Mitundu kupanga.

Mitundu ya ulimi - sikuti ndi kuphatikiza zinthu zimene chimatanthauza gulu ndi sayansi makhalidwe a ndondomeko kupanga, ndi ikuchitika limodzi makamaka anatengedwa ogwilila ntchito ndi mu uthunthu wawo gawo la sikelo kapena ngakhale chomera lonse.

Ofunika kupanga za mitundu ya bungwe, ndi mitundu kupanga anakonzeratu iwo. Gulu la mitundu ya ndondomeko kupanga anapangidwa pamaziko a zifukwa zingapo. Zikuphatikizapo buku la kupanga nomenclature ake, monga mlingo wa yakuti uthunthu ndi chikhalidwe cha katundu ntchito zonse. Pamaziko a mfundozi kusiyanitsa mitundu ya ulimi: Gulu loyamba - wagawo, wachiwiri - lachitatu siriyo - misa.

Mitundu gulu la ulimi, ndipo amatchedwa umodzi - pasukuluyi zotsimikizira imene osiyanasiyana mankhwala opangidwa ku mayunitsi umodzi kapena si-chosatha kapena mobwerezabwereza pa intervals amene si kumatanthauza. Mu ndondomekoyi, zosiyanasiyana detaleoperatsii anachita pa chilichonse kuntchito (zokambirana komanso guilds kupanga wagawo).

Mitundu ya ulimi, ndipo amatchedwa siriyo, ndi pamene osiyanasiyana zochepa katundu chopangidwa nthawi ndalama zimene anatsimikiza ndi zipani kuyamba kapena kumasulidwa. Pa iliyonse kuntchito imagwiridwa ku detaleoperatsy angapo, ndipo iwo Njira pa intervals, amene rhythmically mobwerezabwereza. Pali seriality chinthu, wotchedwa Lі, izo quantifies mlingo seriality. Choncho, pamene izo kumawonjezera, mlingo wa specialization ndi kumuika kuŵeta ndi umodzi.

Mitundu ya ulimi, wotchedwa misa, ndi kumene kwambiri kuchuluka amapangidwa mosalekeza okha osiyanasiyana mbali (mankhwala). Nthaŵi iliyonse kuntchito achindunji Pankhaniyi imagwiridwa yekha detaleoperatsiya wina. The chikhalidwe chachikulu misa ndondomeko kupanga - ndi chidzalo cha Download ntchito komanso zipangizo kupanga kumasulidwa dzina lake ndi limodzi.

Pa limodzi makamaka anatengedwa ogwira alibe kukhala mtundu umodzi wokha wa ulimi, pali zingapo. Izi zingathe kufotokozedwa ndi chakuti mlingo wa specialization si mkulu. Palinso chinthu monga mitundu ya mabizinesi amene anatsimikiza zochokera zovuta ndi chikhalidwe cha linanena bungwe, komanso linanena bungwe.

Pali mitundu itatu ya ntchito. The choyamba - kampani misa limapanga, iwo kumasula mankhwala wawo wonse osiyanasiyana kapena kundu waukulu mosalekeza.

The chachiwiri mtundu - ogwira kuŵeta popanga katundu magulu, mwachitsanzo, njira yopanga siriyo Pankhaniyi kupambana. Mwa gulu ili pali ochiritsira kwambiri kupatukana ndondomeko pa ang'ono-ang'ono, siriyo ndi misa. Koma sasintha makhalidwe Mkhalidwe wa mtundu wa bungwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti Mulimonsemo ndi alternates linanena bungwe mobwerezabwereza magulu.

Mtundu wachitatu - yopanga kampani unit. Iwo adzatulutsa osiyanasiyana mankhwala, amene alibe zisadzachitikenso rhythmic. Pankhaniyi, njira yopanga umodzi kupambana.

Kupanga mitundu kungatithandize yaikulu maonekedwe kulamulira, bungwe ndi ntchito chuma kumalo a ntchito. Pamene kuchuluka zida luso ntchito ndi kukula voliyumu ya ulimi, pali kusintha kwa mtundu umodzi wa ulimi kwa siriyo ndi misa. Chifukwa, izo yafupika chiwerengero cha anthu ntchito ndi kusauka mtengo wa kukhalabe ndi zikugwira ntchito zipangizo. Chifukwa ndi kuchepetsa ndalama yopanga ndi kusintha mu dongosolo lake.