Anthu National la Dagestan: mndandanda

Kupeza yekha mu Caucasus, makamaka Dagestan, dera inu kumvetsa pa nthawi - zikuwoneka kukhala yemweyo pa anthu woyamba wa dziko lino wochereza alendo, ndi kwenikweni osiyana kwambiri. Pa nthaka yomweyi pali miyambo yosiyanasiyana, miyambo, chinenero ngakhalenso chilankhulo. Zachitikiranji zimenezi? Ethnographers kunena motsimikiza: mu Republic of Dagestan, dera anthu 33 moyo. Timaphunzira za iwo pang'ono.

dziko mu Dagestan

M'dziko lina iwo akutchedwa kuwundana wapadera wa amitundu. Ponena za mtundu wa Dagestan, dera chiwerengero chawo n'zovuta kuwerengera. Komabe, tidziwa kuti anthu onse anawagawa mabanja atatu chinenero chachikulu. Choyamba - Nakh-Dagestani nthambi zokhuza banja chinenero Spain ameneŵa-Caucasus. Chachiwiri - Turkic gulu. Chachitatu - ndi m'mayiko a European banja chinenero.

Mu Republic palibe mfundo "titular dziko", koma zotsatira zake zandale akugwirabe ntchito kwa oimira 14 mayiko. Dagestan ndi pakati pa zigawo ambiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana a Russia, ndi madera ake lero pali anthu oposa 3 miliyoni.

A mowonjezera za mabanja chinenero

Monga tanena kale, dziko la Dagestan dziko anawagawa zinenero zitatu. The choyamba - Nakh-Dagestani nthambi - ndi Avars, Chechens, Tsakhurs, anthu akhvakh, karata anthu, Lezgins, Laks, Rutuls, Aguls, Tabasarans. Komanso amdera lino tichipeza Andi, anthu botlikh, anthu godoberi, oimira Tyndall chamalyaltsy, anthu bagvalal, anthu khwarshi, tsez anthu, bezhta anthu, Hunzib, anthu hinukh, Archi. gulu komanso kuimira Dargins, ndi Kubachins kaytagtsy. Chachiwiri banja - Turkic - umaimiridwa ndi mafuko awa: Kumyks, Azeris, Nogai.

Gulu lachitatu - m'mayiko a European - wapangidwa Russian, Tats, Mountain Ayuda. Umo ndi momwe lero yang'anani za mtundu mu Dagestan. Mndandanda limabwezeretsa mitundu zochepa kudziwika.

Avars

Ngakhale kuti dziko alibe unzika titular, mwa Dagestani tidakali magawano mu kwambiri ndi zochepa ambiri ankaimira Dagestan dziko (chiwerengero). Avars - anthu ambiri kwambiri Dagestan Region (anthu 912 zikwi, kapena 29% ya chonse cha anthu ..). m'dera lawo lalikulu la malawi ndi m'madera kumadzulo kwa mapiri Dagestan. Anthu akumidzi chimachititsa ambiri Avars ya chonse cha anthu, ndi kuthetsa yawo ikadzawadzera pafupifupi m'madera 22. Izi m'gulu mitundu Ando-Tsez zokhudza iwo, ndipo Archi. Kale otchedwa Avars Avars, monga iwo nthawi zambiri amatchedwa tavlintsami kapena Lezgins. Dzina "ngozi" mtundu walandira m'dzina la mfumu akale a ngozi, amene analamulira Ufumu wa Sair.

Dargin

Mtundu amakhala Dagestan? Achiwiri kukula fuko imatengedwa kuti Dargin (16.9% ya anthu, limene mawu zikutanthauza 490,3 zikwi. Pers.). Oimira anthu moyo makamaka m'madera amapiri ndi foothill la Dagestan pakati. Pamaso zitasintha, Dargin otchedwa pang'ono mosiyana - akushintsy ndi Lezgins. Okwana , fuko ili ndi zigawo 16 a dziko. Dargins mukukhulupirira gulu la Sunni Muslim.

Mu zaka zapitazi, chiwerengero cha Dargin pafupi likulu la Dagestan - Makhachkala - anayamba kuculuka kwambiri. Chinthu chomwecho chimachitika ndi Caspian nyanja. Dargins ankaona kwambiri malonda ndiponso amisiri pakati pa anthu ambiri. gulu mtundu unakhazikitsidwa kwa zaka zambiri malo kuyenda zamalonda, amene unakhudzadi kwambiri mu mawonekedwe a moyo national.

Kumyks

Dziwani zambiri mtundu amakhala Dagestan. Kumyks ndi ndani? Ndi anthu waukulu Turkic mu North Caucasus, umene waukulu wachitatu mwa mafuko a Dagestan (431.7 anthu zikwi - .. 14,8%).

Kumyks padziko m'tsinde ndipo zigwa m'chigawo cha dziko, agwilitse okwana zigawo 7. Iwo ali anthu a ulimi chikhalidwe, molimba zitakhazikika pa malo osankhidwa izi. Mu fuko lino bwino anayamba ulimi, usodzi. Palinso oposa 70% ya chuma cha dziko lonse. Kumyks chikhalidwe dziko wolemera kwambiri ndi choyambirira njira yake - ndipo mabuku, ndi nthano ndi luso losiyanasiyana. Ena mwa iwo ndi ambiri otchuka sportsmen-nkhondo. Komabe, vuto ndi anthu amene Kumyks akuimira dziko la Dagestan, dera kuphatikizapo anthu ambiri osaphunzira.

Lezghins

Choncho, tinaphunzira za anthu dziko la Dagestan. A pang'ono nakhudza atatu mitundu kutsogolera. Koma kungakhale kulakwa kuti bwanji ngakhale ena a mafuko a dzikoli. Mwachitsanzo, Lezgins (385.2 zikwi. Pers., Kapena 13,2% ya anthu). Iwo okhala m'zigwa, zomwe zili ndi foothill zigawo Dagestan. Gawo lawo mbiri ankaona kuti malo moyandikana la Republic lero ndi oyandikana ake Azerbaijan. Lezgins ayenera kunyadira mbiri yake wolemera motsatizana kwa nthawi zakale. Gawo lawo linali limodzi mwa mayiko loyamba la Caucasus.

Today Lezghins kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. Komanso, lino ndi fuko kwambiri pankhondo, choncho kwambiri "chamoto". m'mayiko ambiri Dagestan? Mndandanda akanakhoza kupita nthawi yayitali.

Russian ndi Laks

A mawu ochepa ziyenera kunenedwa za oimira dziko Chirasha. Iwo amaimira dziko Dagestan okhala makamaka Caspian ndipo pafupi Makhachkala. Kwambiri Russian (104 zikwi., 3.6%) angapezeke mu Kizlyar, kumene amakhala, oposa theka la chonse cha anthu. N'kosatheka kukumbukira Laks (161.2 thous., 5.5% ya anthu), yomwe ndi nthawi zakale padziko chigawo chapakati cha phiri Dagestan.

Ndi chifukwa cha Laks mu dziko panali woyambirira chikale Muslim boma. Iwo anazindikira ambuye ntchito zonse - Choyamba amisiri Caucasus anachokera mtundu umenewu. Lero, mankhwala Lak zimakhudzidwa Mpikisano osiyanasiyana padziko lonse, nduna malo abwino ulemu.

Small mitundu ya Dagestan

Kungakhale kum'lakwira kulankhula kokha za oimira ambiri a dzikoli. Anthu ambiri ka mabwalo - (. 9.7 zikwi, 0,3%) Tsakhurs. Awa makamaka okhala m'midzi, amene ali m'chigawo Rutul. M'mizinda Tsakhurs pafupifupi palibe. Kenako zing'onozing'ono mtundu - Aguls (2.8 zikwi, 0,9%.). Iwo amakhala makamaka Agulsky District, komanso ambiri amakhala ku midzi.

Agulla angapezeke mu Makhachkala, Dagestan Derbent ndi magetsi. Anthu enanso ochepa Dagestan - Rutuls (27, 8 TH, 0,9%.). Iwo okhala m'dera la kum'mwera. chiwerengero chawo si zambiri Aguls - kusiyana ndi mu osiyanasiyana okhala 1-1.5 zikwi. Rutuls kuyesa kumamatira kwa achibale awo, choncho nthawi zonse anapanga m'magulu ang'onoang'ono. Chechens (92.6 zikwi, 3.2%.) - ndi maganizo kwambiri zachiwawa ndiponso ndewu ya mtunduwu. chiwerengero cha mtundu umenewu zinali zambiri. Komabe, ntchito asilikali Chechnya zinakhudza zinthu zaziwerengero. Today Chechens akhoza amati ndi mayiko ochepa a Republic of Dagestan.

chifukwa

Choncho kodi mitundu ya Dagestan ndi zofunika kwambiri? Yankho akhoza kukhala mmodzi yekha - onse. Pamene iwo amati za mabwalo a Dagestan - mtundu wa kaphatikizidwe magulu a anthu osiyanasiyana. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pafupifupi dziko uli ndi chilankhulo chake, zomwe n'zosiyana kwambiri ndi anansi ake. mitundu angati akukhala Dagestan - miyambo yambiri, miyambo ndi peculiarities wa moyo alipo mu dziko lino dzuwa.

Mu zinenero Dagestani 36 mitundu kutchulidwa anthu. Izi, kumene, kumathandiza kuti zovuta kulankhulana pakati pa anthu a mitundu awa. Koma mapeto tiyenera kudziwa chinthu chimodzi - anthu Dagestan, dera m'mayiko ambiri likuimira ali mbiri yake m'mbuyomu, zomwe wafunsira lero osiyanasiyana, chidwi ndi zosiyana kwa wina ndi mzake dziko fuko la dziko. Onetsetsani kukaona malo awa - mudzakhala bondo! Inu mokondwera kukumana paliponse m'dzikoli.