Dagestan zinenero. Dagestani banja. Dagestan mabuku

Ngakhale kuti a mitundu yosiyanasiyana Dagestan Caucasus mbali zinenero zosiyanasiyana wapadera, koposa ndi kuchuluka. M'zinenero pafupifupi ndi yeniyeni auls munthu wamng'ono, chifukwa Dagestan amatchedwa "phiri la zinenero."

The zosiyanasiyana zilankhulo

Olembedwa ndi osalembedwa Dagestani phiri zinenero, pali za makumi atatu. zinenero Dagestani kuwonjezekeredwa mu gulu kum'mawa kwa Caucasus zinenero Japhetic. Chechen-Dagestani gulu ndi ubwenzi akutali Abkhaz-Adygei gulu kumadzulo. Mu gulu la zilankhulo Dagestan ali paubwenzi, umboni wa zimenezi ndi galamala ndi mawu (makamaka Avar ndi zinenero Lak).

M'zinenero pafupifupi Dagestan pang'ono kuphunzira. Chabwino kufufuza Dargin, Avar, Lezgi, Lak. inu mukhoza kupanga gulu kuyambirira pachifukwa ichi.

Galimoto Dagestan zilankhulo

Izo zikhoza kuwoneka motere:

1. Gulu Avar-Ando-Dido. Mbaliyi zilankhulo izi: Andean (godobari, Andi ahvah, Botlikh, carat, bagvalal, Tindi, chamalal); Avar; Dido (Capucho, hvarshi, ginuh, hunzal, Didot); chilankhulo aul Archi kapena Rocha.
2. Gulu Dargin. Zikuphatikizapo Dargin, Kubachi ndi zinenero kaytaksky.
3. Lak gulu kokha Lak.
4. Gulu Lezghian. Mbaliyi zilankhulo izi: Lezgi, Samur (Agulla Tsakhur, Rutul, Jack, haput, Khinalug, Kryz, Udi, buduk) Tabasaran.

Dagestan zinenero morphologically kasewenzetsedwe ka mau si zomveka. Mu palibe kusiyana pakati pa mitundu munthu ndi umunthu wa mneni ndi. m'zinenero zambiri Dagestani bwanji mitundu angapo a declination ndi chiwerengero cha milandu.

dzina Dagestani

anthu onse Dagestani, kuphatikizapo Kumyks pakupezeka mayina yomweyo. Katchulidwe zingasiyane. Zambiri - ndi dzina Arab. Posachedwapa pakhala pobwereka ndi mayina a chinenero cha Chirasha.

maina ambiri Dagestani zasungidwa monga banja (mtundu). Amachita m'zinenero Dagestani ndi wapadera mochulukitsa suffix. Mwachitsanzo, m'chilankhulo Avar suffix -al: dzina la Ilyas - Ilyasal (Ilyasova). Mu Lak -hul ntchito suffix m'dzina la Ali - Alihul (Aliev).

The zikuchokera maina omwe angaperekedwe (tuhumnyh, banja) kuphatikizapo ndizosowa amene amapanga mawu Dagestani, manauni wamba ndi maina mitundu, maina malo.

Declination maina

M'zinenero Dagestani ndi osakaniza omwe angaperekedwe (dzina-tuhum) ndi dzina lenileni mu malo kaye dzina mu mochulukitsa genitive, kenako dzina. Mwachitsanzo: Ahmadhal Ali, Muhtarlany Gazhi.

zinenero Dagestani kulola kuti kukopa dzina banja ndiye, pamene palibe dzina lake lenileni. Ngati anaima pafupi tuhumnym (generic), ndiye, monga ulamuliro, kuchepa mphamvu ndi zotheka, ndiye dzina akuzisunga nkhani genitive, dzina lenileni ndi atatsamira.

Posankha zosiyanasiyana zikalata - zikhale pasipoti, satifiketi ukwati, chinkafunika, satifiketi, etc. - .. maina m'banja lomasuliridwa, Dagestan suffixes ndiye m'malo -ev Russian, Female. Mwachitsanzo: Abdullayev, Akhmedov, Omarov.

Dagestan mabuku

Mabuku a anthu a Dagestan osiyanasiyana ndi zinenero. Kwa zaka zambiri akufotokozera pa kumykskom, Dargin, Avar, Lak, Tabasaran, Lezgin ndi Tat zinenero. Aliyense mabuku awa poyamba anapanga, izi zimadalira amadalira chikhalidwe komanso umoyo ndi zachuma. Mbiri ya anthu a Dagestan umaonekera folklore: a m'nyimbo ndi epic songs, nthano, miyambo, mawu, miyambi, nthano. Ambiri a iwo zinapatsira ndi zolinga a anthu ndi demokalase kusonyeza nkhondo anthu ndi opondereza anzawo. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, "gulu la Patima", Lak nyimbo limafotokoza nkhani ya kulimbana mu 13-14 zaka TH. ndi asilikaliwa. Pa polimbana ang'onoang'ono ndikuuzeni Kumyk "Kartgochak", "Nyimbo ya Aygaz".

The Dagestan maphwando a nkhani, amunamuna epics, mbiri nyimbo monga amajambulapo maluwa okongola a nthano ndi nyimbo ina ya Georgia, Azerbaijan, ku Middle East ndi ku Central Asia. Pamodzi ndi folklore 17-18 TH zaka. mwachangu anayamba mwambo mabuku wamba ndi Arabic. nyengo ang'onoang'ono amakhala ndi mbiri zakale, zipilala zolembalemba, Mfundo zosiyanasiyana philology ndi sayansi zachilengedwe mitu, iwo onse ndi mabuku othandiza.

M'zaka za m'ma 17 chitukuko cha mabuku akatswiri yakale mukopedwe Dagestani sukulu mafuta opopera Kudutlya, Shaaban kwa felemu lija. Kumeneko iye anaphunzira mbalume, Chiarabu, malamulo otanthauzira zinalengedwa, nthawi yomweyo panali choyamba kulemba zitsanzo. Njira ya chitukuko ya Dagestan mabuku agona ndi mbiri zakale Magomed Tahir al-ngolo, Gadzhi Ali, Hasan Alkadari.

zaka Literature 19-20th

Kale m'zaka 19 mabukuwo Dagestani anali ndi chidwi chachikulu Russian asayansi. Zakhala analenga ndi mabuku ambiri mbiri ndi ethnography la Dagestan. "Derbent-dzina" - magazini wamkulu inafalitsidwa mu St. Petersburg mu 1851, Pulofesa Kazembekom linamasuliridwa mu English, anapanga palibe ndemanga. Mu chaka cha 1898 mu Tiflis, buku lomwelo linasindikizidwa ndi m'chinenero Russian. Komanso, "Derbent-dzina" m'chinenero Lak.

The October kuukira boma la 1917 chaka anayambitsa mu Dagestan mabuku kwambiri. Iwo anayamba chitukuko mofulumira. Pa Civil nkhondo, anabadwa ambiri chosintha, olimbanawo nyimbo kuti analemekeza Communist chipani, ufulu, anthu opanduka. Mu ulamuliro wa Soviet Union, anthu onse a Dagestan amasonkhana mu nthawi zimenezo anayamba kukhala chinenero kuphunzitsa anthu ambiri. Njira yoyamba chitukuko cha positi-chosintha mabuku a Dagestan anachita olemba monga H. Batyrmurzaev, Bambo Saidov. Pa nthawi imeneyo, panali vuto - kutamanda mphamvu Soviet, achite propaganda yogwira malingaliro m'gululi ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo kuvumbula ankhanza malingaliro bourgeois.

Pa World nkhondo II Dagestan olemba ndakatulo ndi anafotokoza zochita za asirikali Soviet amene anatsogolera kwawo. ntchito ambiri akhala olembedwa ndi mbali khalidwe luso wowerengeka. Pa nthawi imeneyo, zinalengedwa ntchito zotero kwambiri ngati "kutsogolo-mzere mkazi msilikali", "Nyimbo ya Akwatibwi" Tsadasa; "Mawu a amayi ake," "Pa zipata za Caucasus" Hajiyev; "Cannon salvos 'Gamzatov; "Kuona mountaineer 'zipinda; "Night", "Dnepr", "On the Road" Suleymanova.

Panopa, gulu la olemba Dagestan ndi imodzi mwa nyumba zikuluzikulu kwambiri Russia. umembala zimapezekanso oposa 140 alakatuli playwrights, novelists, otsutsa, omasulira. The Union tichipeza zigawo zisanu ndi zinayi, mutu wa aliyense wa iwo ndi wolemba odziwika omveka dziko.