Kuntchito - ndi chiyani ichi? Kuntchito wantchito: mitundu, kulembetsa ndi chitsimikizo

Kuntchito - ulalo chachikulu luso ndi kupanga dongosolo aliyense ogwira ntchito koyenera kugwiritsa ndondomeko kulamulira, kukonza ndi kupanga. Ndi m'dera lino chikugwirizana ndi onse a zinthu izi ndi ntchito wakwanitsa mtheradi cholinga - opangidwa yomalizidwa katundu, kupereka, etc. Mu gulu lirilonse, bungwe moyenera kuntchito ayenera kuchitidwa ... Izi kudzapeza ntchito imayenera ntchito ndi njira ya ulimi. Zonsezi pamapeto pake bwanji mtengo wa chotsirizidwa, ubwino wake, komanso zina zambiri zizindikiro zachuma.

tanthauzo

Kuntchito - mudera kuti amagwira ntchito aliyense ogwira wagawo ndodo. Izi zikhoza kukhala malo kumatanthauza maofesi a ulimi, umene anapereka akuchitira, processing kapena Chalk. Nthawi zambiri, monga atathana m'dera gulu la antchito.

Pali ikuchitika gawo lirilonse la ndondomeko kupanga. Aliyense ali zina zokhudza ntchito. Ichi ndi chifukwa ndondomeko yeniyeni kupanga komanso zosiyanasiyana, zomwe timamva ntchito yapadera. Koma mmene ntchito pa mbewu, anati mlingo wa gulu la ntchito.

zofunikira

Kuntchito - izi ndi dera la ogwira ntchito imene executors chimodzi kapena zingapo kugwira ntchitoyo ntchito mothandizidwa ndiye anakhazikitsidwa monga hardware. Pa amenewa, cholinga chachikulu zimatheka ndi kupanga lonse. Amakhala pogwira anakhazikitsa mfundo sayansi ndi mu yake, kupanga ndalama ndi khalidwe la chomaliza mankhwala. Kuti akwaniritse cholinga zofunika zina ayenera kukwaniritsa nthawi imene bungwe wantchito kuntchito. Izi adzalola ntchito kothandiza kwambiri anthu ogwira ntchito ndiponso chuma. Mwa zofunika zilipo ndi:

• bungwe;
• ukachenjede;
• ergonomics;
• zachuma.

Monga zofuna gulu, kukhazikitsa awo kaphatikizidwe kamakompyuta ayenera rationally anakonza mu zone ya ndondomekoyi. Chinthu ichi kumakhudzanso Mwachangu ntchito ya akaimbeyo. Komanso, bwana ayenera kupeza chimake yabwino imene msonkhano bwino ntchito. Izi adzalola mosadodometsedwa kotunga wojambula ndi zipangizo, mbali ndi akusowekapo, komanso chida. Kuchita zofuna gulu adzalola posachedwapa kukonza ngalawa ndi zida, kuyeretsa zinyalala, komanso kupereka wochezeka komanso otetezeka malo munthu.

Kuyambira mfundo luso view, kuntchito ayenera kuikidwa zida zapamwamba. Payenera kukhala ulamuliro onse ndi zida kuyeza, zida ndi zipangizo wolunjika zida, ndondomeko zimene akufuna.

amafuna ergonomic ayenera kukwaniritsidwa pa siteji ya kapangidwe ka zipangizo, komanso kukhazikitsa kukonzekera ntchito. Izi kuchepetsa kutopa mu yaitali yoimba ndi wonyong'onya kubwereza kwa mtundu winawake wa gululi.

Kuwonjezera pamwambapa, kusowa alipo kwa ntchito mulingo woyenera kwambiri akaimbeyo. Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi mu gulu la kuntchito ayenera kuganizira zofuna zonse zachuma. Izi zimaononga mlingo wa zokolola ntchito, komanso chomaliza mankhwala.

Gawo

Kuntchito munthu - woyendera nthambi zamitundumitundu, nthawi zambiri mwachindunji ndi wapadera. Ndicho chifukwa chake amafuna ambiri mawonekedwe ake, zipangizo, ndi ntchito kulibeko. Izi zidalira pa ulimi zenizeni komanso makampani amene adzaupereka. Jobs zitha ziri m'magulu malinga ndi zinthu zofunika chosiyana. Iwo adzagwiritsa ntchito zofunika ambiri ndi malamulo amene alipo mwa gulu lililonse.

Mmodzi wa classifications zofunika - mlingo wa zokha ndi mechanization ntchito. Malinga ndi izo, woyendera nthambi kumene asangalatsi kugwira ntchito zawo, anawagawa m'magulu asanu. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Jobs ntchito ntchito yamanja

Kumalo amenewa kupanga chomaliza mankhwala chifukwa cha ndalama mphamvu wantchito. Wojambula amachita ntchito yakalavula ntchito zida dzanja. Chitsanzo ndi khamu la asilikali ndi mbali popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo, kukula kwa nthaka fosholo kapena Kyle ndi T D. zonse zimene kuntchito. amenewa ali Kuvuta mkulu ndi zokolola otsika. Kumene, kampani ndi opanda pake. Komabe, n'zosatheka kwathunthu kuthetsa ndi ntchito zamanja ndi moyenera, ngati ntchito. Iwo Mwachitsanzo, pali kufunika kwa kukonza zida anaika pa Intaneti.

Jobs ntchito kompyuta-Buku

Izi mafakitale madera mankhwala yomaliza akamagwira ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, apa, kuwonjezera magalimoto, inu simungakhoze kuchita popanda nawo munthu kupereka gawo la mowa awo mphamvu. Chitsanzo cha ulimi amenewa ndi planing thabwa planers magetsi kapena kumaliza nkhuni ntchito kufalitsidwa macheka.

Jobs ntchito makina

Iwo analengedwa pamene masitepe onse ndondomeko akutsatiridwa mothandizidwa ndi makina ndipo makinawa. Udindo wa munthu mu nkhani iyi ndi kusamalira zipangizo zimenezi ntchito, kulamulira amasokoneza.

Gulu la ntchito isiyana ndi awiri amene yoyamba kuti yoimba mu pochita ntchito ntchito expends mphamvu okha zoyenda yake wocheperapo. Chitsanzo ndi kulamulira galimoto, makina osokera, ndi zina zotero D..

kompyuta kukanathandiza opanga

Ngati zonse ntchito njira zamakono ndi makina kapena njira, udindo wa anthu yafupika okha zawo kuyamba-mmwamba, komanso kuti asiye ndi kulamulira amasulidwe mankhwala. Pankhaniyi, kaphatikizidwe kamakompyuta a. Zimakhala ndithu malo yaikulu chifukwa tikukonza executor mmodzi wa asilikali angapo makina.

zida kuntchito

zone Izi ndi zosiyana ndi zimene zili mwa kupanga makina ndi makina. Pali zipangizo zina zapadera (zida), ndiko kupeza chomaliza mankhwala otembenuka mphamvu ikukhudzana magetsi kapena mphamvu mankhwala. Munthu pa nthawi yofanana ndi kupanga makina, zidzaoneka ntchito luso kulamulira kuwerenga.

gulu lina

Kugawilidwa kwanthaka malo ntchito magulu angathe kuchitidwa monga:

1. Mtundu kupanga ntchito ndi ndondomeko repeatability. ntchitozi analengedwa limodzi ndi siriyo, misa ndi kupanga siriyo.
2. Digiri ya specialization.
3. Kukhalirira malo. Choncho olekanitsidwa m'manja ndi khola (n'kupuma) kaphatikizidwe kamakompyuta. Nayonso zimakhudza ntchito bungwe lawo. Malo okhazikika chofunika Mwachitsanzo, mu luso lopanga pa utumiki wa zida makina. Ntchito iliyonse zida khola ntchito malo? N'lalikulu, bulky ndi zovuta ikuluikulu. Pamene kupanga kutchito mafoni lili ntchito chida kunyamula kuwala, komanso ndalama ndi kayendedwe ake. N'zotheka kuonetsetsa kuntchito okhazikika. Ichi ndi malo kumene yoimba ndi mosalekeza kwa maola oposa awiri tsiku awo ntchito, kapena oposa 50% ya nthawi. Kuntchito kungakhale anasintha. Apa wojambula ndi, motero, maola awiri, kapena zosakwana 50% nthawi yawo ntchito.
4. Chiwerengero cha asangalatsi. Iwo lozani gulu (brigade) ndi ntchito payekha.
5. Chiwerengero cha mayunitsi anali ndi zida processing. Mwachitsanzo, pali mnogostanochnye ndi odnostanochnye ntchito.
6. ntchito Executive. Choncho, pali akatswiri ntchito ndi ogwira ntchito, owayang'anila, chitetezo ndi zina zotero D..
7. Ntchito ya wojambula. Mwachitsanzo, kuntchito dokotala kapena yowerengera, kalipentala kapena machinist.
8. Location (m'nyumba kapena panja).
9. Kaonedwe (1-, 2-, 3- ndi 4-replaceable).
10. Nthawi Nchito (zosakhalitsa kapena okhazikika).

Gulu la zodziwitsa

Isanayambe ndondomeko iliyonse kupanga muyenera kugwira ntchito dongosolo umalimbana akuphunzitsa m'dera limene chithunzicho amachita ntchito zawo, zinthu pothandiza ntchito. M'mawu ena, ntchito yokonza kuntchito ziyenela kuchitidwa. Izi adzaonetsetsa uziyenda mulingo woyenera kwambiri dongosolo m'malo ovuta, womwenso munthu, makina ndi chilengedwe. Mwina mwake, ngati zikhalidwe za kugwirizana kwa magawo awa, ndondomeko ntchito adzapatsidwa ndi odalirika ndi kwambiri kothandiza.

Kuti akonze omasuka ntchito kaimidwe, komanso katundu mulingo woyenera minofu anthu onse, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso cha makhalidwe anthropological. Izi mulinso anayendera ergonomic ya kutchito, amene amaganizira makhalidwe thupi la asangalatsi ndi magulu awo anayeza.

Komanso, zinthu zonse zili m'dera limeneli, tiyenera kukhala mtundu, khungu, miyeso, omwe akufanana ndi Makutu a, chogwirika, zithunzi, ndi zina maganizo ndi thupi makhalidwe a munthu. Kuwala ndi chinyezi, phokoso ndi kutentha kwa fumbi ndi kugwedera - ichi onse ayenera kumwedwa nkhani pa nthawi imene kokha cholinga ntchito mafoni kapena okhazikika. Izi adzalola kukomana ndi zofunikira zonse ukhondo, amene cholinga ndi malamulo panopa pofuna otetezedwa ndi wathanzi kantchito.

ntchito Organization kuumba

Ntchito ndi ntchito - izi ndi zofunikira pa ochezeka ndi ufulu zachuma a anthu, mwayi n'zochepa. Kwa amene makamaka ovutika zodzitetezera pa umoyo ndi m'mavuto pa ntchito ya wantchito zikupezeka mabizinezi, malamulo inakhazikitsa kuumba ena. Umasonyeza mlingo wa ntchito, zomwe bwana ayenera kuikidwa pambali kwa gulu ili kwa nzika zonse. Komanso, ntchito kwa anthu ndi udindo wa kampani iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za mawonekedwe ake gulu malamulo.

ntchito kuumba ofotokoza - ichi ndi chitsimikizo zina ntchito nzika. analenga amateteza ulova anthu amene mpikisano otsika ku msika ntchito.

Mu gulu la ogwira ntchito oposa zana, ayenera kukhala limodzi ntchito kuumba ofotokoza. Ndi udindo wa abwana ake. Iwo enshrined m'chilamulo "Pa zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa invalids latsopano la Russia". Kodi kukhala kuumba ntchito? Izi pambuyo mawerengedwe kuchitikira (2 peresenti 4 zikuchokera pafupifupi antchito).

Khalidwe la kuntchito

The ina imene yoimba ayenera koyenera danga zilipo. Nkofunika kuti zimagwirira ntchito zogwirizana ndi makonzedwe, njira kupanga zinthu za ntchito ndi chirichonse zofunika ndondomeko ya ntchito. Pamene akukonzekera kuntchito m'pofunika kukhala zinthu ndi zipangizo za ntchito kuti chithunzicho analibe kuti kayendedwe chilichonse. Izi kuchepetsa kutopa woyendetsa ndi Kuonjezera cangu.

Khalidwe la ntchitoyo apatsidwe ikuchitika kutenga nkhani zofunika ergonomic. Iwo amapereka mapangidwe zomveka m'madera ntchito, komanso kusankha ndi zosinthika ya kaikidwe ka zida ndi zipangizo, imene ikanathandiza zofunika danga ntchito ndi ntchito pamene kupulumutsa kupanga malo.

ntchito Analysis

Pa kayendetsedwe ka magawo ena akhoza kuwasiyanitsa ndodo ogwira ntchito iliyonse. The woyamba kumaphatikizapo kusanthula ntchito. Izi ziyenera kuchitika kwa kamangidwe ka malo awa ndi kuwongolera moyo ntchito.

Analysis ndi derivation a pantchito. Mu maphunziro ake a mavuto amene tatsimikiza ndi Executive, komanso zofunikira ku maphunziro, udindo ndi zinachitikira zofunika kuchita m'dera ntchito imeneyi.

imodzi mwa njira zinayi angagwiritsidwe ntchito deta chofunika:

• kuyankhulana (kuyankhulana);
• anaziika;
• mafunso;
• kukafola mndandanda wa ntchito wantchito.

Pogwiritsa ntchito imodzi mwa njira zimenezi, poyamba pa zonse, asonkhanitse deta pa dera kumene wojambula amene akuchita ntchito yake, ndipo kenako kuphunzira ndondomeko kupanga wokha.

Chitsimikizo cha zodziwitsa

Labor malamulo a boma latsopano la Russia amapereka udindo wa bwana kuchititsa mubwereze nthawi ya kantchito m'madera amene seŵero kugwira ntchito zawo. Chitsimikizo cha kutchito - umenewu ndi mwambo, imene limatchula zinthu zoipa ndi zoopsa zimene loopsa kuti thanzi la munthu.

Ndondomeko wozengereza zoterezi ziyenera ndi kulembetsa zotsatira zake chili mu dongosolo Health Utumiki wa Russia, lofalitsidwa 26.04.2011, ndi Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, ndi chitsimikizo umamumvera kuntchito komwe:

• unathandizira makina, zipangizo, makhazikitsidwe, makina, zipangizo ndi magalimoto komanso anapanga kutumidwa kwawo, kukonza ndi kuyezetsa;
• pali ngozi kuti ndi zotsatira zoipa pa anthu;
• kusungidwa, anasamutsidwa ndi ntchito zipangizo ndi zipangizo;
• ntchito bukuli, ainjini kapena zida za magetsi.

Chitsimikizo cha kutchito - umenewu ndi mwambo, zimenezi:

• chachikulu;
• mobwerezabwereza;
• posakonzekera.

5S-dongosolo

Pali njira zina, kulola kukonza malo ntchito m'dera molondola ndi efficiently. Njirayi imatchedwa «5S-dongosolo ntchito." Etoa njira Cholinga kulenga zinthu mulingo woyenera kuti athe bata ndi ukhondo, kutsatira molondola, komanso kusunga mphamvu ndi nthawi. 5S - ndi chida kupanga Taphunzira, mwakuchita Toyota mu zaka unawonongedwa. Mawu oyamba a njira imeneyi mu ogwira ntchito ndi chinthu chofunikira kwa kuwonjezeka mpikisano wa malonda awo. Ndipotu yekha m'malo mwadongosolo ndi oyera n'zotheka popanga zinthu apamwamba kuti akwaniritsa zofunikira zonse makasitomala. 5S njira amalenga prerequisites kwenikweni kwa ichi. Amakhala ndi masitepe asanu yotsatana.

M'nthawi ya iwo zosankhidwa ndipo kenako kuchotsa zonse zosafunika ili kuntchito. Izi mosakayikira zimakhudza chikusintha chitetezo ndi chikhalidwe. Ndi kusanja ndi kudzizindikiritsa zosafunika kwa zinthu ndondomeko, antchito onse ziyenera kuyendera. Komanso zinthu zapadera ndi ntchito kapena kunditumiza ku malo osungira.

Chinthu chachiwiri ndi njira kusunga dongosolo ndi kudzikonda bungwe. Pankhaniyi, chinthu chilichonse amapezeka malo ake. zinthu zonse zomwe zimaonetseratu m'dera Kufikika aliyense wosuta. Mwamsanga kupeza chida choyenera kapena chinthu ayenera kupanga chizindikiro awo.

Wachitatu sitepe njira kumaphatikizapo kuyeretsa dongosolo la kuntchito ndi ukhondo. Iwo amalenga dongosolo zina, pamene china chirichonse ndi zauve. Mu mbali zomwe agulu lotsogolera ntchito ikuchitika pafupipafupi ndi zonse kuyeretsa. Pankhaniyi, zida zonse zili bwino ndi malo kumene mosavuta wapezeka. Zodziwitsa yoyeretsa ya zida zimene njirayi, kuteteza zotheka zolephera mu zimagwirira.

Chinthu chachinayi ndi standardize ndondomekoyi. Iwo lolembedwa apeze njira yabwino kwambiri amapezeka kukhazikitsa masiteji atatu oyambirira. Pankhaniyi, njira adzakhala zooneka ndi zosavuta kukumbukira. Komanso pa siteji chachinayi cha mfundo zithandize phwando ntchito pa chitetezo ndi kukonza zida. Onse olembedwa zikalata lofalitsidwa pa kampaniyo.

sitepe wachisanu ndi kusintha mwambo. Only wantchito amene amachita malamulo onse mkati, pantchito efficiently ndi mwaphindu.

njira 5S ntchito standardize madera ntchito ndi kumanga bungwe. Kukhazikitsa zinthu zonse ndi chofunika zofunika kwa kuwongolera chitetezo, kuwongolera Mwachangu ntchito. The lingaliro lalikulu la njira ndi malamulo operekedwa chifukwa cha akutsatiridwa ndi antchito onse. Pankhani imeneyi, ndipo okonza ndi wotsogolera. The mwayi waukulu lingaliro ili kwagona kuti onse masitepe pamwamba safuna kukhala zapadera ziphunzitso kasamalidwe ndi luso.