Bestuzhev-Marly: yonena ndi chithunzi

Bestuzhev-Marly ndi imodzi mwa oimira wotchuka kwambiri wa gulu Achikondi mabuku Union. Kunena, ndakatulo ndi nkhani yake yovuta anali wotchuka kwambiri pa nthawi imodzi, ndipo aliyense linanena bungwe la ntchito yake inali chochitika mu moyo zolembalemba dziko lathu. , Imatchedwanso monga chiwalo cha kugalukira Decembrist ndi monga bwenzi la Pushkin.

Mfundo Zina za moyo

Bestuzhev-Marly, amene yonena ndi chidwi kwa ife, anabadwa mu 1797 mu losauka koma wolemekezeka m'banja lapamwamba. bambo ake Palinso mabuku, wachita kufalitsa mayi ake adadza ku malo pakati kalasi. mwana wawo anaphunzitsidwa mu migodi Cadet Corps, koma popeza atatsiriza mtundawo, analowa utumiki. Iye anali msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja pa ulamuliro posts njira, ndiye m'gulu la asilikali a. Regiment wake ataima pa Peterhof m'tauni ya Marly (mutu umene kenako anatenga pseudonym wolemba a). Ndi nthawi ino, anayamba ntchito zolembalemba.

Ntchito yoyamba

Bestuzhev-Marly anali wotsatira wa gulu Achikondi, amene mbali anaonekera mu ntchito zake oyambirira, "Roma ndi Olga", "Revel wapadziko" ndi ena. Iye anagwira ntchito limodzi ndi magazini otchuka nthawi, ndipo kenako pamodzi ndi ndakatulo zina Ryleev limafalitsa anthology yake "kumalo ozizira Star", limene masamba ku nsanamira nkhani yamapeto zoyenera kusinkhasinkha mabuku ndi chi ntchito za m'mbuyomu. maganizo ake ndi mfundo iliyonse chikwiyire mtsutso posonyeza mabwalo zolembalemba, monga mwa zaka basi anali kukambirana za malangizo otani ayenera kukhala ndakatulo zoweta ndi prose.

maganizo zolembalemba

Bestuzhev-Marly anatsutsa classicism, kukangana kuti kukuchititsa zimenezi kale akale. Pa nthawi yomweyo, acemeresa chiyanjo cha romanticism mabuku. Wolemba kuonera woyimba monga Shakespeare, Schiller, ndipo makamaka Byron. Iye anati mfundo akhazikitsidwa ndi alembi amenewa, ayenera kukhala maziko a chitukuko cha mabuku dziko. Wolemba ndakatulo yekha adalipo yosonyeza kuti anthu ndi amphamvu otchulidwa modabwitsa ndi zikhumbo amphamvu, opanduka mwachibadwa. Masiku amenewo, zinali mawu atsopano mu mabuku komanso kutsutsa. Mumadziwika publicist, Belinsky kwambiri kwambiri wolemba nkhani wa.

Nawo gululi Decembrist

Bestuzhev-Marly analowa "Free Society of Okonda Russian Literature", kumene iye anali membala zonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iye anali membala wa Decembrists anthu ndipo ngakhale anatenga gawo mu zochitika pa Senate Square. Iye anatsogolera asilikali a Moscow Regiment, koma atagonjetsedwa wa kulankhula mwaufulu anagonja kwa akuluakulu a boma. Chifukwa chotenga mbali mu gululo, iye demoted ndipo anaweruzidwa kuti ntchito zaka makumi awiri 'zovuta, ndingokhala ukapolo ku Siberia. Iye anatumidwa kwa Yakutsk, komwe anayamba kuphunzira kwa anthu wamba moyo ndi chikhalidwe. Zotsatira zochokera kuzipenya lake, iye analemba nkhani zokhudza moyo m'dera lino.

mu Caucasus

Alexander Bestuzhev-Marly Patapita nthawi iye anasamutsidwa kuti utumiki asilikali ndi mkulu bwino. Iye anapita kukatumikira ku Caucasus, kumene nkhondo ndi mapiri, kusonyeza mtima ndi mosaopa, amene anali kupereka. Nthawiyi ndi yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya ntchito yake chifukwa chakuti n'kumene adalenga ntchito wotchuka kwambiri.

Analenga Bestuzhev- Marlinsky kutsogolera chakhala chochitika chofunika m'mbiri ya mabuku zoweta Achikondi nyengo. Zolemba chidwi kwambiri monga "mkulu Belozor", "Ammalat Muzipemphera" ndi ena. peculiarity awo ndi kuti iwo anabweretsa wolemba lonse mtundu watsopano wa ngwazi: munthu wa msinkhu, ndi maganizo ndi makhalidwe. otchulidwa wake kunyamula amaonekera wa romanticism Byronic. Mu njira iyi amakopeka ndi zosiyana, kuti aliyense buku latsopano wolemba akuyembekezera. Bestuzhev anaphedwa mu 1837 mu nkhondo, thupi lake sanapeze.

nkhani

Bestuzhev-Marly, nkhani yochepa amene okhutira ndi bwino amaonekera wa romanticism, chidwi limachokera ku chifaniziro cha umunthu amphamvu ndi Zopatsa zapadera. Chitsanzo ndi buku lake, "Neuhaus Castle," amene ali odzipereka pofotokoza ubwenzi adani awiri; Knight a Novgorod ndi Kenturiyo amene, pamene tinali adani pa nkhondo, komabe mosangalala. Njira imeneyi inali zambiri khalidwe la ntchito chikondi. Mafotokozedwe a ntchito zimenezi, anajambula mu nthawi Soviet, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti ntchito wolemba n'ngotchukabe.

Ubwenzi ndi Pushkin

Zilandiridwenso Bestuzhev-Marly tiyenera kuziganizira pa nkhani ya chi pamene chikoka chachikulu anali ndi zinthu za Romanticism, atagonjetsa mu dziko lathu ochokera m'mayiko Western European. Pa mfundo imeneyi, wolemba anakhala mabwenzi Pushkin, amene mu nthawi oyambirira a ntchito ake analipira msonkho kwa malowa. Ndicho chifukwa chake wolemba mofunitsitsa lofalitsidwa ndakatulo chikondi cha Alexander mu Almanac wake, komanso ochokera ndakatulo wake "wamndende wa Caucasus", "Majipise". The mankhwala otsiriza Bestuzhev ofunika makamaka kwambiri. Komabe, posakhalitsa Pushkin anayamba kulenga zimathandizadi mankhwala ikukwaniritsa zosowa za mabwalo ophunzira, ndi kuŵerenga. Bestuzhev anakhala adherent wa romanticism. Komabe, onse ndakatulo iyi kukhala wochezeka. Nthawi zonse anasinthanitsa makalata. Amadziwika kuti Pushkin anali wapamwambatu ofunika Marly nkhani, ena mwa iwo anali kukopa ena (mwachitsanzo, nkhani "Mkuntho").

chilengedwe mtengo

ntchito Bestuzhev anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa mabuku ano. Panthawi imeneyi, pakhala kusintha kwa classicism kuti romanticism. Choncho, mabwalo ophunzira a nthawi anasonyeza chidwi chenicheni pa ntchito yake. Malinga m'nthawi yake, nkhani Marly anatsegula gawo latsopano mu chitukuko cha mabuku dziko. Koma posachedwapa ife anayamba kuchoka ntchito za chikhalidwe m'chombocho. Ndi, poyamba pa zonse, nkhani ya Pushkin ndi Gogol, amene anasiya romanticism n'kupita Cithunzi yokhudza moyo.

ntchito zawo Kunasonyeza azimuth latsopano prose, pamene olemba anayamba kufotokoza moyo monga izo ziri. Against maziko a ntchito izi Bestuzhev-Marly ntchito anasowa ndipo patapita kanthawi wawaiwala. Komabe, ntchito yake kukhala chochitika yodziwika mabuku Russian. ntchito yake kwakhudza Lermontov (pa buku "A Hero Nthawi", makamaka mu sewero la wolemba).