Mbalame corncrake (corncrake): kufotokoza, chithunzi

Pakati pa Ufumu ambiri mbalame, pali mitundu chidwi kwambiri, umene anthu amasiyana kudana awo chakuwuluka. Izi ndi zodabwitsa kwambiri, chifukwa mbalame analenga kumwamba. Nature anapatsa mapiko awo, koma iyi ndi nthenga pafupifupi sasefukira mu mlengalenga. Mbalame dzina - corncrake, koma iwo akutchedwa Crake (Photo onani m'munsimu.).

Madzulo ndi meadows anamva kuthetheka zikumveka zachilendo, chinachake iwo amaoneka ngati achule. mng'alu amenewa kufalitsa landrails chifukwa fearfulness iwo zimavuta kuona, koma kumva mwambo. About owoneka ngati corncrake, kumene moyo, mmene kupulumuka kuthengo, ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

mafotokozedwe

Ukulu wa corncrake, ndi chithunzi inu kale ngati yaing'ono, sadzachitanso masekeli 125-155 ga kunachitika mwana wankhuku akale Only landrails akunenepa kunenepa kwambiri. thupi mbalame zowoneka aonekera flattened laterally, ndithu yochepa mchira, phiko kutalika - 14-16 cm, mulomo yochepa (2-2.2 cm) lonse pa maziko a.

Top mtundu nthenga akuda, pabuka-bulauni. Cholembera Center blackish, grayish mapeto. Chiuno ndi pamimba buffy woyera, ndi mikwingwirima utoto. Pachifuwa, Chotupa chija ndi khosi imvi mtundu. Maso ali red-bulauni kapena otuwira. Mwachidule, mbalame landrail Aka landrail zikuwoneka modzichepetsa ndi nthenga kuwala akumasulidwa.

m'dera

Landrails chisa m'dera la Europe ndi ku Asia, ku France ndi Britain kumadzulo kum'mawa kwa South Yakutia, kuchokera kumpoto m'mayiko nayonso kwa theka chipululu. Osiyanasiyana deta adani mbalame Caucasus m'tsinde. Wintering mbalame corncrake chitumidwa kwa climes otentha a Africa South-East.

Khazikika landrails amakonda zomwe zili ndi floodplain meadows, mwa udzu ndi osatha, m'minda uncultivated atachuluka, clearings nkhalango, m'madera theka-louma la m'madambo a. Komanso abwino okhala kwa minda mbalame ndi cornfields. Iwo amakonda kukhala pafupi ndi matupi madzi, koma kumwetsa chinyezi m'madera awo, mbalame sangakhoze kulekerera.

Crake: phokoso, kulira

Kuyankhula za mbalame corncrake, ndi Dziwani kuti Russian ake Old dzina "Crake" amachokera ku Chikoka, staccato kulira deta nthenga. Phokoso la mbalame corncrake mu malo linamveka ngakhale kilometre. Makamaka wolemekezeka ngati mokweza "nyimbo" amuna ndi akazi zinthu modzichepetsa kwambiri.

Crake, amene phokoso amamva bwinobwino usiku, analamula kapena m'bandakucha, makamaka osiyana mu nyengo mating. Wake mokweza, ngati kukokana kufuula "Boom Boom-, Boom Boom-, Boom Boom-..." aamuna amayesa kukopa chidwi cha akazi ndi pa nthawi yomweyo zovuta mpikisano.

Pachibwenzi awo "nyimbo" corncrake monga mbali ya chisangalalo kuti sadzamva, ngati inu pang'ono kwambiri kumuyandikira. Ndikofunikira kuyenda pa "ndime ya" Pamene mbalame kulira. Pa nthawi ngati zimenezi, izo basi stuns lokha ndi phokoso yake. Pa kulira landrail kwambiri chimakakamiza patsogolo khosi lake, kutembenuzira nthawi yomweyo mu madera osiyana.

Ngati mbalame chiopsyezo akuonera mavuto, mmero wake adzayamba champhamvu ndi lakuthwa kulira, ngati magpies stridulatory. Komanso corncrake akhoza kudabwa koma phokoso lina, mwamsanga kubwereza "Ine". Ndi nyimbo zake zachilendo chosiyana ndi zina mbalame mbalame corncrake, ikulongosola za kukuwa ake ndi zikumveka - umboni.

njira ya moyo

Mumakhalako landrail (nkhuku) wakonda kusankha mkulu yonyowa dambo udzu. Nthawi zambiri, mbalame amenewa amapezeka mu minda, anabzala mbewu.

Crake amatanthauza anthu a usiku, yekha. Ngati nyengo amalola, nimble, mbalame mosatopa usiku kutsogolera moyo yogwira , ndipo okha m'mawa m'mawa kupita ku mpumulo.

Onani Crake mu udzu zovuta adziwe kuti limatuluka yekha pa zosowa. Choncho mbalame zimenezi mosavuta kumva kusiyana. Akuthamanga mbalame, kupinda gawo kutsogolo kwa thupi ndi mutu pansi kuti mchira ali pamwamba. Pa kayendedwe ka nkhuku anapitiriza nodding mutu wake kuyang'ana pozungulira, nthawi zina limakuwongola ndipo amawapatsa utali wonse wa khosi. Pamene pali yochepa anayendera, landrail limafalitsa mfuu wapadera, monga ngati zokhazika mtima pansi yekha ndipo amakhulupirira kuti palibe choopsa chilichonse.

Ngati ngozi sangathe kuzipewa, ndi corncrake mbalame mu malo oyamba zothaŵa. Wothamanga izi nthenga wapamwamba kuposa aliyense, thupi lake yopapatiza facilitates kayendedwe mofulumira udzu mkulu wandiweyani. Pamene kuthawa sizingatheke mbalame ali kuwuluka pamwamba. Iwo amachita zimenezi penapake zosamveka ndiponso pang'onopang'ono. Mu ndege, miyendo yake apangidwe pansi, zimenezi kumatenga nthawi yaitali kwambiri, basi mamita angapo landrail akukhala mu udzu ndi kupitiriza kupulumutsa yabwino okha ndi dziko.

kubalana

Male Crake angatchedwe chibwenzi mwaluso ndipo anakumana munthu madona. Ngakhale m'pomveka dziwani kuti, pamene iye anali kusamalira mkazi wina, pa zina siziwononga nthawi. Kuchokera pamwamba zimaonekeratu kuti corncrakes poligamny sequentially.

Mating nyengo akuthamanga kuchokera April kuti July. Monga tanenera poyamba, pa ukwati mbalame amuna ndi zamasiku kwambiri. Kuwonjezera "nyimbo", iwonso kuvina kugonjetsa mitima ya zazikazi. Pamene mkazi akulowa munda wa view wa mwamuna, iye amayamba kuchita kuvina mating, imene kuyang'ana mawanga akutsutsana wofiira pa mapiko. Koma izi si malire a khama "njonda", ali kutentha chilakolako ngakhale kupereka amitima yokoma wanu nthenga "wamng'ono wabwino" zaufulu wa nkhono ndi mphutsi. Ngati pamaso kuwolowa manja pa mbali ya mwamuna Kodi sangafikire, mkazi akhoza wokha amafuna chimachitira.

Mu nyengo ina, mwamuna angathe amamuchitira ndi akazi 2-3, avareji mnyamata wina, atsikana awiri kugwa. ntchito yake sakuphatikizapo pomanga zisa, kuswa mazira ndi kusamalira mbewu. Pamene akazi akuyamba kuikira mazira, aamuna akupita kukafuna wokondedwa wina.

Tsogolo nthenga mayi limakonza chisa pakati tchire laling'ono kapena udzu wandiweyani. Poyamba digs dzenje losaya, ndipo kenako kumalumikiza pansi Moss mapesi sedges ndi udzu. zowalamulira limodzi ndi mazira 7 mpaka 12. Female amawaumbatira popanda thandizo la bambo motayirira.

polera

Dergach (nkhuku) atakhala pa mazira kwa masabata atatu anatsatira ndi mmodzi anapiye amabadwa. Iwo anaphimba ndi wooneka wakuda fuzz. Kwathunthu ana njakata sangapatsidwe dzina, chifukwa pafupifupi mwamsanga pansi obsohnet, fledglings kusiya chisa ndi bwinobwino anapita mayi ake.

Woyamba masiku 3-4 moyo corncrake mbalame kudyetsa ana ake kuchokera mlomo wake. Pamene mwana akutembenukira masabata 2, iwo adziimire paokha kwathunthu, mwina okha chakudya. Mu miyezi a m'badwo mbalame wamng'ono anayamba kupanga ndege awo oyamba kutuluka chisamaliro cha mayi.

Crake akazi, tikukhala mu Ulaya akhale pa chilimwe kuti Ba- awiri a mazira ndi kubweretsa kufungatira awiri a anapiye, pamene anthu nthenga za madera kum'mawa chifukwa cha nkhanza nyengo ya zowalamulira chachiwiri sikawirikawiri mwachita.

loonetsa

Mbalame corncrake si zamasamba, iye mosangalala adya zomera zakudya ndi zakudya chiyambi nyama zonse. Popeza chakuti landrail wakonda amakhala m'madera yachonde, ndi kupanga mavuto chakudya alibe. Mwachitsanzo, yothetsa pafupi ndi munda mbewu, mbalame zonse kudzazidwa ndi tirigu ndi tizilombo.

The zakudya corncrake zikuphatikizapo mbewu, zanthete za zomera. Menyu ndi lowonjezera ndi tizilombo yaing'ono, centipedes, nkhono ang'ono, nyongolotsi.

anthu

Crake - mobisa kwambiri ndi osamala mbalame, amene saona anthu. Choncho zimakhala zovuta kudziwa chiwerengero cha Crake anthu. Mmodzi kuti inenso chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa minda wochezeka mu zatsala pang'ono kutha mbalame sangakhoze zimachitika deta.

Izo ziyenera kumene kudziŵika kuti poyerekezera ndi zaka zam'mbuyo chiwerengero cha corncrake ndi yafupika. meadows yonyowa pang'onopang'ono koma ndithudi anazimiririka ku malo a, chifukwa, chiwerengero cha Crake, amene makamaka moyo pa m'magawo amenewa.