The zambiri zoletsa kuwuma kapena "zoletsa kuwuma"? Kodi n'zotheka m'njira "zoletsa kuwuma" ndi zoletsa kuwuma?

Nthawi zambiri, ziziyenda novice osati amamangirira zofunika kwambiri kwa dongosolo injini kuzirala galimoto, koma ambiri ndiribe lingaliro chomwe angachite ngati wodzazidwa ndi galimoto zawo. maganizo amenewa anali chidwi ndi losakhutitsa. Ndipotu, kusankha olondola kumadalira osati kokha pa chikhalidwe luso galimoto, komanso thanzi lanu. Today tikambirana chiyani zabwino odana ndi amaundana kapena "zoletsa kuwuma" poyerekeza ndi mzake.

prehistory

Mfundo mkangano woterowo mungakumane yekha mu dziko lathu, mwamsanga pamene ife ankachita gulu ngati a mtundu umenewu zakumwa. chakuti "zoletsa kuwuma" - ndi zoletsa kuwuma chomwecho, koma yopangidwa ku Russia. Chifukwa cha ichi, ziziyenda ambiri kwambiri Chenjerani ntchito yake, ankaona kuti adzaze gawo ili mu magalimoto odula ndi apamwamba.

M'pomveka kunena kuti chiopsezo "kwerani" pa yabodza mu nkhani iyi, ndi chowonadi ndi lalikulu, koma zakunja zoletsa kuwuma yabodza pang'ono pokha. Choncho funsolo za pyadidi zoletsa kuwuma kapena "zoletsa kuwuma", poyerekeza ndi khalidwe, osati yolondola kwambiri. Kupusa kuyerekeza madzi omwewo. Akhoza penapake pereinachit nkhani imeneyi: bwino (kapena woipa) M'banja coolant poyerekeza Anzawo ake akunja?

Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, tiyenera kudziwa mbali ongolankhula. Kumene, kuphunzira za zoletsa kuwuma ndi zoletsa kuwuma kwa zinthu sangakhale mwachidule, koma Chofunika kwambiri mukhoza kupeza motsimikiza.

General mudziwe zikugwira ntchito

Mogwirizana ndi pafupifupi onse akatswiri magalimoto, osachepera 20% zolakwa zonse injini zokhudza madzi yozizira mwachindunji, ndi wina% 44 - zina. N'chifukwa chake mwanzeru kudzakuthandizani kuti iye ndalama zambiri ngati kukonzanso kwa injini - chochitika kovuta kuti analembedwa ndi wotchipa kwambiri (makamaka pa mitengo panopa kuwombola).

Childs, madzimadzi onse yozizira ku matabwa ake monga ethylene glycol mankhwala (kawirikawiri propylene glycol), komanso madzi ndi kuchuluka yaikulu zina omwe cholinga chawo ndi kuteteza njira dzimbiri. Ndipo apa "crux": Mosiyana ndi zosakaniza lenileni la opanga osiyana mu akanema, ndi zikuchokera zina, amene ntchito mu ndondomeko kupanga.

Mfundo nawonso waukulu zinsinsi malonda opanga, monga zinthu zimenezi zimadalira onse katundu anagulitsa mwa iwo.

Kodi ayenera kutsatira mu malo oyamba?

Kuti tiyankhe funso bwino odana ndi amaundana kapena "zoletsa kuwuma" galimoto yanu, n'kofunika kuwerenga malangizo kapena buku utumiki, zimene Mlengi ayenera kupereka mfundo zonse pa mtundu yochezera ndi coolant ndi mokoma ntchito zake. makampani Western zambiri mwachindunji zopangidwa makamaka a zoletsa kuwuma, amene ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu magalimoto awo. Iwo anadutsa sipekitiramu lonse la kafukufuku ndi mayesero, choncho amayenda sizidzawapweteka makina anu.

Koma chokwanira cha mawu. Nkofunika kudziwa bwino zoletsa kuwuma kapena "zoletsa kuwuma", ngati ife tikufanizira madzi awa ndi mzake. Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli, muyenera kudziwa kuti mankhwala awa amatuluka mu njira zamakono atatu osiyana.

• Traditional. Pankhaniyi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito analenga pamaziko a salt zochita kupanga asidi (i.e., silicates, nitrites, ku feteleza, phosphates ndi zina zotero. D.).
• Carboxylate (OAT). Ngati muli bwino zimapangidwira, mudzaona kuti mu nkhani iyi ntchito M'malo mwake, salt organic asidi (carbonate, kukhala enieni).
• Zophatikiza. Mu nkhani iyi, coolant ndi kwaiye pamaziko a organic zina phukusi, amene ali pano mu zikuchokera wamng'ono kuchuluka kwa silicates ndi / kapena phosphates.

Chotero kodi zoletsa kuwuma bwino, chifukwa? Ndipo tsopano tafika pa zofunika kwambiri. M'banja opangidwa ndi njira za makolo, pamene inatha anapanga ndi luso carboxylate. Choncho, pofuna kumvetsa mphamvu ndi zofooka zawo, m'pofunika kudziwa makhalidwe a nyimbo zofanana. Tidzaona bwinobwino mbali yaikulu eyiti kuti tione ntchito tsiku la galimoto iliyonse galimoto.

Kusokoneza kapena kulepheretsa?

Mwa njira, kodi n'zotheka kuti mu njira "zoletsa kuwuma" ndi zoletsa kuwuma? Ngati mwawerenga mosamala mfundo choperekedwa pamwambapa, muyenera kale kudziwa yankho. Ayi, yemwe sali wokwanira kuchita. Komanso, kuyang'ana pa mitundu ya osiyana mitundu ya odana ndi amaundana ku opanga osiyana. Wina kwenikweni. Pamaso kusintha zoletsa kuwuma (kapena "zoletsa kuwuma") nadzatsuka bwinobwino ndi otchezedwa injini madzi. The zikuchokera akhoza wodzazidwa pokhapokha dongosolo yozizira adzakhala kukhetsa madzi oyera kwathunthu.

Osakaniza ngakhale ku kampani imodzi, koma ndi mumtundu, kusokoneza mosamalitsa Sikuti. Koma ngakhale nyimbo kuchokera opanga osiyana, koma mtundu umodzi, akhoza aposa wina ndi mnzake. Palibe zoopsa Pankhaniyi sizidzachitika. Kotero inu mukuona ngati inu mu njira "zoletsa kuwuma" zoletsa kuwuma.

Kayendesedwe m'malo coolant

Izo nthawizonse ndi zothandiza kubwereza ndondomeko ya kuchotsa coolant.

• Timaika galimoto kotero kuti mbali kutsogolo anali otsetsereka pang'ono pansi.
• Unscrew pulagi ndi kukhetsa madzimadzi pasadakhale wotambasula chidebe ndi khosi lonse.
• Kachitidwe yozizira ndi osambitsidwa ndi madzi wamba otchezedwa imene ndi zofunika kuwonjezera wapadera kuyeretsa kusakaniza. Madzi kukhuta, sapota zisoti onse ndi mapulagi. Pambuyo kuti mukufunika galimoto ndi kuyatsa chotenthetsera zonse kuphulika kanyumba. Gawira ntchito kwa mphindi zosachepera khumi.
• Yankho anakhala akatulutsidwa, ndondomeko akubwerezedwa nthawi ziwiri kapena zitatu.
• 2/3 kukhuta wolandila zoletsa kuwuma zikuchokera, ndi kusiya chubu lotseguka, kuthamanga injini galimoto. Izi adzachotsa dongosolo wanu m'matumba onse mpweya. Tikuyembekezera onse maminiti khumi chomwecho, aposa ndi odana ndi amaundana msinkhu anakhumba, kutseka thanki.

yozizira Mwachangu

Koyamba, luso ochiritsira bwino kuti umakaniko amateteza zitsulo ku dzimbiri. Kodi? Nyimbo zimenezi kupanga wosanjikiza mamilimita 0.5 wandiweyani, amene yothetsa padziko zigawo, kumathandiza chitukuko cha njira dzimbiri.

Ndi kokha madutsidwe matenthedwe filimu ndi moyipa kuti kuzirala kwa injini akhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi 50%, amene si wabwino. Mwachidule, zoweta "zoletsa kuwuma" Nthawi zambiri kutumikira monga insulator kwambiri! injini wayamba overheat zonse (ngakhale yovuta), ndipo zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti ntchito zake mu zinthu zimene ndi chinthu luso sanali kusinthidwa. Iye amavala kunja mofulumira kwambiri kumawonjezera mafuta ndi madontho mphamvu.

madzi Carboxylate pankhaniyi bwino patsogolo. Iwo amapanga wosanjikiza zomuteteza, koma wochindikala sali wamkulu kuposa 0,0006 mm (60 angstroms). filimu imeneyi anali pafupifupi ziribe mphamvu pa ndondomeko kuchotsa kutentha kwa injini, koma chifukwa sali overheat. Kotero kuti chabwino: zoletsa kuwuma kapena "zoletsa kuwuma"? Kodi kusankha pakati pa mitundu iwiri ya zakumwa akhoza kwenikweni asamangodalira Mbali imeneyi? Kumene ayi.

ntchito nthawi coolant

Akatswiri motsimikiza kuti pafupifupi 90% ya milandu, ngati ndi antifreezes zoweta, monga zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka silicates ndi nitrites. Silicates mu nkhani iyi, ndi anawonjezera pofuna kuteteza zotayidwa, pamene nitrites polimbana kukokoloka cavitation.

Kumene, zikuchokera coolant ndi optimally moyenera. Koma ngati zichitika kuti ena zigawo mtengo, "zoletsa kuwuma" mwamsanga wotaya katundu zake zonse, choncho bwino kutetezedwa injini kutenthedwa komanso dzimbiri. mfundo ndi yakuti chifukwa cha kutentha komanso zinthu zina, silicates ndi nitrites pafupifupi mwathunthu precipitate mkati makilomita 30-35 zikwi. Choncho, madzi yozizira itatha nthawi iyi onse katundu oonongeka pafupi kwathunthu.

Madzi anapangidwa pamaziko a salt organic, pafupifupi musati kuchepetsa ubwino wawo kwa nthawi opaleshoni ake. Zina pafupifupi musati precipitate, yankho mu nthawi ya ntchito pafupifupi homogeneous. Choncho, ambiri zoletsa kuwuma lachilendo ntchito bwinobwino kwa zaka ziwiri (osati makilomita osakwana 100 zikwi).

Koma! Chenjezo ziziyenda novice, kuti m'malo a madzi yozizira ( "zoletsa kuwuma" kapena zoletsa kuwuma) ayenera ikuchitika yake, osati potsata zikuchokera kwasanduka chinachake icky.

Protection zotayidwa ndi zotayidwa kasakaniza wazitsulo pa kutentha ndi katundu mkulu

Si chinsinsi kuti masiku ano makampani galimoto kukula kufunika Ufumuyo ntchito zotayidwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake. Makamaka, ngakhale injini amapangidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo izi. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti madzimadzi wathu yozizira zoipa kwambiri pamodzi zotayidwa, monga iwo amachita chiyani sateteza thunthu kwa akuwonongedwa mu kutentha ndi akatundu.

Ofufuzawa anapeza kuti madigiri pa kutentha pamwamba 105 centigrade "zoletsa kuwuma" pafupifupi ikutha kuteteza zotayidwa. Ndipotu mbali chake wachita kale ntchito ndi opanga wa zopangidwa zonse zotsogolera galimoto.

Tikawonetsetsa mankhwala carboxylate m'dera kumasonyeza apamwamba ntchito zotheka. Akatswiri imachitika zoyesa pa dzimbiri zazikulu m'malo osiyana, anapeza kuti apamwamba zoletsa kuwuma amalola ntchito injini zopangidwa aloyi zotayidwa ndi 45-60% yaitali.

Machitidwe akuti madzi mpope

Amadziwika kuti waukulu chifukwa madzi mpope kulephera ndi hydrodynamic cavitation. Mwachidule, uwu mapangidwe thovu ambiri mafuta madzimadzi ndi mofulumira kugwa limagwirira awo kuchokera pamalo ntchito. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, aliyense zipangizo chachiwiri pansi hydrodynamic kuukira, lomwe limathandiza kuti kudzitsitsa mofulumira wa zitsulo. M'kupita kwa nthawi, M'mimbamo ndi likakhazikitsidwa komanso mbali ndithu.

Koma mu nkhani iyi Ndikufuna amalangiza kuti "atsogolere" mu opanga kulengeza. Malamulo a sayansi sangathe kunyengeza, choncho kusiyana pakati pa zoletsa kuwuma ndi "zoletsa kuwuma" Pali pafupifupi ayi. No zoletsa kuwuma chitetezo adakulabe mu nkhani iyi, sangathe kupereka.

Njinga chitetezo liners cavitation

mavuto aakulu kwambiri kutentha zagonjetsedwa kwa cavitation monga zapamadzi galimoto injini yamphamvu. Pankhaniyi kumaonekera "zoletsa kuwuma". Ife tanena kale kuti ndipamene wandiweyani zoteteza film, amene ali mogwira mtima kuposa kuteteza chiwonongeko cha zitsulo.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kapangidwe ndi katundu

Silicates, amene ntchito kupanga "zoletsa kuwuma" kukhala ndi chizolowezi zosasangalatsa kusamukira ku boma gel osakaniza. Phosphates yemweyo, zimene zili mu gawo la coolants mtundu amakonda precipitate pa m'zinthu kawirikawiri Kutentha ndi kuzirala. Pamodzi ndi angakhale angelo onse ndipamene "infernal osakaniza" imene kwathunthu amaononga Redieta ndiponso kupewa ntchito yachibadwa a dongosolo yozizira la injini ya galimoto. Koma nyimbo madzi zochokera carboxylated kwathunthu wopanda zovuta.

Ngakhale ndi mapulasitiki ndi elastomers

Mu dongosolo yozizira ya makina amakono massively ntchito pulasitiki, elastomer, labala ndi silikoni zinthu. Nyimbo Carboxylate mulibe zinthuzi pa chikoka zoipa. Komabe, apamwamba "zoletsa kuwuma" komanso sawononga labala, pulasitiki ndipo silikoni, kotero kuti pankhani imeneyi mankhwala ali pafupifupi wofanana.

Ichinso umboni ndi maphunziro yaitali opanga zoweta ndi achilendo galimoto, amene alephera kuzindikira chilichonse kusiyana kulikonse kwambiri m'dera limeneli.

Kotero kuti chabwino: "zoletsa kuwuma" kapena zoletsa kuwuma, ndi kusiyanitsa iwo? Ambiri, onse ndi yosavuta. Kuti magalimoto akuluakulu ndi osewera chitsulo injini wapadera palibe kusiyana. Mwina, mu nkhani iyi yoyenera kwambiri "zoletsa kuwuma" (chifukwa cha mtengo otsika). Zowoneka, kusiyana kwa mankhwala awa si n'kotheka, ayenera asamangodalira okhulupirika a opanga galimotoyo. Ndipo chotero Mpofunika kugula madzi okha m'masitolo apadera.

Palibe cholakwika ndi ntchito m'malo zoletsa kuwuma "zoletsa kuwuma", koma kulipira zambiri mowa wotchipa, amagulitsidwa pansi pa amati wa mtengo kwambiri, nthawi zonse zosasangalatsa.

Zina mwa njira kusiyanitsa

Komabe, ena njira alipobe. Mwachitsanzo, ena "akatswiri" akulangizidwa kuyesa kukoma kwa zikuchokera: akukhulupirira kuti "zoletsa kuwuma" wokoma monga kapangidwe kake zambiri ethylene. Izo basi kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi ife tikanakhala mwamphamvu analangiza, kuyambira madzi onse yozizira injini ndi owopsa (digiri osiyanasiyana). Kodi chimene inu kusiyanitsa "zoletsa kuwuma" kapena zoletsa kuwuma? Kodi ndikudziwa wodzala mu thanki?

Ngati mungathe kuthira pang'ono zikuchokera mu ena mphika, kuchita ndi kuyang'ana pa ndondomekoyi: chake "kapangidwe" "zoletsa kuwuma" Kuli ngati mafuta ndiwo zamasamba, pamene odana ndi amaundana koposa zonse amaoneka ngati madzi opanda. Kumbukirani kuti zikuchokera mtundu wa chilichonse silimanena monga izo zimatengera yekha pa nsalu kuti mukhoza kuwonjezera aliyense (omwe ntchito ndi ogulitsa malonda achinyengo).

Choncho, milandu yambiri kutsogolera zoletsa kuwuma. Izi ndi zowona makamaka ndi magalimoto atsopano amene anamasulidwa mu zaka zingapo zapitazi. Apa ife pafupifupi anayankha funso la chimene ali bwino: "zoletsa kuwuma" kapena zoletsa kuwuma (ndi chifukwa). Mpaka kulongosola ochepa mfundo zazing'ono.

Kusamalira za chilengedwe

Apa nyimbo carboxylate kusonyeza zotsatira zabwino. Ndipo si kwambiri mankhwala awo zikuchokera, koma nzeru za banal. Iwo ayenera kusintha zambiri kamodzikamodzi, choncho kuwononga chilengedwe umagwiritsidwa zochepa kwambiri. Pomaliza, inde, mwa mawu a umagwirira zosakaniza carboxylate akadali bwino mmene savuta akonzanso, ndiye sangachitire kuvutitsa chilengedwe.

Kotero inu mukudziwa chimene chiri bwino: zoletsa kuwuma kapena "zoletsa kuwuma", ngati n'zotheka kusokoneza zosakaniza izi, komanso chikhalidwe chawo. Tikukhulupirira kuti malangizo athu zinali zothandiza inu.