Dziko lakale: kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko cha Ulaya

Dziko lakalekale, monga mwachizoloŵezi kutchula gulu la mayiko akale a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, linakhazikitsa maziko a chitukuko cha Ulaya chamakono kwambiri. Inde, gawo lirilonse la mbiri ya anthu ndi lofunika kwambiri, koma udindo wapadera, mosakayikira, ndi wa akale, makamaka chikhalidwe cha Chigiriki.

Zojambula zake, zolemba, sayansi ndi filosofi zinali zoyambira pomwe zonse zomwe zinapindula kuchokera ku Ulaya zinayamba. Dziko lakale linatipatsa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za nzeru zaumunthu zomwe zimagwirizana ndi mbali zonse za moyo wathu: ndakatulo ndi puloseti, zojambulajambula ndi zojambulajambula, zomangamanga ndi zojambula. Mlalang'amba wonse wa maina abwino anabadwira m'mphepete mwa nyanja yakale ya Mediterranean.

Tsopano aliyense wa bwalo la sukulu amadziwa mayina a Aeschylus ndi Sophocles, Euripides ndi Herodotus, Thucydides ndi Democritus, Plato ndi Aristotle. Mndandanda wa zolemba zapamwamba, zomwe dziko lakale linatipatsa, zikhoza kupitilira kwamuyaya. Kale ku Greece kunali malo oyambirira komanso masewera oyamba a filosofi ku Ulaya. Zolemba zakale zopanda kufa za zomangamanga.

Akatswiri akale a Chigiriki, olemba ndi oganiza, omwe adagwiritsa ntchito zozizwitsa za m'mayiko a Kum'maŵa, potsirizira pake adaposa aphunzitsi awo. Ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko lakalekale ndi sayansi yomwe inayambitsa maziko a chidziwitso chamakono. Chilembo cha Chigriki chinakhala maziko a zilembo za Slavic. Mayina ambiri omwe timawavala, nawonso, ali ndi Chiyambi cha Chigiriki kapena Chiroma. Chikoka cha chikhalidwe chakale pa moyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku chimakhala champhamvu ngakhale patatha zaka zikwi zambiri.

Dziko lakale linapatsa dzina pafupifupi maphunziro onse a sayansi ndipo linayika malingaliro awo ofunika, omwe tsopano tikugwiritsa ntchito. Grammar ndi masamu, geography ndi mbiri, zakuthambo ndi mankhwala - zonse zimachokera ku nthawi zakale ndipo ndi mayina achi Greek. Kuchokera ku Chilatini cha Aroma akale, zinenero zambiri zamakono za ku Ulaya zachitika. Mu Chirasha chokha muli mawu ambirimbiri ochokera ku Chigriki kapena Chiroma.

Osati ndi zamakono zamakono, makolo athu anakwanitsa kulera pamtunda wokwanira, mwachitsanzo, zakuthambo, mankhwala ndi makina. Kalekale mapu a nyenyezi zakumwamba adalengedwa . Mwa njira, zojambulajambula zimakhalanso ndi Chigiriki chakale. Chithunzi cha dziko lakale, cholengedwa ndi mibadwo yonse, chinali choyang'ana pa zochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku za kayendetsedwe ka zakumwamba ndi kusanthula zochitika zawo.

Kuchokera pa nthawi ya luso ndi sayansi zakale, ife tapatulidwa kwa pafupi zaka mazana atatu, koma mphamvu zawo ndi ulemerero akhala zamuyaya. Kalekale akhalabe sukulu yosasimbika ya ojambula, ojambula zithunzi ndi okonza mapulani. Ambuye amasiku ano amatembenukira ku mafano akale, kuyesera kumasula zinsinsi za mgwirizano, zobisika mu zolengedwa zamuyaya za umunthu waumunthu.

Chodabwitsa cha dziko lakalekale sichimamvetsetsedwa bwino. Mwachitsanzo, Ancient Greece ndi malo ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka m'mapiri a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, omwe anthu ake onse sakadapitirira anthu mazana atatu. Ndipo dziko laling'ono limeneli linapanga chikhalidwe chachikulu chauzimu chomwe sichinakalamba ndipo sichinathere ngakhale patapita zaka zikwi zambiri. M'dziko lino lokhalokha, chiwerengero cha akatswiri oposa kilomita imodzi ndi anthu zikwizikwi chinadutsa zonse zomwe zingatheke komanso zosaganizirika. Kodi ichi si chinsinsi chachikulu cha mbiri ya anthu?