The hypersonic ndege yachangu mu dziko. Russian hypersonic ndege

Wamba ndege zouluka pa liwiro pafupifupi 900 Km / h. Kwakusiyana asilikali womenya angafikire za katatu liwiro. Komabe, akatswiri amakono ku Russia ndi mayiko ena zikukangalika osauka kwambiri makina mkulu-liwiro - ndege hypersonic. ndi limatchula mfundo chiyani?

Yosayambitsa kwa ndege hypersonic

Kodi ndege hypersonic? Pa anthu ambiri amadziwira monga makina waluso m'mlengalenga imathamanga nthawi zambiri kuposa mukuganiza. Njira fufuzani zina zizindikiro zenizeni iwo mosiyana. njira anagawira limene ndege ayenera kuonedwa ngati hypersonic, ngati ndi angapo kuposa ntchito yachangu liwiro zipangizo zamakono supersonic. Umene uli pafupi 3-4 zikwi. Km / h. Ndiye kuti, ndi ndege hypersonic, mukatsatira njira imeneyi, amayenera kufika liwiro la 6 zikwi. Km / h.

magalimoto opanda ndipo opareshoni

Ikuyandikira ofufuza zosiyanasiyana komanso mbali kudziŵa akugwirizana ndi mupezeke ya zida kwa ndege. Pali lomwe anthu nkhawa zoyenera okhawo makina amene amalamulidwa ndi munthu. Pali mawonedwe, chimene ndegeyo angathe kuonedwa ndi opanda. Choncho, akatswiri ena m'kagulu makina a mtundu uwu kwa iwo amene ali mutu ulamuliro anthu ndi amene ntchito autonomously. Chotero magawano angakhale wolungamitsidwa chifukwa drones akhoza kukhala ndi zambiri zoopsa makhalidwe luso, mwachitsanzo, mwa mawu a liwiro ndi accelerations.

Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amaona hypersonic ndege monga lingaliro limodzi, amene chizindikiro kiyi - liwiro. Kaya pa amazilamulira za makina munthu akukhala kapena makina ankalamulira loboti - chinthu chachikulu kuti ndegeyo anali mokwanira kudya.

Tauka - yekha kapena ndi thandizo la ena?

Kugawira gulu hypersonic ndege, ozikidwa - kuti m'kagulu mu gulu la anthu amene ali okhoza kutenga pa zawo, kapena amene amafuna malawi kwa galimoto zamphamvu zambiri - Roketi kapena katundu ndege. Pali mawonedwe zomwe apparatuses wa mtundu uwu zololeka zimachitika makamaka amene amatha vula lokha kapena ndi okhudzidwa kochepa mitundu ina ya zipangizo. Komabe, anthu ofufuza amene amakhulupirira kuti muyezo waukulu umene wafala ndi ndege hypersonic - liwiro, tiyenera kuchiika mu gulu lirilonse. Kaya ntchito chipangizo ndi opanda, ankalamulira, wokhoza vula lokha kapena magalimoto ena - ngati chizindikiro lolingana ukufika mfundo za pamwamba, ndiye kuti tikulankhula ndi ndege hypersonic.

The mavuto waukulu njira hypersonic

Zikhulupiriro njira hypersonic - kwa zaka zambiri. Kuyambira zaka za chitukuko cha mtundu yoyenera zipangizo akatswiri dziko kuthetsa angapo mavuto kwambiri, mwachikulu kulepheretsa kuika nkhani "hypersonic" pa mtsinje - ngati gulu la ulimi wa turboprop ndege.

Vuto lalikulu mu kamangidwe ka ndege hypersonic - kupereka injini angathe kukhala mokwanira magetsi. Wina vuto - mayikidwe a chofunika chipangizo matenthedwe chitetezo. chakuti liwiro la ndege hypersonic makhalidwe amene takambirana pamwambapa, lingaliro Kutentha amphamvu a thupi chifukwa cha mikangano ya mpweya.

Lero tiona zitsanzo zochepa za prototypes bwino ndege ya mtundu, zimene ndi kutukula anatha kwambiri chitsogolo mu mawu a njira bwino mavuto otchulidwa. Ife tsopano kuphunzira wotchuka mayiko ndi nkhani ya kulengedwa kwa hypersonic ndege ya mtundu uwu.

The ndege yachangu kuchokera Boeing

The yachangu hypersonic ndege m'dziko, malinga ndi zimene akatswiri ena izi ndi American Boeing X-43A. Mwachitsanzo, pamene chiyesedwe cha chipangizo izo Kunalembedwa kuti Iye anafika liwiro owonjezera 11 chikwi. Km / h. Kuti pafupifupi nthawi 9,6 mofulumira kuposa liwiro phokoso.

chapadera hypersonic ndege X-43A ndi chiyani? Features la ndegeyo motere:

- liwiro olembedwa pa mayesero, - 11 230 Km / h;

- wingspan - 1.5 mamita;

- alumikizana kutalika - 3.6 mamita;

- Engine - cocurrent, Supersonic kuyaka Ramjet;

- mafuta - mpweya mumlengalenga, haidrojeni.

Mwina kudziŵika kuti nkhani Makina anthu ambiri wochezeka. Mfundo yakuti mafuta ntchito pafupifupi kumatanthauza mapangidwe mankhwala kuyaka poizoni.

Hypersonic ndege X-43A anayamba kupanga ichitikire ndi akatswiri NASA, komanso makampani Orbical Science Corporation ndi Minocraft. ndegeyo analengedwa za zaka 10. chitukuko wakhala padera pafupifupi 250 mln. madola. Cilamulo zachilendo ankaona ndege kuti udaikidwa kuyesa luso lamakono kuonetsetsa ntchito kwa galimoto yaikulu.

Development ku yozungulira Science

The kampani yozungulira Science, kumene monga momwe taonera, nawo chilengedwe cha chipangizo X-43A, komanso anatha kulenga hypersonic yake ndege - X-34.

pamwamba liwiro lake - oposa 12 zikwi Km / h .. Komabe, mu mayesero othandiza sizinapezekebe zimatheka - Ndipotu, analephera kukwaniritsa chandamale, monga momwe ndege X43-A. Ankaona ndege inapita patsogolo ndi zitheke mivi "Pegasus", ntchito mafuta olimba. Machine X-34 koyamba anayesedwa 2001. Ankaona ndege kwambiri zikuluzikulu wagawo kuchokera Boeing - ndi kutalika mamita 17,78, wingspan - 8,85 mamita Madera okwera hypersonic makina ku Orbical Science -. Makilomita 75.

The ndege ku North America

Wina odziwika bwino hypersonic ndege - X-15, wosindikiza kampani North America. Izi ofufuza wagawo amanena kwa experimental.

Izo zili ndi injini roketi, zomwe zinagwira akatswiri ena musati kuvomereza zoona, kwa kalasi la ndege. Komabe, injini pamaso roketi chimathandiza makina, makamaka kupanga ndege suborbital. Mwachitsanzo, pa chimodzi mwa ziyeso mu mode izi anayesedwa ndi ndege. zida Cholinga X-15 - kuphunzira limatchula za hypersonic ndege kufufuza njira zosiyanasiyana kamangidwe, zipangizo zatsopano ndi zinthu monga makina kulamulira mu zigawo zosiyana za m'mlengalenga. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mfundo ntchitoyi anali ovomerezeka mu 1954. X-15 zouluka pa liwiro la kuposa 7 zikwi. Km / h. Osiyanasiyana ndege ake - oposa 500 Km, kutalika ndi wamkulu kuposa 100 Km.

Kupanga ndege yachangu

Tinkaphunzira pamwamba magalimoto hypersonic makamaka a gulu la kafukufuku. Iwo akhala akugwira kuganizira zitsanzo zina kupanga ndege, pafupi ndi makhalidwe a hypersonic, kapena (mu njira mosiyanasiyana) iwo.

Mwa makina amenewa - American Kukula kwa SR-71. ndegeyo, ofufuza ena amakonda amatchula hypersonic, kuyambira liwiro lake pamwamba ndi za 3,7 zikwi. Km / h. Mwa makhalidwe ake chidwi - kuchokera misa amene ali wamkulu woposa matani 77. galimoto kutalika - mamita oposa 23, wingspan - oposa 13 m.

Chikhochi ndi chimodzi cha Russian MiG 25, ndege yachangu asilikali. chipangizo angafikire imathamanga kuposa 3.3 zikwi. Km / h. Zolemba malire kudzachitika-kuchokera kulemera kwa ndege Russian - 41 tani.

Choncho zochita kupanga msika, pafupi ndi makhalidwe a hypersonic, Federation Russian - mmodzi wa atsogoleri. Koma nanga zochitika mu gawo Russian za "tingachipeze powerenga" ndege hypersonic? Kodi akatswiri ochokera la Russia kuti akonze njira, galimoto mpikisano kuchokera Boeing ndi yozungulira Scence?

Russian magalimoto hypersonic

Pa nthawi, Russian supersonic ndege ndi pansi chitukuko. Koma iye wokangalika. Tikuyankhula zokhudza ndege Yehu 71. mayeso woyamba, malinga ndi lipoti pa TV, anali mu February 2015 ku Orenburg.

Zikuoneka kuti ndegeyo adzakhala kumwedwa asilikali. Choncho, hypersonic chipangizo akhoza, ngati n'koyenera, kupulumutsa zida kuukira pa mtunda wautali, kuwayang'anira m'deralo, koma nawonso monga mchitidwe kuukira ndege. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti mu zaka 2020-2025. SMF kufika pa 20 mtundu wa ndege ziwalo.

Pa TV pali malipoti kuti Russia ankaona ndege hypersonic adzaikidwa pa mivi ballistic "Sarmat" chomwenso ndi ili pa siteji kapangidwe. Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kukhala hypersonic makina Yehu 71 - palibe kanthu ngati warhead, amene ayenera anapambulwa pa mizinga ballistic mu mbali yomaliza ya ndege, ndipo chifukwa cha khalidwe mkulu wa maneuverability ndege kugonjetsa machitidwe chitetezo chida.

"AJAX" ntchito

Pakati pa ntchito kwambiri chidwi zokhudzana ndi kakulidwe ka ndege hypersonic - "AJAX". Tidzaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane. Hypersonic ndege "AJAX" - la cilamulo chitukuko cha akatswiri Soviet. M'deralo sayansi za zokambirana anayamba mu 80s. Mwa makhalidwe ambiri lodziwika - pamaso pa dongosolo matenthedwe chitetezo lakonzedwa kuteteza nyumba kuchokera kutenthedwa. Choncho, kutukula za "AJAX" chipangizo adzadzipereka yankho limodzi mwa mavuto "hypersonic" zafotokozedwa pamwamba pathu.

Traditional matenthedwe chitetezo dera zouluka ikukhudza kuyika pa thupi zipangizo zapadera. "AJAX" kutukula amasonyeza lingaliro osiyana, chimene si kumawateteza makina kuchokera Kutentha kunja, ndi kuvomera kutentha mu makina, pamene kuwonjezeka gwero mphamvu yake. The mpikisano waukulu makina Soviet ankaona hypersonic ndege, "Aurora", analengedwa mu United States. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti okonza Soviet Union kwambiri kukodzedwa mwayi wa zosiyana, ndi chitukuko atsopano wapatsidwa zosiyanasiyana ntchito, monga kafukufuku. Tikhoza kunena kuti "AJAX" - hypersonic wosiyanasiyana ndege.

Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane za zaluso zamakono anapereka akatswiri ku USSR.

Choncho, okonza Soviet "AJAX" akufuna ntchito kutentha kwaiye chifukwa cha airframe cha mikangano ya m'mlengalenga, akatembenuka mu mphamvu zothandiza. Mwaukadaulo, tingathe kukwaniritsa poika chipangizo pa zipolopolo ena. Chifukwa, izo anapanga chinachake ngati thupi chachiwiri. M'mimbamo ake akuyenera kudzaza ena chothandizira, mwachitsanzo, chisakanizo cha zinthu kuyaka ndi madzi. Kutentha zokutira zitsulo wosanjikiza unapangidwa zinthu molimba, "AJAX" kuti m'malo pa madzi, amene pa dzanja limodzi, ayenera kuteteza injini, pa zina - ukanawonjezera zimene othandizira, amene Komabe, akhoza limodzi ndi zotsatira endothermic - kayendedwe ka kutentha kwa akunja ndi mbali mkati choncho. Theoretically, yozizira gawo lakunja chipangizo akanakhoza kukhala chirichonse. kutentha muyeso, nayenso, amaganiza kuti ntchito pokonzanso dzuwa la injini ya ndege. Ndiponso, njira imeneyi adzalola mafuta kupanga chifukwa anachita mitundu ya ufulu wa hydrogen.

Panopa zilipo zambiri anthu pa kupitiriza kukula kwa "AJAX" zilipo, koma ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira oyamba mfundo adzapeza kwambiri Soviet ntchito.

Chinese magalimoto hypersonic

Mpikisano wa US ndi Russia pa msika njira hypersonic amakhala China. Pakati wotchuka kwambiri akatswiri zojambula ku China - ndege Wu 14. Ndi kulamulidwa hypersonic glider kuti aikidwa pa mzinga ballistic.

IDB imalankhula ndegeyo ku malo, kumene galimoto kwambiri swoops pansi, kukhala ndi liwiro hypersonic. wagawo Chinese akhoza wokwera pa IDB osiyana ndi osiyanasiyana 2 ndi 12 zikwi. Km. Anapeza kuti pamene mayesero makina Wu 14 anali kukwaniritsa imathamanga owonjezera 12 chikwi. Km / h, zimaoneka mu ndege yachangu hypersonic malinga ndi akatswiri ena.

Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira kuti chitukuko China si wolungamitsidwa ndithu kunena kuti gulu la ndege. Motero, Baibulo wamba, limene zida ndi kuti wachinsinsi monga warhead a. Ndipo kwambiri. Pa ndege pansi ndi liwiro Amowabu ngakhale masiku ambiri chida chitetezo dongosolo kungapangitse kuti kudutsana cholinga choyenera.

Mwina kudziŵika kuti chitukuko cha magalimoto hypersonic wotanganidwa ndi zolinga usilikali, nawonso amachita Russia ndi United States. Pakali pano, Russian lingaliro, chimene chinali cholinga kuti alenge mtundu yoyenera makina, zimasiyana, umboni ndi deta ena a TV, pa mfundo zamakono zagwiridwa ndi America ndi Chinese. Choncho, kutukula la Chitaganya cha Russia anaikira khama m'munda wa ndege okonzeka ndi ramjet injini kuti akhoza kuthamanga pansi. Russia akufuna kugwirizana umenewu ndi India. magalimoto Hypersonic analengedwera kwa lingaliro Russian, monga akatswiri ena ndi mtengo wotsika ndi ntchito onse.

Pa nthawi yomweyo Russia hypersonic ndege, zomwe tanena pamwamba (U-71), amalandiranso, malinga ndi akatswiri ena, monga nthawi aikidwa pa ICBMs. Ngati mawu izi ziri zoona, ndiye ife tikhoza kulankhula zimene akatswiri ochokera la Russia akugwira ntchito ku malo awiri otchuka pomanga cilamulo ndege hypersonic.

chidule

Choncho, mwina yachangu hypersonic ndege mu dziko, mwa mawu a ndege, kaya gulu awo, komabe makina Chinese Wu 14. Ngakhale kuti ayenera kumvetsa kuti mudziwe zenizeni za izo, kuphatikizapo wokhudza mayesero, akhoza wachinsinsi. Izi zikhale zogwirizana ndi mfundo za kutukula Chinese, omwe kawirikawiri chirichonse anali kuyesera kusunga luso lawo pankhondo mseri. Liwiro la ndege yachangu hypersonic - oposa 12 zikwi Km / h .. Iwo "amakumana" ndi chitukuko ya American X-43A - Akatswiri ambiri amakhulupirira izo ndi yachangu. Theoretically hypersonic ndege X-43A, ndi Chinese Wu 14 aigwire pa chitukuko Orbical Science, masamu pa mlingo wa zoposa 12 sauzande. Km / h.

Makhalidwe a Russian ndege U-71 silinakwaniritsidwe anaululira anthu. N'zotheka kuti adzathetsedwa pafupi ndi magawo a ndege Chinese. Akatswiri Russian amatsogolera chitukuko cha ndege hypersonic amatha kuduliratu ICBMs sayendera, ndi paokha.

ntchito panopa ofufuza ku Russia, China ndi United States mu njira ina chikugwirizana ndi asilikali. ndege Hypersonic, mosaganizira za gulu lawo zotheka, amaonedwa makamaka ngati chotengera zida zambiri za nyukiliya. Komabe, mu ntchito ofufuza ochokera kuzungulira dziko kudzakhalire mfundozo kuti "hypersound" monga luso nyukiliya, zikhoza kukhala mwamtendere.

Zili kwa Kubwera kwa lingapezeke ndi odalirika kukonza kuŵeta magalimoto a mtundu yoyenera. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo ngati n'zotheka osiyanasiyana linafalitsidwa kwambiri wa Boma la chitukuko zachuma. Anthu ankafuna kwambiri ndege hypersonic ndi angapezeke mu makampani danga ndi kafukufuku.

Monga mtengo wa ziwalo kupanga makina luso chidwi pakuika ntchito zimenezi amayamba kusonyeza bizinesi zoyendera. Industrial mabungwe, angapatse ntchito zosiyanasiyana mukhoza kuyamba kuganizira "hypersound" ngati chida kutukula mpikisano wa malonda mu mgwirizano wa bungwe la mauthenga lonse.