"Alania" - National Park, Russia: chithunzi ndi kufotokozera

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kukuuzani malo okongola Ossetia amatchedwa "Alania". National Park unakhazikitsidwa mu 1998, ndipo kuyambira gulu lake sindileka ntchito zawo, ndi malangizo angapo.

Mbiri ya Park

"Alania" - paki dziko analenga kusunga wapadera maofesi zachilengedwe a North Ossetia. Kuwonjezera ntchito zachilengedwe mu malo ali maphunziro ndi sayansi ntchito yogwira. Imodzi mwa ntchito yaikulu ya anthu ogwira ntchito paki - ndi chilengedwe cha zinthu zabwino chitukuko zokopa alendo ku dera limeneli.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo osungirako m'dera lino anakweza mobwerezabwereza kuyambira makumi asanu ndi. Chinthu choyamba anatengedwa umenewu anali gulu la malo oyamba "Tseyskoe", ili mu zone Piedmont. Kenako, monga zowonjezerazo nayenso minda kusaka amagwiritsidwa: "Turmon", "Mahchesky", "Saur", "Zmeyskaya Nicholas", "Zamankulsky". Ndipo mu 1967, North Ossetian Reserve (boma) wakhala bungwe panobe.

Kufunika kwa gulu la paki zinachitikadi ndithu nkhani zambirimbiri mabwalo osiyana ndi mbali zosiyanasiyana. M'pake lingaliro pa pochimanga yosainidwa mu 1998. Malinga ndi iye, "Alania" - paki mayiko, amene anachititsa kafukufuku, maphunziro ndi ntchito zachilengedwe. Mwa malo ndi chiwerengero mokwanira lalikulu la zipilala chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale.

Location

Park National la Russia "Alania" lili pa otsetsereka a kumpoto kwa chigawo chapakati cha Caucasus. Kumbali zonse wazunguliridwa ndi gawo la unyolo wa zitunda mkulu. Mukhoza kumeneko yekha ndi msewu umodzi phiri, kudutsa chigwa cha chigwa Ahsinta Urukh Mtsinje. "Alania" - paki dziko ili m'dera lamapiri. Kutalika osachepera dziko lake - mamita 1,100 pamwamba pa nyanja ndi pazipita mamita 4646 (a phiri Uilpata). Malo okwana malo ndi mahekitala 54926.

South paki dziko kumalire ndi Georgia pa Main Caucasus, ndi kumadzulo - kuti Kabardino-Balkan Nature Reserve, akuthamanga pamodzi kumalire a kum'mawa kwa North Ossetian Reserve.

Pa gawo la "Alania" walembedwa kusiyanitsidwa chitetezo boma zochokera m'mbiri, chikhalidwe, zachilengedwe, chuma ndi zina mbali. paki lagawidwa madera awa: zachuma cholinga, chitetezo, chithandizo chapadera, ankatetezedwa ndi kusungidwa.

nyengo

Mkati m'mapiri a ku North Caucasus pali wapadera phiri nyengo. Iwo amakhala ndi nyengo yaitali ozizira ndi waufupi m'chilimwe ozizira. Komanso, pali zonation ofukula ndi zosiyanasiyana microclimates. Kwakukulu okwera, m'munsi kutentha mpweya ndi kuthamanga mumlengalenga, ndipo mogwirizana kumaonjezera kuchuluka ndi mlingo wa mpweya. Nyengo ya "Alania" ndi kotentha chokhala. Iwo chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mvula mu kasupe ndi chirimwe. Chimathandiza ndi zitunda, maphompho mabeseni intermountain, komanso cheza dzuwa kwambiri kusokoneza kufalitsa ambiri, imbaenda kuli zosiyanasiyana zinthu yaying'ono-nyengo.

Ndi kuwonjezeka mu msinkhu cheza ndi avareji khumi peresenti iliyonse mamita 1,000.

mpumulo

National Park "Alania" (chithunzi anapatsidwa m'nkhani) ndi dera sakanikira. Reserve machitidwe lapansi zovuta zigwirizana zitunda, omwe analekana ndi maphompho yopapatiza ndi zigwa phiri mitsinje, atachuluka zake ndi zomera herbaceous. Nkhalango yokutidwa% 21 zokha za gawolo, koma zitsamba - pafupifupi 75%. Pa gawo chionekera magulu atatu a zitunda phiri, amene kuwonjezera zayamba ikufanana wina ndi mnzake ulemu kwa kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa kum'mwera chakum'mawa.

Kumwera kwa dera ndi yayikulu wa iwo - ndi okulira chachikulu, Ayala china kumpoto, ndi kuseri kwa icho - miyala lokwera.

malo mtsinje

Urukh Mtsinje ndi waterway chachikulu cha m'dera limeneli. Yaikulu ya makhwawa wake - Nargidon, Songutidon, Bilyagidon. mitsinje ndi makamaka chakudya oundana. Pabwalopo pali oposa 70 Mitsinje. Koma Nyanja Reserve ochepa, akuchokera glacial. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo: Mikelay ndi Fastgaskoe.

zomera

Kodi chidwi, "Alania" (National Park)? Kufotokozera za malo siikanati wathunthu ngati si kunena mawu ochepa za zomera. Pakuti dera lino, yodziwika ndi zone okwera. Pali bwino ankaimira mitundu yonse ya phiri paini, mlombwa mitengo, paini ndi nkhalango birch, mumamera ndi hornbeam kakwamba, ya m'mapiri komanso madambo subalpine. Ambiri, nkhalango kuphimba pafupifupi chachisanu za gawolo. Anabisa pafupifupi onse otsetsereka. Ndipo zigwa za alder kukula. Pa otsetsereka a kumpoto kwa magulu ang'ono kukula nkhalango mumamera. Koma popeza m'malo mwa birch wamtali ndi maples. Otsetsereka kum'mwera okutidwa ndi thundu ndipo otuwira.

Pamwamba pa lamba nkhalango ndi madambo subalpine amene kukula mbewu monga chimanga: Calamagrostis trostnikovidnogo, fescue Timoteyo. Ambiri, nyama ya paki mitundu yokwana zoposa zikwi za zomera zosiyanasiyana. Apa mungapeze 200 mitundu kuderako wa Caucasus, palinso anthu amene ali okha North Ossetia. Mu malo pali kokha oposa 70 mitundu ya mitengo. Koma zitsamba m'mapiri kukula mlombwa, barberry, buckthorn, chilombo ananyamuka.

Pabwalopo pali mitundu yoposa 130 bowa, lomwe ndi boletus ochuluka kuposa, woyera, Aspen, russula ndi boletus.

"Alania" (National Park): nyama

The zomera za malo ndi chuma chambiri ndiponso zosiyanasiyana, chifukwa kukhalapo kwa mitunda osiyana. paki analemba mitundu 34 zokha nyama, Pakati chidwi kwambiri ndi chinkhoma East-Caucasus ndi maulendo. Koma mu nkhalango wosanganiza ndi kunyumba kwa zimbalangondo bulauni, nguluwe ndi mbawala yamphongo roe. The ogwirira wamng'ono malo akhoza ankaona ngati nkhandwe ndi marten. Komanso miyoyo ermine mu mwala scree. Mu nkhalango lonyowa deciduous pali shrews.

No zochepa olemera ndi dziko mbalame paki. Okwana pali 116 mitundu ya mbalame, pakati pawo pali oimira mitundu kumpoto kuti atagonjetsa kuno ku m'dera limeneli: bullfinch, crossbill, kadzidzi, blackbird. Komanso pabwalopo ali kunyumba kwa mbalame za zomera ku Ulaya, ku Mediterranean ndi ku Central Asia. Chotero zosiyanasiyana mitundu chifukwa cha zinthu Hrs wa Caucasus. Ndi kunyumba kwa mbalame, ngakhale anthu amene anabwera kuno pa nthawi ya Ice Age anapanga kuyambira pamenepo ambiri subspecies.

Koma zokwawa si lambiri pabwalopo. Apa iwo okhala mitundu yonse atatu.

ogwira ntchito

antchito Park zikugwira osati ntchito ya sayansi, komanso maphunziro ndi ndondomeko iyi ikukhudza sukulu, chisanadze sukulu, zasekondale ndi maphunziro ngakhale apamwamba zotheka. Kuthandiza ndodo ya malo lisanalengedwe, mongodzipereka gulu kutetezela "Alania" National Park, amene mamembala kuthandiza bungwe mitundu yonse ya zochitika ndi zinthu kulera kuzindikira anthu ndi mabungwe mavuto a m'deralo. Antchito a m'dera limeneli pali vuto osati kuteteza ndi kuwonjezera nyama ndi zomera, komanso zinthu powazindikiritsa pakati pa anthu ambiri.

Mwatsoka, ngati wambirimbiri antchito ntchito sangakwanitse, kotero iwo akuyesera kuyeza mphamvu kuthandiza anthu odzipereka.

zokopa zachilengedwe

Pabwalopo pali zambiri zokopa achilengedwe. Mmodzi wa iwo anafotokoza glacier Karagum lomwe lili m'dera lonse la khamu Uilpata kumpoto. Malo ndi makilomita oposa 35 lalikulu. Nkhani ina glacier ndi chakuti iwo ukupita pansi bwino pansipa onse Caucasus oundana chigwa.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Tinapita ku paki ndi kutiletsa akunja. Komabe, utsogoleli akulandira ofunsira maulendo motsogozedwa imachitika kokha mu malo ena. Ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti paki lili m'dera malire, koma chifukwa mosamalitsa kutetezedwa ngakhale mawu a ulamuliro malire. Ambiri, m'pofunika amatsindika kufunika zosaneneka wochokera mfundo za sayansi view, "Alania" (National Park). Mwachidule mu nkhani yochepa sikutheka kukuuzani inu momwe dziko wolemera malo, amene angatchedwe ngale Ossetia.