Java: akuti zonse otchulidwa wapadera

Lero, mapulogalamu ku Java, osalephera, palibe m'modzi adzawona kudabwa. Kupita patsogolo malowa kwambiri kotero kuti zenizeni wathu chi zikanakhala ngati zaka bwino kwa 50-60 zapitazo mu nkhani ku kanema La "Back m'tsogolo."

Magwero a chinenero cha Java

Java - chinthu wokonda chinenero mapulogalamu limene poyambirira mwakuchita Sun Microsystems, ndipo kenako anakhala thandizo ndi chitukuko imene Oracle.

Osati kusokonezedwa ndi chinenero chitukuko kapena ntchito chilengedwe mapulogalamu nsanja. Ndi otsiriza amatanthauza ya munthu kuchuluka kwa zigawo zosiyana zomwe pamodzi kupereka chilango cha Java-malamulo m'malo osiyanasiyana hardware. Mapulogalamu olembedwa Java akumasuliridwa mtundu wapadera wotchedwa bytecode, yomwe kenako anachita kudzera mwa makina pafupifupi (JVM) - gawo la nsanja mapulogalamu.

Unsembe ndi Kuyamba

Kuti bwinobwino kuthamanga ntchito yapangidwa chinenero ichi, muyenera kukhazikitsa phukusi wapadera wa Java-zigawo, komwe kamapezeka pa Oracle Webusaiti. kampani limapereka distributions zosiyanasiyana amasiyana chandamale nsanja, komanso zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Wosuta pafupifupi sayenera kugwiritsa ntchito Java Baibulo chosiyana ndi wotsiriza, zaposachedwapa. Ndi bwino chifukwa Madivelopa amene muyenera maluso zomwe yeniyeni ndi mphamvu.

Kukhazikitsa Java pa kompyuta, wosuta choyamba tiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti makhalidwe a zida likukwaniritsa zofunikira dongosolo osachepera. Oracle akatswiri anayesetsa kuchepetsa pakhomo amafuna dongosolo, koma mpaka pano, ndipo tiyenera kuziganizira. wosuta ayenera kupeza malo ayenera yogawa zochokera opaleshoni dongosolo, amene akufuna kukhazikitsa mapulogalamu. Pakuti Mwachitsanzo, Java kwa Mawindo 7 Ndi executable .exe-file, umene amafuna yekha mwachindunji unsembe Directory, ndiyeno iye adzachita zonse yekha. Dziwani kuti dongosolo angathe kuikidwa pa nthawi yomweyo buku limodzi lokha la chipolopolo mapulogalamu. Choncho, pamaso khazikitsa kufunika kuonetsetsa kuti Baibulo wakale Java kuchotsedwa dongosolo. Ngati inu simutero, ndi okhazikitsa ndidzapempha kuchotsa pulogalamu zotsutsana pamaso panu kupitiriza unsembe.

Yambani osauka Java

Pambuyo wosuta ali bwinobwino anaika chilengedwe mapulogalamu, zidzakhala zilipo zosiyanasiyana njira kuphedwa kwa mapulogalamu zinalembedwa kale, ndi kulenga awo. Pofuna kuyamba mapulogalamu mwa Java, simuyenera mapulogalamu zoonjezera. Tiyenera yekha ndi mtima wofuna kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano ndiponso kumvetsa chinenero cha zomangamanga. Ngati wosuta anatha bwinobwino kukhazikitsa ndi Java, ndipo pochita alibe mikangano ndi mapulogalamu ena, mukhoza kuyamba kulemba m'buku mkonzi malemba.

Oracle waonetsetsa kupereka akonzedwa pazipita zida kutukula. Mu Java, phukusi chikuphatikizapo kompayila (Javac zofunikira), zomwe, kutenga kuti mtsutso njira ya file malemba, otembenuka kukhala bytecode makina pafupifupi zomveka.

wosuta akadali sangathamange ntchito ndi kuona zotsatira za ntchito yawo. Kukhazikitsa ndi Java yofunsira Windows 7, m'pofunika "paketi" mumtsuko-Archive.

Mtundu mtsuko lachokera ku kuchepetsa Java Archive, ndi wapadera bwino kwa onse ZIP-file, zomwe zina zizindikiro malongosoledwe a makalasi ndi dependencies ndi mfundo za yodziwitsa (waukulu kalasi) mu ntchito. Kuti akonze .jar-file cha dzina chomwecho ntchito ndi zofunikira, amene m'gulu phukusi muyezo ku Oracle. Pambuyo kukhazikitsa bwino, wosuta akhoza kuthamanga yofunsira analenga kapena Java lamulo mzere lamulo kapena kutonthoza, kapena basi iwiri kuwonekera.

The Gawo la chinenero Java

Kuti bwinobwino kukhala ofunsira mu chinenero Java, kuphunzira ziyenera kuyamba ndi ndizosowa kwambiri. mapulogalamu watsopano zina zovuta kumvetsa akuti "chinthu wokonda" chinenero. Anthu ambiri molakwa kuti liwu'li likuyimira chakuti onse a mabungwe omwe umagwira ntchito chinenero ndi zinthu. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona. Mu chinenero Java, kupatula malowa, palinso ya mitundu achikale. Izi inteja deta mtundu (mamvekedwe, yaifupi Int yaitali ), amene ali integers osiyana mawu m'litali, mitundu fractional deta (zimatengedwa, awiri), komanso mizere ndi mitundu khalidwe (zingwe gale-) motero.

Pakuti aliyense wa iwo pali otchedwa makalasi - wrappers, amene ntchito kulenga kutchula chinthu mtundu wina. Ichi ndi choona pa mitundu yonse wosazindikira kupatula deta chingwe.

Features wa kukhazikitsa kalasi chingwe ku Java

Java-mzere - ichi ndi osankhidwa mwapadera. Iwo akhoza wachinsinsi monga chinthu zosasintha. Mukamagonjera ntchito kukumbukira ngati mulu (mulu), lomwe lili ndi chingwe lachabechabe, aliyense ntchito pa izo (kusankha substring ndi, concatenation, khalidwe M'MALO, ndi zina zotero. D.) Kodi kulenga Mwachitsanzo latsopano mzere poyambira, umene amasiyana chifukwa choyambirira cha ntchito.

Choncho, chingwe ndi zonse zofunikira kuti ntchito mosamala kwambiri, ngakhale kuti zinyalala zosonkhanitsira m'chikumbumtima akuthamanga chachikulu, mapulogalamu ayenera kusamala kwambiri popewa kukumbukira zikusefukira Buku mosayenera chingwe. Mwamwayi, chifukwa ichi pali zambiri makalasi mthandizi. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito StringBuilder ndi StringBuffer, moti kupezerera zingwe, koma sapeka pambuyo iriyonse latsopano.

The chinenero Java - mawu zonse. maonekedwe awo ndi cholinga

mawu zonse anaonekera mu mzaka zana makumi awiri mochedwa ndipo zinasinthiratu luso processing foni.

Poyamba, kufufuza zigawo achindunji lemba kapena substring vuto wamba, yomwe inkafuna khama ndipo nthawi kukhazikitsa. Mapulogalamu amayenera kuzifufuza pafupifupi malo pa enieni zofanana mwachindunji kufufuza chizindikiro kapena kuyerekeza ndi zambiri zinthu. Komabe, mkubwela kwa mawu zonse ndi mwayi ntchito zilembo pambuyo, imene anakhala zilipo pofotokoza chitsanzo chimene anali kuwafufuza. Mu Java mawu zonse anaonekera mu Baibulo 5, ndipo kuyambira kukhala lingaliro yofunika kwambiri ya chilengedwe mapulogalamu.

Kugwira ntchito ndi mawu zonse mu Java

Mu Java, magulu onse, njira imodzi kapena wina ntchito ntchito mawu zonse, mu phukusi osiyana otchedwa java.util.regex. Mu Java akuti zonse limafotokoza Chitsanzo kalasi, amene anawamasulira kuti English amatanthauza "chitsanzo". kalasi kulandira chingwe mtsutso kuti constructor, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulenga M'manja a. Pamene mukufuna kufotokoza izo, m'malo makalata yosavuta bwino ntchito wildcards.

Kuti bwino mwachindunji magawo kufufuza, ndi bwino kuwerenga zolembedwa akuluakulu a ku Oracle, monga ambiri pambuyo otchulidwa sakutanthauza zimene wosuta wamba kapena novice mapulogalamu ena angaganize. Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro "+" akusonyeza kuti chitsanzo amagwa nthawi imodzi kapena zingapo chinthu wangotchulidwa. Pamene akuyendera Java akuti zonse otchulidwa wapadera ndi amodzi mwa wina chinenero mapulogalamu. Choncho, kusamuka kwa nsanja wina akhale sabweretsa chisoni.

ofunsira zotheka mawu zonse

Tikumbukenso kuti n'zotheka mawu zonse yabwino wosakanikirana kusamalira tochuluka kwambiri mwa mawu. Mwachitsanzo, ena ofunika kufufuza, kapena osakaniza mawu m'kaundula ndi proviso kuti nkhani imene chinsinsi kwalembedwa si zofunika. Dzanja kusanja lemba la adzakhala inefficient kwambiri kwa kuthetsa ngati vuto, ndi anamanga-Java mawu zonse chingapezeke angapo mizere ya code.

N'chifukwa chake akuganiza kuphunzira chinenero mwa njira iliyonse sangakhoze kuphonya mbali zofunika kwambiri monga akuti zonse. Mu Java, zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana - kuchokera yotsimikizira deta kulowa mawonekedwe (maadiresi e-mail, manambala ngongole) musanachite magalimoto ndi wosuta zopempha.