Icon kulemba Aigupto: dzina ndi zikuwoneka ngati

Ancient Egypt. Only dzina lina la dziko lino ndi lingaliro la chinsinsi ndi mwambi, chinsinsi ndi matsenga ena. Kuchokera m'mphepete uwu wa Nile zonse madzi kumafuna zambiri nthano, zinsinsi ndi zosaiŵalika. Ndani amene ankafuna kuti manja awo pa chuma lodziwika bwino Farao? Ndani amene anamva za temberero wa akulu a boma? Ndani amene analota kamodzi pa moyo kukaona kunayambira chitukuko anthu, ndi kukhudza mpanda, anagogoda Mwiguputo kalata mafano? Mwina anthu amenewa kupeza, chifukwa pano mwala uliwonse amapuma mbiri. Ndipo chidutswa chirichonse amatha kuyenda pa nthawi imene anthu ankalambira milungu ndi mitu nyama.

Culture mu Nile Valley

dziko Izi ndi zosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu ina wakale, nthano zake, mfundo, chipembedzo ndi chikhalidwe. Monga zimasiyanasiyana makalata ambiri mafano Aigupto ku makalata a dziko wakale, Foinike Mesopotamia. Mpaka pano asayansi anazunguzika pa kopita woona wa mapiramidi chadzaoneni. Ife, anthu a zaka za Zikuoneka chotheka kumanga manda achikumbutso Farao ndi. Ndiponso, bwinobwino chifukwa chimene anthu a Nile chigwa atakumba mwala masinfikisi - mkango kudya ndi mutu wa munthu. Ife tikudziwa kwambiri za miyambo ya Aigupto, mkulu mlingo wa chitukuko cha sayansi, sayansi ya mankhwala, zomangamanga. Koma nthawi yomweyo tili ambirimbiri mafunso sizinachitike anayankha.

dongosolo kulemba

Mkulu chikhalidwe dziko anafuna kutukula kulemba. Ndiyeno mu Nile Valley mu Zakachikwi chachinayi BC. Poyamba, aliyense kalata ya chizindikiro cha Aigupto zinthu anasonyeza, adayima pa. Mwachitsanzo, dzuwa akufotokozedwa bwalo ndi dontho pakati, madzi - ochepa wavy mizere ndi zina zotero. Koma zimakhala zovuta kupereka chithunzithunzi cha dzina la mulungu kapena farao. Choncho, Aigupto anapeza - ankauza mawu mu syllables ndi mawu anasankhidwa lililonse khalidwe ziwalo. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu anali kulemba mawu tirigu (Peret), ndi syllable woyamba anali Mwiguputo kulemba chizindikiro kusonyeza kunyumba (pa).

Tikumbukenso kuti dongosolo inali yovuta kwambiri, kotero alembi anali ulemu wapadera pa bwalo la Farao. Koma ichi iwo anali mwakhama kuphunzira.

Zipangizo mabuku

Monga tanena kale, Mwiguputoyo kalata mafano dzina lake ndi losavuta - chikhalidwe ndi dongosolo lotchedwa hieroglyphics. Tsopano ife tikufuna, ndiponso pa ntchito anthu a m'mayiko Wamkulu Hapi kulenga mabuku awo. Letters anagogoda miyala ndi miyala pa makoma a akachisi, nyumba zachifumu ndiponso manda, pa mbiya, mbale zitsulo, matabwa mbale, lona. Koma nkhani ambiri anali amtunduwu, omwe udali pa magombe a mtsinje wopatulika.

Kuti akonze pepala "pepala" nzimbe kudula lengthwise mu magawo awiri ndi delaminated. n'kupanga ndiye anali madzi ndi kuli zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo pa tebulo mu dongosolo makamaka. Kenako, muyenera kukhala uniformly kukakamiza mosungiramo thanthwe kapena ndodo wozungulira - choncho Stavan kwenikweni monolithic ndi cholimba. Pambuyo kuyanika, gumbwa zinali zoyenera ntchito kulemba malonda. Ntchito mpaka bango Wand ndi inks wapadera pepala wopindidwa ndi womangidwa ndi ulusi. masikono izi zikhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali popanda kutaya uthenga wofunika kwambiri. Kuti iwo ndi asayansi pa zofukulidwa.

kuchita zilembo Kodi

The funso chidwi ndi chifukwa chake pali Mwiguputo kalata mafano. Mu Egypt yakale ndalama zachuma osati Mwachitsanzo, mmene akapolo ambiri ankagwira ntchito yomanga, angati, ndi wotani chakudya anapatsidwa, momwe ndalama zambiri analipira ichi kapena zinthu zina. Amene akutchulidwa ndi kuzokotedwa pa miyala, anthu anatitulutsa adzidzidzi awo, amakamba za zikhulupiriro zawo za chisoni cha munthu wakufa. Palinso ntchito kwenikweni zolembalemba, nthano, nkhani amunamuna a m'madera akutali, pa mavuto a anthu wamba. Nthawi zambiri, akatswiri anapeza zinthu zina zolembedwa kuti kuwerenga cha zolakwa nkhanza komanso zinthu zopanda chilungamo, amakakamizidwa kupirira anthu osauka amazikonda anthu otchuka. Koma ambiri a m'nkhaniyi analemba nyimbo milungu, zofuna za womwalirayo nyimbo zimene zinathandiza moyo kupita ku moyo wina pambuyo.

The decryption chovuta

Dziwani kuti dziko Western kwa nthawi yaitali sankadziwa tanthauzo lililonse kalata ya chizindikiro cha Iguputo. Yankho la funso limeneli anapezeka Patapita ulamuliro wa Napoleon Bonaparte. Young ndi luso asilikali mtsogoleri amene fanolo ndi Alexander Wamkulu ankafuna kugonjetsa dziko. Zolemba naye anatenga asayansi ndi ojambula zithunzi, ofufuza ndi mbiri yakale. Choncho Europe ali woyanjana ndi chikhalidwe cha Iguputo. Ndiye pali anatulukira ndi Rosetta Stone, amene anathandiza Jean Champollion, anzeru katswiri zinenero zakale, kumasulira chinsinsi cha hieroglyphics. Zaka ntchito mwakhama - ndipo akufa anayamba kulankhula miyala kwa nthawi makedzana! Ndipo tsopano aliyense akhoza mosadalira kuwerenga kalata mwachinsinsi.