Kodi mamita-holinoblokatory?

M-holinoblokatory - mankhwala odziwika zokwanira. wothandizila atropinopodobnye izi ndigwire ntchito ya mantha dongosolo parasympathetic, zotsatira zake ziwalo za thupi ndi zopangitsa. Komanso, nkhani anafotokoza zotsatira za mita-anticholinergics, kufunika mankhwala, kanthu ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala.

Gawo

M-holinoblokatory m'magulu atatu akulu akulu:

1. Amatanthauza "atropine" ndi "Scopolamine," amene ali alkaloids achilengedwe.
2. opangidwa kuchokera awo semisynthetic ndi kusiyana kwa zipangizo poyambira, wopangidwa mwa katundu pharmacokinetic.
3. Kupanga mankhwala kuti nacho selectivity wachibale subtypes zina za maselo mamita-cholinergic.

katundu

Amatanthauza "atropine", monga mankhwala Buku, ingakhudze zolimbikitsa pa ntchito za chapakati mantha dongosolo. Medicament "Scopolamine" alinso katundu sedative ndi ntchito matenda a gait, chizungulire ndi matenda ena vestibular. Ali mapiritsi "Aeron" monga mankhwala yogwira pawiri ntchito kupewa seasickness.

Zimene mamita-holinoblokatorov "atropine" ndi "Scopolamine" osiyana. bwino kwambiri kusiyana anaona ndi mphamvu pa chapakati mantha dongosolo. Amatanthauza "Scopolamine" mosiyana ndi mankhwala "atropine", ali ndi chikoka kutchulidwa cha khalidwe chapakati ngakhale pa mlingo yaing'ono. Izi ndi chifukwa permeability zosiyanasiyana za magazi ubongo chotchinga. Ndi mu umenewu uli chifukwa Bambo holinoblokatory munali atropine, ntchito zambiri.

Wa zotumphukira semisynthetic wa alkaloids zachilengedwe ndi njira yofunika kwambiri "Homatropine" ndi "Tropikamid" ndi "methylatropine nitrate", "Ipratropium Bromide" ndi "Tiotropium bromide". Mankhwala onsewa sangathe kulowa magazi ndi ubongo chotchinga. Ndi mankhwala kupanga pazikhalanso gulu lachitatu la mamita-holinoblokatory monga amatanthauza "Pirenzepine" (anasonyeza matenda anam'peza) ndi "Tolterodine" (zoyenera incontinence).

ntchito

M-Anticholinergics (limagwirira cha zochita za ena mwa iwo adzakhala pansipa) ntchito MANKHWALA OLETSA VUTOLI khalidwe zosiyanasiyana colic (impso, chiwindi, m'mimba) anatumizidwa pamene bronchospasm, kuchepetsa pafupipafupi contractions mu mtima. Mankhwala osavomerezeka chifukwa Kupenda ndi fundus, mankhwala iritis ndi iridocyclitis, zipolowe za conduction atrio-yamitsempha yamagazi.

Zimene muzikangana mamita-cholinergic, mwa zina, akuwonetseredwa mu zosangalatsa za muzituluka ndi matumbo minofu yosalala, kuchepetsa katulutsidwe wa zopangitsa m'mimba. Ndiyamika njira imeneyi angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa matenda a zilonda mu m'mimba ndi duodenum. Mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati antidoda kuledzera holinomimetricheskimi ndi mbali anticholinesterase.

Impact amatanthauza "atropine" CNS

Pa mlingo wapakatikati, zomwe zimapanga 0.5-1 mg, mankhwala akhoza wokwanira kuonjezera parasympathetic kamvekedwe. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha malemeredwe wa malo mu medulla oblongata ndi madipatimenti ake overlying. Ndi kuwonjezeka mlingo wodwalayo zimachitika kwambiri, zomwe ziri kuwonetseredwa ndi nkhawa, lathu matenda, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo. Kwambiri Mlingo lalikulu kubala zotsatira ochepetsera angathe chikomokere ndi ziwalo, zamtima kulephera.

Impact amatanthauza "Scopolamine" CNS

Izi mankhwala akhoza kuchita khama zimakhudzanso ochepetsera pa ntchito ya ubongo. Izo kumaonekera kusinza, kutopa, kufooka chiwerengero cha REM tulo, amnesia. Chifukwa luso kupangira euphoria odwala ena amene amamwa njira, pali kudalira. Chifukwa cha zotsatira sedative wa mankhwala "Scopolamine" nthawi ina kuti ntchito mankhwala ochititsa dzanzi ambiri. Komabe patapita kudabvumbulutsidwa, kuti mu ululu ndi waluso, ngakhale pa mlingo achire amada nkhawa, kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo ndi nsautso. Kuchita zimene kotekisi oziziritsa, mankhwala kumathandiza zoyenda matenda.

Mphamvu ya "atropine" pa dongosolo mtima

Zotsatira waukulu wa mankhwala ndi kusintha pafupipafupi contractions mu mtima. Zikutanthauza angathe kubala tachycardia kulitchula. Komabe pa mlingo si choposa chovomerezeka, kuchepetsa mlingo mtima kumachitika yochepa ndipo sayambitsa kusintha magazi. Poyamba anali anaganiza kuti mawu amenewa ndi chifukwa kukondoweza kwa malo a misempha vagus. Koma kunapezeka kuti katundu womwewo wogwidwa ndi Bambo holinoblokatory kuti chiyani mkatikati kwa magazi mu ubongo chotchinga. Amatanthauza "atropine" angathe kuteteza bradycardia, amene amayamba ndi esters wa choline ndi acetylcholinesterase zoletsa, mtima kumangidwa ndi kukondoweza magetsi a misempha vagus.

Mphamvu ya mankhwala "Scopolamine" pa dongosolo mtima

Mu Mlingo ang'ono, ndi 0.1-0.2 mg, mankhwala anachititsa kuchepa kwambiri kugunda kwa mtima. Pambuyo kuwonjezeka mlingo koyamba anati tachycardia, zimafunika theka la ola kapena m'malo mwa bradycardia lapansi. Wina kalekale ndi belladonna alkaloids, ndi zina mamita-holinoblokatory anasonyeza zochizira matenda Parkinson. bwino zimatheka pamene ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala "Levodopa". M-holinoblokatory kupeza ntchito yawo ku matenda a extrapyramidal chilengedwe zomwe zimapangidwa ndi mankhwala antipsychotic.