Amene anapeza Africa ndipo mu chaka chimene

Pa funso la amene anapeza Africa ndipo mu chaka chimene, sangapereke yankho lolozeka. Kugombe la kumpoto kwa Africa Black linali lodziwika bwino kwa anthu a ku Ulaya monga kale wakale. Libya ndi Igupto anali mbali ya Ufumu wa Roma.

m'madera kuphunzira mu sub-Saharan Africa, unayambitsidwa mu M'badwo Chipwitikizi wa Apeza. Komabe, m'madera mkati a mu Africa anakhalabe unexplored mpaka m'ma XIX atumwi.

amakedzana

Afoinike anakhazikitsa mu dera Mediterranean mizinda yambiri-madera, wotchuka kwambiri amene anali Carthage. Iwo anali anthu amalonda ndi amalinyero. Padziko 600 BC ku Foinike ikuchitika padziko zombo zingapo oyendayenda padziko Africa. Iwo adakocheza ku Nyanja Yofiira Egypt, tinapita chakum'mwera m'mphepete atazungulira Africa, inakhala kumpoto, anagonjetsedwa pa nyanja ya Mediterranean ndi mayiko mbadwa anabwerera. Choncho, choyamba kupeza Africa, tinganene kuti Foinike wakale.

Maulendowa wa Hanno

Anasunga wakale gwero pofotokoza ulendo wa ku gombe la Senegal Foinike mozungulira 500 BC. Mtsogoleri wa maulendowa anali kuyenda panyanja wa Carthage. Izi ndi kudziwika kalekale wapaulendo mwa anthu amene anapeza Africa. Dzina munthu uyu Gannon.

zombo ake a zombo 60 anachokera Carthage, anadutsa Khwalala la Gibraltar ndi kuyenda gombe Morocco. Pali Foinike anayambitsa madera angapo n'kupita. olemba mbiri amakono amavomereza kuti Gannon anafika, osachepera ku Senegal. Mwina mfundo kwambiri za ulendo anakhala Cameroon kapena Gabon.

yokopa Arab

Ndi XIII m'ma AD, Africa North anagonjetsedwa ndi Asilamu. Ndiye iwo kupita. Kummawa, pamodzi ndi Nile ku Nubia, kumadzulo - kudutsa Sahara kuti Mauritania. zoona zokhudza zimene chaka anatsegula Aluya Africa, sichinayambe anapulumutsidwa. Akukhulupirira kuti kufala kwa Islam pakati pa anthu akuda m'dzikoli unachitika mu IX-XIV zaka.

Kumayambiriro Chipwitikizi Maulendo

Azungu chidwi wakuda Africa m'zaka za m'ma XV. Chipwitikizi zipsera Enrike (Heinrich), wotchedwa kuyenda panyanja, mwadongosolo kufufuza kugombe la Africa kufunafuna njira nyanja ku India. Mu 1420, Apwitikizi anakhazikitsa kuthetsa pa chilumba cha Madeira, ndipo mu 1431 analengeza m'gawo lake Azores. malo awa akhala mfundo lina Maulendo m'tsogolo.

Mu 1455 ndi 1456 ofufuza awiri Alvise Cadamosto ku Venice ndi USUS di Mare Genoa zombo anafika m'kamwa mwa Gambia ndi gombe la Senegal. Pa nthawi yomweyo, wina wofufuza Italy Antonio De Noli anapeza zilumba za Cape Verde. Kenako anakhala kazembe chake choyamba. apaulendo onsewa, amene anatsegula azungu ku Africa, anali mu utumiki wa Chipwitikizi kalonga Enrique. Gulu ulendo wawo anapeza Senegal, Gambia ndi Guinea.

kuwonjezera maphunziro

Koma atamwalira Henry Anthu oyendetsa sitima, pa maulendo Chipwitikizi m'mphepete African anapitiriza. Mu 1471 Fernan Gomes anatsegula dziko ndi Ghana golide wolemera. Mu 1482 Diogo Kahn anapeza m'kamwa mwa mtsinje waukulu, ndipo anaphunzira za kukhalako kwa ufumu waukulu wa Congo. Chipwitikizi unakhazikitsidwa mu Africa West forts angapo zokhalamo. Iwo ankagulitsa olamulira m'dera la tirigu ndi nsalu chosinthana golide ndi akapolo.

Koma kufunafuna njira India kupitiriza. Mu 1488, Bartolomeu días moti kum'mwera kwa Africa. Iye anawatcha Cape of Good Hope. Akafunsidwa za amene ndi pamene anatsegula Africa, kawirikawiri amakhala ndi kukumbukira chochitika.

Pomaliza, Vasco da Gama, anasiya Cape of Good Hope, iye anapitirira ndi 1498 anafika India. M'njiramo anapeza Mozambique ndi Mombasa, anapeza kuda amalonda Chinese.

Dutch kulamulira

Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XVII, ndi Dutch anayamba kudutsa mu Africa. Anayambitsa West Indian ndi East India Company yolowera m'mayiko kunja, ndipo amafunika madoko wapakatikati kupita ku Asia. Apwitikizi anayesa kuletsa zokhumba za Netherlands. Iwo ankanena kuti munthu anatsegula a Africa woyamba, ndipo munthu ayenera eni Africa. Nkhondo sikunathe pakati pa mayiko, imene Dutch anakwanitsa kupeza kufalikira pa dziko lapansi.

Mu 1652 Jan van Riebeeck anakhazikitsa mzinda wa Cape Town, chimene chinali chiyambi cha kulamulira kwa South Africa.

Zokhumba za m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya

Kuwonjezera pa Chipwitikizi ndi Dutch, mayiko ena ankafunanso kukhazikitsa njuchi pa dziko lapansi. Onsewo pamlingo winawake akhoza kutchulidwa ndi anthu amene anatulukira Africa, chifukwa m'dera la kum'mwera kwa Sahara panthawi kuti unexplored kwathunthu, ndipo aliyense ulendo apeza zinthu zatsopano.

Kale mu 1530 amalonda British anayamba malonda Africa West, akubwera zosemphana ndi asilikali Chipwitikizi. Mu mu 1581 Frensis Dreyk anafika Cape of Good Hope. Mu 1663, boma la Britain anamanga Fort James mu Gambia.

France ali maso ake pa Madagascar. Mu 1642 ku French East India Company anakhazikitsa m'dera la kum'mwera otchedwa Fort Dauphin. Eten De flacourtia anatulutsa memoir za nthawi wake Madagascar, limene kwa nthawi yaitali anali ngati limafotokoza za chilumba.

Mu 1657 amalonda Swedish anayambitsa kuthetsa Cape Coast ku Ghana, koma posakhalitsa atulutsidwa ndi Danes, amene anayambitsa Fort Christiansborg pafupi masiku ano Accra.

Mu 1677, a Prussian Mfumu Friedrich Wilhelm ndinatumiza kukaona kuti kugombe la kumadzulo kwa Africa. Mkulu wa maulendowa, ndi Captain Blonk anamanga kuthetsa otchedwa Gross Fridrihburg ndi kubwezeretsedwa ndi anasiya Apwitikizi wa Arguin. Koma mu 1720, mfumu anaganiza zogulitsa m'munsi ku Netherlands kwa 7000 ducats.

Studies ya XIX atumwi

Mu zaka XVII-XVIII, kugombe lonse la Africa lakhala amamudziwa kuphunzira. Koma mkati mwa dera la Africa ku mbali yaikulu anakhalabe "woyera banga". Amene apeza Africa, anali otanganidwa kuchotsa phindu osati kafukufuku wa sayansi. Koma pofika cha m'ma XIX ndi madera kumtunda akhala nkhani chidwi a azungu. Mu 1848 izo linatsegulidwa Phiri Kilimanjaro, pamwamba amene ali ndi chipale chofewa. The zachilendo chikhalidwe cha Africa, mitundu sankadziwika za nyama ndi zomera kuti anakopeka asayansi European.

Catholic ndi amishonale Protestant ankafunanso kudutsa kwambiri mu Africa kuti azilalikira Chikhristu pakati pa anthu sankadziwa mafuko.

David Livingstone

Pa chiyambi cha XIX atumwi azungu ankadziwa bwino ali Africa. Koma bwino kwambiri anazindikira kuti ali mkati. Mmodzi wa anthu amene anaonera Africa kuchokera kotala zosayembekezereka, anali Scottish mmishonale David Livingstone. Iye anayamba kucheza ndi anthu akuderalo ndipo kwa nthawi yoyamba kukaona madera akutali kwambiri m'dzikoli.

Mu 1849 Livingstone anawoloka Kalahari m'chipululu kukumana sankadziwika kuti fuko azungu otchedwa ma Bushmen. Mu 1855, pamene paulendo wa Zambezi River , iye anatsegula kukongola chigulu cha mathithi, amene wasankha kupereka dzina la British Mfumukazi Victoria. Back mu Britain, Livingstone anatulutsa buku za ulendo wake, chimene chinapangitsa chidwi kuposa kale lonse komanso anapita kukagulitsa makope 70,000.

Mu 1858, kafukufuku anabwerera Africa. Iye anaphunzira mwatsatanetsatane Nyanja nyasa ndi madera ozungulira. Buku lachiwiri linalembedwa ndi mapeto a ulendo. Pambuyo kuti Livingstone anayenda yachitatu yomwenso ndi yomaliza ulendo wake. Cholinga chake chinali kupeza gwero la Nile. Livingstone kufufuza m'dera Great Lakes. Gwero la Nile, iye sanakhoze kuwapeza iwo, koma Anakaligawa gawo ambiri sankadziwika.

Livingston anali chabe kwambiri kafukufuku komanso zaumunthu kwambiri. Anatsutsa ukapolo ndi kusankhana mitundu.

Choncho amene anapeza Africa?

Yekha zolondola yankho la funso limeneli kulibe. N'zosatheka motsimikiza amene anapeza Africa ndipo mu chaka chomwe. Ndipo chifukwa osati kuti gawo kumpoto kwa Africa izi amadziwika anthu a ku Ulaya kuyambira nthawi makedzana. Komanso chifukwa Africa - malo a munthu. Izo si chatsegulidwa. Iwo Africa anapeza m'mayiko ena ndipo anawapatsa.