Mitundu yotsitsimula. Maonekedwe, makhalidwe, cholinga

Antifreeze (kuchokera ku Chingerezi "amaundana") ndigwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi kwa madzi apadera omwe amawathandiza kuti ayambe kuyendetsa timagulu timene timatenthedwa mkati mwa opaleshoni - mkati mwa moto, injini, mafakitale, mapampu, ndi zina zotero. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsitsimutsa, ndipo makhalidwe awo ndi osiyana. Chizindikiro cha zakumwazi ndi malo otentha kwambiri komanso malo otentha kwambiri. Mu injini zamagetsi zoterezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Iyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kubisala sikuli kwamuyaya. Izi ziyenera kusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi, makamaka pa nyengo yopuma. Mwamwayi, ambiri am'galimoto akunyalanyaza ndondomeko yotere kapena kutsanulira zomwe zidzagwa pa mkono. Pakalipano, iyi ndi nkhani yaikulu yomwe imayenera kumvetsetsa ndikudziwa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti muzisankha madzi ozizira. Musanayambe kudziwa kuti ndi chiani chomwe chimapangidwira, muyenera kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane zomwe zili komanso momwe chimakhalira .

Kutsuka kwa injini yoyaka injini

Pamene zikuwonekera kuchokera ku dzina, chifukwa cha zomwe zikuchitika mkati mwa injini, kutentha kwake kumachitika. Chifukwa chake, zimayenera kuziziritsa. Zimayendetsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira. Ikuyenda kudzera muzitsulo zapadera. Kotero, ndi chiyani chomwe chimatsitsimutsa ndipo chimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Madziwo, kudutsa muzitsulo, amawotcha, kenako amalowa mu radiator, momwe amachitira. Pambuyo pake, ndondomeko ikubwereza. Antifreeze amazungulira mosalekeza pansi, ndipo amapereka mpope wapadera.

Cholinga cha ozizira

Mafuta apadera amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchotsa kutentha kwa injini. Kuwonjezera pa kuziziritsa, zimatanthauzanso kutentha kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a injini. Njira zomwe zimayendayenda zimatha kutsekedwa ndi zida ndi dzimbiri. M'malo otere, injini idzatentha kwambiri. Choncho, pamene njira yozizira imatha, mutu wamphepete nthawi zambiri umagwedezeka.

Ntchito yachiwiri ya SOD ndiyo kutentha kwa chipinda choyendetsa komanso msonkhano wokhotakhota. Choncho, chophimbacho chimaphatikizidwira mu chipinda chozizira ndipo ndi gawo lake lofunika kwambiri. Pamaso pa mawonekedwe otchuka, madzi wamba ankatsanuliridwa mu dongosolo lozizira. Koma adali ndi zofooka zambiri. Choyamba, madziwa amawombera pa madigiri 0 ndipo nthawi yomweyo amafuula, akung'amba zitsulo zachitsulo. Choncho, ku USSR kunali kofunikira kwambiri nyengo yozizira madzulo aliwonse kukhetsa madzi kuntchito yozizira. Chachiwiri, madzi amadzimadzi pa madigiri 100. Pa nthawi imeneyo, magalimoto sanatenthedwe mpaka kutentha kumeneku. Koma m'mapiri otentha otere sizinali zachilendo. Kusokoneza kwachitatu kwa madzi ndikulimbikitsa kutupa. Makina ozizira ndi makombero mkati mwa injini amawotcha kwambiri, ndipo kutentha kwawo kwautenthe kunachepa.

Kuphatikiza mazithunzi

Kotero, kodi kumangotani? Chophweka, chiri ndi zigawo ziwiri:

• Zofunikira.
• Zowonjezera zovuta.

Maziko ndi mapangidwe a madzi-glycol (ziribe kanthu kaya ndi mtundu wanji wa antitifreeze). Luso loti lisamafeze kutentha, kutentha, kutentha kwake kumadalira pa izo . Chigawo chofala kwambiri cha chozizira chilichonse ndi ethylene glycol. Komabe, kusakaniza kwake ndi madzi kumathandizanso kuwonongeka kwa zinthu zomwe zimakhala zozizira. Koma momwe mungakhalire mumkhalidwe umenewu? Zowonjezeredwa zawonjezeredwa pamunsi pa izi. Izi ndi zovuta zowononga, zowonongeka ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu. Kuphatikiza apo, mafuta onunkhira onunkhira ndi zonunkhira nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa.

Mitundu ya mankhwala ndi maonekedwe awo

Mankhwala amadzi ozizira amasiku ano amagawidwa m'magulu awiri - silicate ndi carboxylate. Chidziwitso chonse chodziwika bwino ndi mtundu woyamba kuposa wotsika mtengo komanso wamba. Ziphuphu ndizo zowonjezera zowonjezera zakumwa zozizira. Zinthu zochepazi zimakhala kuti zimakhazikika pamakoma a misewu yomwe ili m'kati mwa zitsulo ndikusokoneza kutentha kwabwino. Zotsatira zake - kawirikawiri moto umatentha kwambiri. Palinso zojambula zina zazikulu - chotsitsimutsa chokhazikika chiyenera kusinthidwa pafupifupi makilomita 30,000. Apo ayi, padzakhala zizindikiro zoonekeratu za kutentha kwa njira zowonongeka, zomwe zidzakhala zovuta kupirira. Kutsekemera kwa thupi kumakhala ndi zidulo zokha zokhazokha. Zodabwitsa za zowonjezera izi ndizokuti zimaphimba malo okha ndi zowonekera kutentha. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuyendetsa matenthedwe kazitsulo ozizira sikutheka. Ubwino winanso wa mankhwala osakaniza - nthawi yayitali. Chomeracho chikhoza kugwira ntchito mpaka 150,000 makilomita kapena zaka zisanu.

Chizindikiro cha antifreezes

Pakalipano, pali mitundu itatu yokha yokhayokha: G11, G12 ndi G13 (malinga ndi General Motors USA) - mogwirizana ndi zomwe zili m'zinthu zawo. Kalasi G11 - yoyamba, yokhala ndi zida zowonjezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Madzi amenewa ndi oyenera magalimoto ndi magalimoto.

Chotsitsimutsa cha gulu ili chiri ndi mthunzi wobiriwira kapena wabuluu nthawi zambiri. Ndilo m'kalasiyi kuti munthu akhoza kutchula chidziwitso chodziwika pakati pa dziko lathu. Mkalasi G12 - mtundu waukulu wotsitsimula. Zomwe zimapangidwa zimaphatikizapo zowonjezera (carboxylate ndi ethylene glycol). Chombochi chimapangidwira makamaka zamakampani akuluakulu ndi zamakono zamakono zamakono. Ndi yabwino kwa ntchito yolemetsa yomwe imakhala yozizira kwambiri.

Ali ndi mtundu wofiira kapena wa pinki. Kalasi G13 imapangidwa ndi antifreezes, kumene propylene glycol imagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko. Chombo choterechi chimapangidwa ndi wopanga mu mtundu wachikasu kapena lalanje. Chikhalidwe chake ndi chakuti, pamene icho chilowetsa kunja kwa chilengedwe, chimatha mofulumira kukhala zigawo zikuluzikulu, mosiyana ndi ethylene glycol. Choncho, zochokera ku gulu la 13 ndizokwanira zachilengedwe.

Kusankha mtundu wa kubwezera

Antifreeze, monga tanenedwa kale, imakhala yowonjezereka kwambiri ndi kukwera kwa kalasi. Choncho, sikoyenera kupulumutsa pa izi: mtengo wapatali umatanthauza bwino. Kuphatikiza pa makalasi, palinso mtundu wina wotsutsa. Izi ndi zakumwa zokonzeka kugwiritsira ntchito. Yoyamba ikhoza kuyamikiridwa kwa oyendetsa galimoto, ndipo makina odziwa ntchito angayese kuyesera. Ayenera kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi osungunuka kuti akhale ofanana.

Kusankha chizindikiro cha kutsegula

Chifukwa chakuti madzi ozizira ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri cha injini yamoto yoyaka mkati, pali opanga ambiri opanga mankhwalawa. Zina mwazofala ndi makampani angapo. M'dziko lathu ndi: "Felix", "Alaska", "Sintek". Zogulitsazi zimakhala zogwirizana mofanana ndi chiwerengero cha "mtengo wa mtengo". Antifreezes "Felix" ali m'kalasi G12, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Chombocho "Alaska" chikugwirizana ndi antifreeze (kalasi G11, ndi zowonjezera zowonjezera).

Malinga ndi zomwe mungasankhe, "Alaska" imatha kugwira ntchito yotentha kwambiri: kuyambira -65 mpaka 50 madigiri (Arctic ndi tropical zikuchokera). Zoonadi, kalasi G11 imayambitsa zoletsa zina pa kutalika kwa madzi ndi katundu wake. Komabe, mtengo wa demokarasi ndiwopambana kwambiri. Zogulitsa za kampaniyo "Sintek" zimapangidwa makamaka mu kalasi G12. Izi zimakhala zabwino kwambiri pa injini zamakono zamakono . Zowonjezerapo za mankhwalawa - zovomerezeka, zopindulitsa, zoteteza ma depositi ndi kutupa pazitsulo za mkati mwa dongosolo lozizira.

Kusakaniza kwa mitundu yosiyana

Mawu ochepa ayenera kunena za kusakaniza katundu wosiyana. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsitsimutsa komanso yogwirizana, mwatsoka, imafika ku zero. Zotsatira zake, pangakhale kusiyana pakati pa zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana.

Chotsatiracho chikhoza kukhala chosiyana kwambiri, mpaka kuwonongeka kwa mapaipi a rabara a dongosolo lozizira ndi kutseka kwa njira mu injini. Ziyenera kukumbukira kuti m'makonzedwe ogwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, amaletsedwa kudzaza madzi. Popeza ali ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya kutentha, maonekedwe otentha a dongosolo lozizira amasintha. Kuonjezera apo, mitundu yosiyanasiyana yotsitsimutsa chifukwa cha kupanga ndi kukhalapo kwa zowonjezerapo, imakhala ndi mafuta, ndipo poyesa madzi, poyamba, madzi amatha kupweteka. Chomvetsa chisoni kwambiri, ngati mutadzaza madziwo ndi madzi osungunula pambuyo pa madzi. Kenaka, akuyankhulana ndi salt zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi madzi, zimayamba kuphulika. Ndiye izo zidzakankhidwa kupyolera mu mipata yaing'ono ndi kumasuka. Izi zimachitika ndi zozizira zonse (ziribe kanthu kaya ndi mitundu yanji yomwe imasakanikirana).

Kuzimitsa ngati chizindikiro cha kayendedwe ka galimoto

Mkhalidwe wa ozizira mu injini ukhoza kugwira ntchito mwachindunji monga chisonyezo cha galimotoyo bwino ndipo pang'onopang'ono amasonyeza chikhalidwe chake. Ngati mankhwalawa ali mdima ndi mitambo, ndi zowonongeka pansi pa sitima yowonjezera, ndiye kuti galimoto sikuti imakhala ndi mtunda wautali wokha, komanso ndi zizindikiro za kusamalidwa bwino.

Woyang'anira wachikondi ndi woganizira ena sangakokedwe ndi madzi m'malo ozizira .

Zomwe zimagwira ntchito magalimoto ndi antitifreeze mu dongosolo lozizira

Pofuna kuteteza kuwonongeka, nthawi yowonetsera kayendedwe kake ndikofunika. Pogwiritsira ntchito ntchito yowonongeka, kuchita ntchito yake yaikulu, kutentha kwa injini kupita ku radiator, kumapita patsogolo. Mosasamala mtundu uliwonse umene unagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndipo katundu wa antifreeze amasintha ndi nthawi. Kuwonjezera pa kuyang'anira mkhalidwe wa madzi enieni, munthu sayenera kuiwala dongosolo lomwelo. Izo ziyenera kukhala mwamtheradi zopanda mphamvu. Kutulutsa mpweya kapena mpweya sayenera kuyamwa mmenemo. Kuwoneka kwa zoterezi mu dongosolo lozizira kumapangitsa kuchepa kwa mautentheni otentha. Makina monga zotsatira amathamanga mofulumira, amatsogolera mutu wa silinda. Chombocho sichitha kuchira.

Kotero, ife tinapeza mtundu wa antifreeze ndi kuvomerezana kwawo wina ndi mzake.