Bright iye kukonza okha zithunzi anatengedwa telesikopu yaikulu, monga Mwachitsanzo, "Hubble". Komabe nthawi zina, nyenyezi kuwala kwambiri ndi kwambiri kumatheka. Asayansi kufotokoza izi chifukwa chakuti Proxima Centauri ali wa kalasi otchedwa oyaka, kapena wayaka, nyenyezi. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kubuka chiwawa padziko kuti chifukwa cha njira yovuta convection. Iwo penapake ofanana ndi zimene zimachitika padziko lapansi pano, kokha kwambiri mphamvu, amene ngakhale kumabweretsa kusintha kuwala kwa nyenyezi.

Komabe kamwana

Izi njira zachiwawa ndi ndimakwiya amati zochita nyukiliya zikuchitika mu kuya kwa Proxima Centauri, sanayambebe okhazikika. The anapeza asayansi: akadali aang'ono nyenyezi mfundo za chilengedwe cha. Ngakhale msinkhu wake n'zofanana kwa zaka dzuwa wathu. Komabe, Proxima - ndi nyenyezi yaing'ono wofiira, chotero sangathe kuchifanizira. Ndipotu, monga ena "Abale wofiira", zidzakhala wochedwa ndi ndalama kufukiza mafuta awo nyukiliya, choncho kuwala nthawi yaitali - pafupifupi nthawi yaitali kuposa chilengedwe chonse! Kodi kwenikweni kumeneko kulankhula za dzuwa ...

zopeka olemba ambiri amakhulupirira kuti Proxima Centauri - abwino kwambiri kufufuza malo ndi ulendo nyenyezi. Ena amakhulupirira kuti amabisa chilengedwe cha dziko, kumene mukhoza kukumana mitundu ina. Mwina choncho, koma izo ndi mtunda kuchokera Earth kuti Proxima Centauri - oposa anayi kuwala zaka. Choncho, ngakhale kuti iye ndi apafupi, koma akadali kutali.