Anayambitsa Kulibin Ivan Petrovich?

Anthu ambiri akudziwa za kwambiri Russian injiniya Ivan Kulibin. A woyamba makamaka zamalonda anatengerapo mwayi si kawirikawiri anamva adiresi ya dzina lake: "Ndinu ngati Kulibin" Komabe, anthu ochepa mukudziwa kuti dazeni chitukuko IP Kulibin setifiketi yekha. dziko tsopano amadziwa kuti wamanga Town anamanga heavy-ntchito yomanga mlatho, ndipo ndicho chimene Kulibin anatulukira izo - sindikudziwa.

chizindikiro cha zatsopano ndi

Ivan Petrovich anabadwa mu Nizhny Novgorod m'chaka cha 1735. N'zosadabwitsa kuti banja lake sadaphunzire anthu, choncho luso la kudzikonda anaphunzitsa makaniko anali talente wochititsa chidwi kwambiri!

Banja Ivan analipo likuvutika malonda ang'ono-ang'ono: bambo ake sanali wazamalonda ndi Old Okhulupirira, ndipo mayi ake anali kuchita ulimi ndi zinathandiza kuti nkhani.

Kuyambira ali mwana mnyamata anamva chisoni kwambiri kwa zomangamanga umafuna kapangidwe ndi onse kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri, amene pa nthawi m'midzi sanali kwambiri. Koma odzipereka sayansi mnyamata sanafune kusunga mabuku ndipo anapita kuphunzira m'mudzi locksmith ophunzitsidwa, anapotoloka, horology.

zinachitikira phindu, Kulibin zimapangitsa maso ake choyamba, wapadera lero dziko kupeza. Ting'onoting'ono Kutulukira amagwira ntchito maola a nkhondo, komanso bokosi nyimbo ndi zisudzo kakang'ono. Patsogolo ntchito yaluso Nizhny Novgorod ambuye sakanakhoza kukana yekha Catherine II - kunapatsa maso ake, ndipo anapempha Kulibina ntchito.

Mu 1769, Ivan afika malo mu Academy of Sciences, ndipo lero akutumikira zabwino za sayansi Russian.

Komabe ochepa anatulukira analandira setifiketi wokwatibwa ndi mbuye ndi kumanja. Ambiri mwa zojambula ndi masanjidwe akhalabe zosakwanira chilakolako injiniya.

Tiyeni tione zinthu zingapo zimene anatulukira Kulibin, koma okhala.

Nkhafi ndikupita injini madzi

Mu 18 m'ma Burlatskii malipiro ntchito inali imodzi mwa njira ambiri kusuntha makhoti ndi otaya mitsinje, komanso madzi osaya.

Ivan anaganiza kuti achepetse anthu kuvutika ndi kukhazikitsa mu steamship ntchito zomangamanga luso - vane galimoto. mfundo zake ntchito zachokera njira ya gulu la zombo ntchito anangula ndi zingwe - amagwa zotsogola nangula ndi chingwe adalisolola sitimayo. Ndipo pamene munthu anakwera ngalawa yonyamula katundu "anali" kuponya wina - ndi zina pa intaneti.

Kulibin angwiro dongosolo. Tsopano, m'malo ogwira ntchito chingwe kulimbitsa chotengera anali injini (zinali gudumu ndi masamba 2) ntchito mphamvu madzi. Yooneka ngati yosavuta ndi wangwiro kamangidwe, amene adzapulumutsa mphamvu mazana boatmen, ndi amalonda - mazana a ndalama. Komabe, ngakhale pambuyo mayesero bwino pa gulu la chombo ndi 65 Tew matani ndalama kupanga mchenga akhala.

Mwatsoka, ili si chinthu chokha chimene anatulukira Kulibin Ivan Petrovich, koma sanathe kukhazikitsa ulimi.

Chikepe kwa Mfumukazi

Okalamba Catherine II sadzachitanso anasamukira ku nyumba ya Winter Palace. Choncho Kulibin anapatsidwa ntchito zofunika - akwere ndi pamalo kwa Mfumukazi yekha.

Winch ndi Nyamulani sanayankhe mkhalidwe waukulu kukonza zingwe denga la nyumba kunali koletsedwa. Aluso wasayansi anabwera ndi njira yofanana ndi ntchito ya mpando ofesi kapena kumanga nati: mtumiki anatembenuka chogwirira, ndi wononga imazungulira kudzanja, anawuka ndipo anatsitsanso mpando. Mwatsoka, ndi Nyamulani mawotchi lero Sunakhalepo. Atamwalira Catherine II chopanda pake adayikidwapo njerwa, ndiponso ufulu wa olemba kuti chitukuko Kulibin konse. Anagonjera wina amene anatulukira Kulibin, koma ine ndikuganiza mwana wawo sakanakhoza.

mlatho

Ngati masomphenya a Catherine II sanalephere iye pa nthawi imeneyo, izo ankaona kuti kumanja ndi woyambitsa wa ntchito ya mlatho St. Petersburg.

Mu zaka za m'ma 19, Ivan ayambe wangwiro kwambiri kapangidwe osakwatiwa-chikhato mlatho. Pa chidali chifuniro chake, ntchito zambiri ngati zaka 30! Ngakhale chosadziwa kofunika masamu ndi sayansi, iye mosadziwa, munjira yooneka watsegula malamulo atsopano. The mwayi wa mlatho chinali chifukwa chakuti pa iwo sanathe kupatsira zombo spilivaya machesi awo.

Great Euler, afufuze zojambula mbuye anadabwa ndi kupanda zolakwa ndi zoipa mwa iwo. Potemkin yekha anasankha ndalama kumanga chitsanzo mlatho, koma zothandizira imeneyi inatha.

Ndipo patapita zaka 30, wazomangamanga wotchuka anali Town Bridge, osati I. Kulibin kuti anatulukira mlathowu.

"Agogo" galimoto

Mwazina, Ivan Petrovich anatulukira kudziletsa injini chikuku. Maonekedwe ndi kwambiri monga galimoto, koma mfundo ya ntchito zinali zosiyana. Chikuku zikhoza kuganiziridwa njinga hybrid ndi ngolo, monga tingati imbaendesa munthu ndi kukanikiza ngo. Kuyambitsa kwa nthawi yaitali anali ngati chidole cha osankhika, koma kuti azikonza kupanga ake iye akukhumba ndi sanawonekere. Zojambula "galimoto agogo" kumizidwa mu chisokonezeko, iye mpaka kufika pano.

Musati kusokoneza stroller kuti anatulukira Kulibin ndi veloekipazh Shamshurenkova. Kutulukira wake anali wamkulu ndi kokondweretsa: mipata yokwanira awiri, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira veloekipazh inasanduka sled a. Ndikufuna kuona chidwi kufanana: Leonty Shamshurenkova kupanga chitukuko ndipo palibe wina anali pachibwenzi ndi zojambula kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri wake anasowa.

The prosthesis loyamba

Mu zaka za m'ma 19 Kulibin anapereka kwa Academy of Sciences antchito "mukudziwa momwe"! Prosthesis simulates nthambi m'munsi. Choyamba chinali kumanga mayeso Nepeytsyn - anaduka mwendo kuukira Ochakov, ndipo tsopano ntchito yake asilikali anali msewu! Komabe, Ivan Kulibin kuti anatulukira mwendo wake watsopano, ndipo anapereka chiyambi atagonjetsa adani ake atsopano! Chifukwa, Nepeytsyn analimbikitsidwa ndi akuluakulu onse ndipo analandira oseketsa dzina Iron mwendo.

dongosolo adzitengere ulamuliro kukulozani zombo, wanthambo kuwala, ndi ntchito ya chitsulo mlatho wa Volga - mndandanda ka zinthu zimene anapanga Kulibin Ivan Petrovich.

Photos ndi zojambula za ambiri a iwo, mwatsoka, sanapulumuke. Komabe, ulemerero ndi chikumbukiro munthu uyu zapadera ayenera kukhala mu mitima yathu!