Montagu a Harrier, mbalame yolusa banja Accipitridae: kufotokoza, malo okhala

M'nkhaniyi tiona Mbalame zodya nyama, chimene chikuimira umodzi wa mitundu isanu Mphamba kukaikira mazira pa gawo lalikulu la Russia. Iye amakhala ndi kunja dziko lathu.

Nthawi zambiri, mbalame Russia - nambala yaikulu mitundu yosiyanasiyana zopezeka expanses zedi dziko. Makamaka kuti nyengo ndiponso madera zinthu apa amakulolani kusankha malo oyenerera kwa mitundu wina mbalame.

Mu zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, Montagu a Harrier, tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino, ankhaimilira ochuluka kuposa mbalame za mtundu uwu. Pakali pano, zinthu zafika poipa kwambiri.

Kufalitsa ndi malo

mbalame kuchokera kabawi wagawo wa banja Accipitridae.

Malo iwo lonse zokwanira. Montagu a Harrier makamaka kufalitsidwa ku mbali zotsatirazi:

• Europe ndi ku Asia (kum'mawa kwa Altai);
• North-West Africa;
• Western Siberia (kumpoto kwa Tyumen, Krasnoyarsk ndi packagings);
• dera Omsk (sanali mitengo malo).

Mwachizolowezi malo - steppe ndi nkhalango pafupi zithaphwi ndi nyanja, madambo yonyowa, ndi pakati pa mayiko ambiri ulimi. Only m'madera ena iwo kudutsa ku dera nkhalango.

Lun tchire: kufotokoza

mbalame ali ndi kukula ndi pafupifupi (zikuluzikulu pang'ono kuposa khwangwala lun) ndi mchira wautali ndi mapiko m'malo chachikulu. The mwamuna wamkulu (ziri mu chaka wa 4 wa moyo) kumbuyo ali slate-buluu imvi mtundu (ndi pang'ono akuda kuposa mu steppe), ndipo nadhvoste yochitidwa imvi kapena zofiirira akuda. Chotupa chija, pakhosi ndi chifuwa bluish-imvi. Mbali m'mimba ndi undertail - woyera ndi pabuka yopapatiza chitsanzo kotenga.

Chachikulu kutsogolo mahovye mapiko wakuda kwathunthu, chiwongolero pafupifupi ndi imvi, mbali - yochitidwa ndi utoto mtanda chitsanzo.

Young Montagu a Harrier ali ndi mdima-bulauni dorsally, ndi m'mbali buffy pa nthenga. ventral mbali - ofiira kapena ocher. The chiombankhanga ndi mulomo - wakuda ndi miyendo ndi cere chikasu.

Diso Iris mu mbalame wamkulu yowala chikasu, pamene bulauni wamng'ono. Liwu la mbalame kapena jarring ( "Pierre-Pirro -...") kapena kuwakhadzula ( "pachimake ndi pachimake ndi pachimake -...").

Kusiyana pakati pa akazi kwa mwamuna

Kodi kusiyana kunja, zochokera jenda, ali Harrier dambo? Yaikazi zambiri zikuluzikulu kukula wamwamuna. Kusiyana kusintha mtundu ndi zaka amuna ndi akazi Montagu a Harrier ndi chidwi. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa amuna achikulire (pa 4 Zaka) kuti mbali dorsal ndi pabuka-bluish mtundu.

akazi achikulire ofanana kwambiri mkazi harriers kumunda, koma ali nadhvoste brownish kulemba kotenga. Kumbuyo ndi zofiirira ndi woyera ndi dusky nadhvoste pestrinkami dontho woboola pakati. Mimba ndi yochitidwa mbalame ndi utoto chitsanzo kotenga. Utsogoleri ndi kukupiza mapiko - imvi bulauni, Mzere yopingasa.

Juveniles a amuna ndi akazi mu chaka choyamba cha moyo ndi pafupifupi chimodzimodzi mbali kunja.

mbalame Makulidwe

Montagu a Harrier kawirikawiri amakhala yolemera ku magalamu 260 ndi 380. N'zosavuta kuwuluka. Mitengo sakukhala pansi.

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, mbalame zimenezi zochepa Harrier. Cacikulu kutalika ndi kwa masentimita 40 ndi 52, ndi mapiko ndi kutalika kwa masentimita mpaka 115. Utali wa mapiko wina ukufika 39 masentimita.

njira ya moyo

Anafotokozedwa ndi mbalame zosamukasamuka pa malo awo okhala (kukaikira mazira) zambiri akadzafika mu mochedwa April. harrier Montagu chimamangirira chisa pansi mu dambo yonyowa kapena pafupi madzi. Zidzachitika mu mabango.

Zomangamanga, wopangidwa mwa 3-6 mazira woyera (nthawi zina yamawangamawanga bulauni), kumachitika pa chiyambi cha May. Pakati pa nthawi dzira-atagona wa pakati ndi masiku anayi. Amawaumbatira mazira kwa mwezi umodzi. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti nthawi imeneyi yamphongo ndi yaikazi amapereka Pop mwana wankhuku chakudya.

Bwinobwino anapiye kunja kwa chisa pafupifupi 35 masiku, koma nthawi zina angayambe masiku ngakhale pambuyo 10-14 pambuyo kuswa. Ngakhale mu zaka makamaka yabwino ana si oposa 4 anapiye. Kudya achinyamata mbalame abuluzi, makoswe ang'ono, tizilombo ndi mbalame yaing'ono.

m'dera kukaikira mazira

Zisa Montagu a harrier pa gawo lalikulu ku Ulaya (England, Netherlands, Denmark, East Germany, kum'mwera kwa Sweden, ndi Baltic States, mbali yaikulu ya European Russia, Hungary, Romania, ndi Mediterranean, Crimea) ku Central Asia, Iran, Siberia (kuti Tyumen) , Africa North (Morocco ndi Algeria) ndi ena.

Izi zosamukasamuka mbalame wintering ukufika India, Pakistan ndi Africa (kum'mwera kwa Sahara).

The malire a kumpoto kwa kuswana osiyanasiyana chimafikira za malo a mzinda Krasnoyarsk, Tara, Tyumen, Yekaterinburg, Kazan, Yaroslavl, Moscow, Pskov. Kum'mwera chimafikira kupitirira dera la Russia: mayiko a Transcaucasia dera la Khorasan (kumpoto chakum'mawa Iran), steppe madera a ku Central Asia ndi Kazakhstan, kumpoto chakumadzulo China (mpaka Dzungaria mchipululu). Zinthu zina mu Asia Minor.

kusaka

Dambo harrier - mbalame zonse kukasaka danga lotseguka kukuzungulira malo ifunika pang'onopang'ono pafupi pansi. Choncho zambiri amapha sing'anga-kakulidwe makoswe, mbalame yaing'ono, abuluzi ndi tizilombo.

Nthawi zambiri kuti agwire nyama zawo modzidzimutsa, harrier mu ndege amasuntha pamodzi m'mbali udzu wautali. Kodi kutenga nyama, mwadzidzidzi ndi mosayembekezeka agwa pansi anatambasula zikhadabo zake zazitali. Komanso, mosiyana ndi anzawo (kumunda kapena chithaphwi harriers), mbalame akhoza akathyole nyama zawo osati padziko lapansi, komanso zouluka mlengalenga.

Kusiyana kwa mbalame zina

Monga kale uopminalos, Russia ndi zosiyanasiyana kwambiri za mbalame ndi mitundu ya Mphamba banja. Waukulu mbali Montagu a Harrier - woyera malo pa m'chiuno yopapatiza, woima milozo chitsanzo pa nthenga ❖ kuyanika ndi lonse kotenga Mzere wa woyera pa kutalika lonse la pansi mapiko a. Steppe lun ali ndi gulu chonchi koma pang'ono amaona.

Ndithu anayamba kuwala kolala, kupezeka kwa steppe ndi munda harriers, alibe dambo wamkazi.

Mu ndege, anati nkhuku kuoneka bwino wakuda mahovye ndi zipsepse zikuluzikulu komanso n'kupanga awiri a mtundu mdima mbali m'munsi wa mapiko a.

Chophweka njira raptors ena kusiyanitsa wamkulu amuna lun, amene nthenga ya mutu, mmbuyo ndi mapiko coverts ndi phulusa-imvi mtundu. Kuli mdima koposa harriers ena. Pakhosi, mbali kutsogolo kwa mutu ndi chifuwa mu mtundu wa wotumbululuka imvi.

Pomaliza

mbalame tsopano anapeza kawirikawiri, ndi m'madera ena kwathunthu mbisoweka lun.

Chifukwa kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha mbalame zimadalira apululuke mwayi kukaikira mazira, kukhala wagawo, chifukwa mu malo ambiri chikondwerero ng'ombe amphamvu kupondereza zisa ili m'madera chinyezi wa meadows. Komanso, pali kugwa kwa anthu ndi agalu, ndipo ngakhale mosalephera poizoni ndi mankhwala mu processing wa zaulimi. Palinso kuwombera mbalame izi.

Lero, molingana ndi malamulo chilengedwe la Russia, Harrier kumuteteza ndiponso chiwonongeko cha zisa ndi mbalame za nyama zimene mlandu.