Chiwindi ntchito mayesero: mawu olembedwa kusanthula. Normal zizindikiro chiwindi ntchito

Chiwindi - ndi chimodzi cha ziwalo zofunika kwambiri anthu. Ndi mothandizidwa ndi kugawanika ndi poizoni, zatsalira mankhwala. Tsiku lililonse izo poyera nkhawa yaikulu, koma, koma mofulumira anabwezeretsedwa. Mwatsoka, izi zimachitika okha ina. Kudziwa chiwindi ntchito maluso kuthandiza mayesero chiwindi ntchito. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti kusanthula kudzakuthandizani kuti mupeze vuto la thupi.

Chiwindi ntchito mayesero - ndiko

Pofuna kudziwa mmene chiwindi ndi ya ndulu ducts, mankhwala amakono amagwiritsa maphunziro ambiri a zasayansi, pamodzi amatchedwa mayesero ntchito chiwindi. Mfundo kuphunzira linakonzedwa ndi venous zitsanzo zosankhidwazi magazi, ndipo ntchito kuti kusanthula izi:

• Ast, alt;
• bilirubin;
• zamchere phosphatase;
• okwana mapuloteni;
• thymol mayeso;
• albumin.

mayesero zasayansi zimenezi kupenda kuyan'anila wogwila, komanso luso chiwindi akukhalabe limodzi ntchito zake zofunika kwambiri - kaphatikizidwe wa michere ndi zinthu zina zofunika kwa moyo wabwinobwino.

Chiwindi ntchito mayesero - alt, Ast

Amkati michere Ast ndi alt ali ndi Mbali yofunika kupanga ena amino zidulo. Norma Ast ndi alt ndi osiyanasiyana malingana ndi jenda ndi zaka wodwala, komanso thupi lake, kutentha ndi moyo. Mu wathanzi chamoyo, chiwerengero chawo ndi negligible, ndi amuna pang'ono kuposa akazi.

Aspartate aminotransferase (Ast)

enzyme umenewu uli zambiri mu zimakhala chiwindi, mwina mu mtima ndi akatumba. wamkazi Normal ndi 10-35 U / l, ndi amuna - kuchokera 14 20 U / L. Kuwonjezera mfundo yachibadwa zingasonyeze kuwonongeka kwa ziwalo kumene ali. Malinga ndi mmene malamulo ndi kuposa (ndi chithunzi ichi zingasiyane ochepa nachuluka zisanu - kakhumi), kudziwa mlingo wa kuwonongeka. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ndi ndondomeko pathological amakhudza chiwindi, ndi wathunthu chiwindi mayesero ntchito. Galamafoniyo kusanthula kumatsimikiza kapena refutes kukayikitsa ndi Mwina mkulu.

Alanine aminotransferase (alt)

Chiwindi enzyme, Ast ndi monga nawo kagayidwe ndi kwa amino zidulo makamaka. Monga Ast, makamaka panopa maselo a chiwindi, ndi mtima minofu minofu. wokhutira mwa amayi nthawi zambiri zimasiyanasiyana 10 30 U / L. Mu amuna, mlingo ali 10-40 U / L. Komanso chidzasonyeza owonjezera minofu kuwonongeka, muli alanine. Ngati mlingo wa Ast ndi alt kuchuluka, ndiye zingasonyeze pamaso pa matenda monga a chiwindi tizilombo pachimake mowa kapena chakudya poizoni, matenda a chiwindi, pamaso pa majeremusi.

bilirubin

Pali mitundu itatu ya bilirubin - mzere (chikugwirizana), mosadziwika (unbound) ndi akukhudzidwira, yotsirizira kulibe palokha, koma kuchuluka kwa mtundu woyamba ndi wachiwiri. Nkhanizi inki aumbike chifukwa oipa a heme, womwe ndi mbali ya hemoglobin. Dongosololi chikuchitika mu maselo chiwindi. Pamaso pa njira pathological mu hepatocytes kapena ya ndulu ritsa ndi kusintha bilirubin seramu.

Total bilirubin siyana mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera 3.3 mol / l kuti 20,5, ndi mzere pafupifupi 25% ya kuchuluka okwana i.e. mpaka 3.3 mol / l, ndipo mozungulira - 75% (13,6-17 1 mmol / l). Kukachitika kuti kuchuluka chiwindi mayesero ntchito mwina akuganiza njira zosiyanasiyana yotupa mu chiwindi ndi ndulu. Zowoneka kuwonjezeka bilirubin matenda a chikasu ndiyo akuwonekera.

phosphatase zamchere

Wina enzyme ya ndulu ducts koyenera kuti uziyenda wabwinobwino wa thupi, - ndi phosphatase zamchere. Iwo amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu kashiamu ndi phosphorous kagayidwe, mwachindunji okhudza chikhalidwe cha minofu fupa. Komabe, wambiri phosphatase zamchere alipo zimakhala chiwindi ndi mucosa matumbo, zopangitsa mammary. kuwerenga Normal zimadalira m'badwo wodwalayo. Mu msinkhu mpaka zaka 30 za makhalidwe wabwinobwino wa phosphatase zamchere mpaka 32-92 IU / L ndi achikulire - kuchokera 39 mpaka 117 IU / L. adzachita chiani kuyesa kwa magazi? mayesero chiwindi ntchito zambiri alibe kuchepetsa index izi ndi kuchuluka kwake zikusonyeza matenda kagayidwe kachakudya, makamaka - kuphwanya zoyendera phosphorous. Izi zikhoza kukhala kuphwanya outflow wa ya ndulu mu ducts ya ndulu (cholestasis), chiwindi matenda enaake, matenda parasitic, pachimake mowa poizoni.

chitsanzo thymol

Thymol mayeso - izi ndi mayesero ena, mbali ya mayesero ntchito chiwindi. Galamafoniyo kusanthula mu nkhani iyi ikusonyeza luso la chiwindi kuti lithe zigawo mapuloteni magazi. Thymol mayeso amatanthauza chitayiko. Kulinyamula kuti chisakanizo cha seramu ndi gawo lotetezedwa njira Chinawonjezeka njira zimalimbikitsa wa thymol ndipo pambuyo theka la ola amayang'anitsitsa zovuta njira amakhala mitambo. mfundo Normal zitsanzo za ranged kuchokera 0 kuti mayunitsi 5. Kulera amapezeka matenda a kaphatikizidwe mapuloteni ndi chizindikiro akhoza chiwindi tizilombo, chiwindi matenda enaake ndi matenda ena connective minofu. Zothandiza kuposa atayezetsa? Chiwindi ntchito zoyesa, ndipo thymol makamaka, kulola magawo oyambirira, popanda kuyembekezera mawonetseredwe matenda a matenda ndi kudziwa chiyambi mankhwala okwanira.

albumin

Mmodzi wa akuluakulu mapuloteni plasma - albumin ndi. Ndi chigawo kutsogolera kukhala kuthamanga oncotic ya magazi, ndipo chotero, bwanji buku la kufalitsidwa magazi. Komanso, albumin amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu ntchito zoyendera ndi kumanga ku zidulo ya ndulu, bilirubin, calcium ayoni ndi zinthu mankhwala. Mlingo wabwinobwino wa albumin uli mkati 35 - 50 g / l. Kuwonjezeka ntchito zimawonedwa odwala ndi madzi m'thupi kwambiri, utachepa - ndi chifukwa kuganiza njira yotupa mu chiwindi, sepsis, njira enaake ophwanya. Komanso, kuchepa albumin seramu n'zotheka ndi kusala kudya nthawi yaitali, ntchito ya kulera m'kamwa, steroids kusuta.

Total mapuloteni

Mawu akuti "okwana mapuloteni" zimatanthawuza kuti ndende okwana albumin ndi globulins ku seramu magazi. Ichi ndi mbali yaikulu ya kagayidwe mapuloteni mu thupi la munthu. Iwo amachita zosiyanasiyana ntchito: kupitiriza zonse pH magazi kumatanthauza njira clotting, zochita m'thupi, kulanda mafuta, mahomoni ndi bilirubin mu ziwalo ndipo zimakhala. Chifukwa dokotala zikusonyeza odwala ayesedwe mayesero chiwindi ntchito? Kufotokoza (ponseponse index ayenera osiyanasiyana monga 64 kuti 86 g / L) adzakhala aluso kumvetsa, ngati ntchitozo akhudzidwa. Choncho, kuchuluka mapuloteni zingaoneke matenda pachimake ndi aakulu yotupa ndi matenda, komanso amayaka kwambiri. Akusiya chingachitike n'chiyani magazi, matenda aimpso amene anatsagana ndi zomvetsa zochuluka zomanga thupi (glomerulonephritis), khansa ndondomeko.

Chiwindi mayesero ntchito, kusanthula mawu olembedwa zomwe ndi zofunika kwambiri pa matenda a zinthu zambiri pathological chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina adzakhala m'mawa kusala (chakudya otsiriza ayenera kuchitidwa sikuli maola osachepera 8 pamaso mayeso). Madzulo zosowa kuti achotse mowa ndi mafuta zakudya.