Franz von Papen: yonena, chidwi mfundo, zithunzi

Munthu mmodzi amene tsoka wakhala chisomo, anali wandale German ndipo nthumwi Franz von Papen. Pa nthawi yonse imene iye kawirikawiri pafupi imfa, kapena pakhomo la ndende. Komabe, mwayi nthawi anasangalala kudzampulumutsa mavuto, ndi kulola wokalamba, amene iye ayenela sanayenere.

Youth mbeu ya Akhristu

Iye anali mwayi kudzabadwira ku banja la mwinimunda, mmodzi wa ana a banja wakale knightly, amene makolo kamodzi anakwera mapiri fumbi la Palestine. Izi zinachitika mu 1879. Monga chiyenera kukhala m'banja mfulu, mnyamatayo linamveka dzina yaitali, kuti aliyense amatha kutchula mu mpweya chomwecho - Frants Yozef Herman Michael Maria Von Papen.

Youth, chuma ndi dzina wotchuka - kodi chinanso chofunika kwa pantchito yabwino ndi banja lake m'thumba? More ndi kufwanyulira unyamata pa masaya ake, anali kale mkulu wa General Wogwila, ndipo posakhalitsa sanazengereze bungwe ndi banja malonda awo ndi kukwatira Mkwatibwi wolemera Germany - wamkazi ndi heiress yekha wa magnate lalikulu, mwini wa kampani Villeroy & Boch, mmodzi wa ziwiya zadothi opanga kutsogolera .

Mapeto a ntchito ya usilikali

Chiyambi cha First World nkhondo, Franz von Papen anakumana mu United States, monga attache German nkhondo. Komabe, nthawi ina, nthumwi wina wachisungwana adapanga miscalculation ndi olakwa espionage ndi woukira, anachotsedwa dziko. Kunyumba, iye anali mu nkhondo amene anamenya nawo Belgium, Alsace, Latoringii ndi kumpoto kum'mawa France.

Mu 1918, Franz von Papen pantchito asilikali ngati msilikali wamkulu. Pamaso kuti akanatha kukhala woimira German General Wogwila mu la Turkey, amene anayesa Palestine kukana kubwera kwa asilikali British. Anayamba mbiri wake ndi zokambirana n'ngwokayikitsa ndi Republican Irish mwachinsinsi ogwidwawo ndi zida German kulimbana ndi gulu la Ufumu wake Mfumukazi.

Tauka ntchito ndale

Kukhala wamba, Von Papen, monga mokomera munthu wa bwalo lake, anadzipereka ndale, akutumikira monga kazembe Prussian Landtag (Zemsky yamalamulo) ku Catholic Center Party. Mwaluso akuyendetsa pakati pa mafunde osiyanasiyana a ndale, mu 1932 anatha kutenga malo a nduna yaikulu pansi Hindenburg, koma kukhala mu ofesi miyezi isanu yokha - wabweretsa ndi kusowa pafupifupi thandizo mu Reichstag.

Yopulumutsa zinthu, iye anayesetsa kumanga Mgwirizano ndi kukopa kumbali yake yagoletsa ndiye kukakamiza National Socialist Party. Komabe, Franz von Papen ndi Hitler sudalingane. Hitler wogwidwa ankafunitsitsa ulamuliro umodzi munthu ndipo sanafune kuuza aliyense. Chifukwa, pa chiyambi cha December 1932 boma unatha, ndipo mutu wake unali mongoyembekezera ntchito.

Kusokera wotsatila Chancellor

Ndi kubadwa kwa Von Papen popatsa chuma ndi dzina wotchuka, tsoka anamupatsa ndi makhalidwe kofunika mfundo bwino: anali wochenjera, amphamvu, ndi, Chofunika, ankhanza. Ndi chaka chino pambuyo yosiya anakakamizika a Franz von Papen - wotsatila Chancellor ya ulamuliro wa Hitler, analengedwa ndi mdani wake wakale andale a Adolf Hitler.

Komabe, nyamuka dizzying pafupifupi kutaya moyo wake. Chifukwa kuti watumikira monga kulankhula umene Von Papen mu June 1934. , Iye amadzinenera kuti afotokoze thandizo kwa malonda ndi osankhika ndalama dziko, Simunakondweretsedwe Nazi zinthu monyanyira ndi apamwamba ake zokomera. Amadziwika kuti boma lopondereza maganizo alionse, chimatsutsana ndi malamulo a mtsogoleri ndi mlandu woukira boma ndipo analangidwa koopsa. Pankhaniyi, nashkodivshego wotsatila Chancellor anali kupulumutsidwa ku imfa ndi bwenzi lake lapamtima Goering.

Komabe, sanali ngati chochitika lomaliza moyo wake. Franz von Papen, amene mbiri komanso m'tsogolo lidzadzaza ndi anthu amavutika imene nthawi anatuluka sinawonongeke, ndi chitsanzo cha mbiri woona wa minion chuma.

Kazembe anafuna kupha

Kupewa mkwiyo kwambiri freethinking wake, koma katundu positi wotanganidwa kale, mu 1934, Von Papen anaikidwa kazembe German kuti Austria. Kuyesera mwa onse yom'pepesera kwa vinyo wakale, iye anapereka thandizo mabuku osiyanasiyana ovomereza-German mabungwe m'dera mtundu. Koma m'malo kuyamikira kachiwiri pafupi imfa.

chakuti kulanda a Austria, anapita mpaka mu mbiri pansi pa dzina Anshlyuz, Hitler zofunika chowiringula ndithu. Ndipo kodi kukhala oyenera kuposa pambuyo kuphedwa? Kuti zimenezi zitheke, dongosolo anayamba kupanga, chimene Von Papen ndi udindo anafuna wa wosalakwa. Kuti ndi chimwemwe, mu January 1938, miyezi iwiri pamaso pa German nkhondo ya Austria, apolisi anasokoneza likulu la Nazi m'deralo, ndipo manja ake anali zikalata waunikira dongosolo obisika. Choncho, mbadwa ya Akhristu kachiwiri pang'ono kuphedwa.

The misadventures zina za lodziwa

Nthawi yotsatira tsoka la mwayi wagwa kupulumutsa Von Papen ku imfa pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, koma izi zinali osati asilikali. N'zosangalatsa kupewa kutsogolo, anakhala zaka zisanu, atagwira malo a kazembe German ku Turkey. Komabe, kutali ndi moyo wabwino ofuna mavuto ambiri. Panthawi imeneyi, iwo anayesetsa maulendo "kuchotsa" Soviet apolisi chinsinsi, amene ntchito ndi kuteteza kazembe German kukakamiza boma la Turkey nawo nkhondo mbali Germany. Komabe, pali mwayi anali kumbali ya Von Papen.

Iwo sanasinthe iye ngakhale pamene ulamuliro wa Hitler anagonjetsedwa ndi magulu a asilikali anagwirizana. Kumangidwa makonzedwe lankhondo la chinayi US Army, ndi anthu ena a Nazi amene anaonekera pa Nuremberg doko, iye mlanduwo. Franz von Papen osati kupewa zokoloweka, amene anapita kwa anzake akale, ndipo ngakhale m'ndende.

Chifukwa cha moyo chipwirikiti

Komabe, zaka ziwiri za moyo wake anali ndi kuthera kumbuyo mipiringidzo. Mu 1947, pambuyo nkhondo Germany inali ntchito kwa de A-Nazification - ayeretse anthu German ku zotsatira za malingaliro Nazi. Pakuti Von Papen anali zochepa Munaleza kuposa Nuremberg Khoti, ndipo analamula kuti zaka eyiti m'ndende. Komabe, patapita zaka ziwiri iwo wolembedwawo maloya achita ntchito zawo, ndipo anali mfulu.

Kale m'tsogolo Frants Fon Papen, chithunzi cha amene anapereka m'nkhani, tatopa ndi ndale, iye anadzipereka yekha kuti kulemba Maulendo Ake. Wolemba anali wakhama kwambiri, ndipo nthawi asanafe, amene anatsatira mu 1969, anali lofalitsidwa ndi mabuku ambiri. Mu iwo, iye nthawizonse ndayesera kulungamitsa malamulo a Germany pambuyo Hitler anayamba kulamulira.