Place ndi chaka maziko a Yaroslavl: Mabaibulo ndi nthano

Mzinda uliwonse lili ndi mbiri yake, zomwe ndi zonse zochitika ndi mfundo zosangalatsa ngati mbiri anthu. Ndi kuthetsa wakale, chidwi kwambiri ndi, nthano zambiri, nkhani ndi nthano tikukhala m'masiku amenewo omwe sakudziwika kwa munthu wamakono. Chimodzi mwa mzinda wakale wa Russia ndi ngale ya Golden mphete - Yaroslavl.

mfundo zofunika

Modern Yaroslavl - ndi koposa zonse, malo a ntchito zokopa alendo, wakale Russian mzinda, amene mbiri zaka masauzande ambiri. Pakadali pano, chaka cha maziko a Yaroslavl ndi nkhani ya mtsutso pakati mbiri yakale komanso ofukula. The zofukulidwa pa magombe a Volga anakhalabe zonse, amene amapereka zatsopano zothandiza. Mwalamulo, chaka cha maziko a mzinda wa Yaroslavl - 1010. Iwo uli pa maziko a mfundo 2010, phwando la chikumbutso 1000th a mzinda. Lero ndi lalikulu malonda ndi kayendedwe likulu, chifukwa malo m'mayiko ambiri. Kupanga zotsogola: makampani mafuta kuyenga, luso lopanga, makampani mankhwala.

malo Hrs

Malo Yaroslavl - ndi Volga mtsinje banki, kapena yeniyeni ya "mivi", ndi headland m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Kotorosl Mtsinje anapanga pawiri p. Wex ndipo p. M'kamwa mwa Volga amalowa East European Plain, mu gawo wofunika. Volga Yaroslavl dera wolemera mu madzi, 240 mitsinje ndi mitsinje yaing'ono kuphatikiza ndi mzake kupanga zopezera nthambi imene ntchito kupulumutsa zosiyanasiyana cargoes. Vex mtsinje Kotorosl ndipo anali gawo la Great Volga Route ndi okhudzidwa Rostov Lake, Klyazma, Oka ndi Volga. dongosolo madzi wotchedwa m'njira yochokera "Varangians kwa Aluya", n'zotheka kukhala malonda ndi Arab East, Scandinavia, ndi Khazars. Lophunzira, anthu ambiri a Volga zatenganso mbali yaikulu pa chitukuko ubale ndi maiko oyandikana, chifukwa cha mfundo deta kunatheka ndi zofunikira maziko a mzinda wa Yaroslavl. Ichi chinali kuthetsa woyamba wa Asilavo pa Volga. Kotorosl Mtsinje anali waterway yekha yolumikiza dera la kumadzulo kwa Russia ndi Rostov. Pakati Yaroslavl ndi Rostov waterway zaka zambiri kumanga njanji, zinali zofunika.

Malo Yaroslavl osankhidwa mwangozi: ngati inu kuphunzira zimachititsa chilumbachi a m'derali, mukhoza kuona kuti malo yabwino kukatenga malinga kovuta. Pamudzi adzatsekeredwa zokhoma pa mbali zitatu ndi zopinga zachilengedwe. Volga Kotorosl kuligaŵa ndi mzinda kuchokera waukulu gawo kumveka Nyamuliranani chigwa (kale unali kudutsa mu izo mmodzi wa ducts p. Kotorosl) anali kuwerengedwa kugwidwa ndi gulu lachitatu. The zokometsera a linga unali wabwino kulimbikitsa njira angakwanitse kutauni. Kwenikweni "mivi" ndi chilumba mwa malo amadzimadzi.

kulemba

Chaka maziko a Yaroslavl akadali mutu wa kutsutsana. Pamudzi pa malo analipo kale. Koma ndi chofunika kuti zikamera mfundo yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba ndi likuwonjezeka zikulumikizana malonda. Ntchito Volga monga waukulu madzi mtsempha wamagazi a m'dera anatsogolera chakuti ambiri zombo wamalonda zokuzira kunja awo mankhwala olemera ndi tiyeni mtsinje. M'malo yabwino kwambiri mabanki mtsinje kunali midzi ka achifwamba amene agwidwa zombo ogulitsa. Pa muvi ndi wabwino pakati pa Volga Kotorosli, zinali mulu. Kumbali ya pomenya nkhondo, ndi malo wangwiro achifwamba ndipo alonda asunga malire a ukulu wa. Pamene inu fufuzani ndi kulimbitsa m'dera la kuthetsa anapatsidwa dzina la Yaroslavl. Mbiri ya maziko mzinda akale chokhudzana ndi Kiev kalonga Yaroslav. Mu zaka zoyambirira za chitukuko, mzinda poyamba anali m'dera yamalinga, amene anapanga ndi njira yabwino Rostov. Choncho, chaka cha maziko a Yaroslavl monga "Pamudzi" akadali chinsinsi.

prehistory

Pamaziko a zofukulidwa m'mabwinja akhoza kutsutsa kuti wamakono Yaroslavl panali kuthetsa wakale chibwenzi ku Ine Zakachikwi BC - nyengo ya chiyambi cha Iron Age. Koma pa malo analipo midzi kale, limene ndi zaka III-V. Maziko a mzinda wa Yaroslavl - X-XI atumwi, mpaka pa nsonga iyi kudera Volga anali anthu Finno-Ugric anthu. Kusamuka pang'onopang'ono wa Asilavo m'dera limayamba ndi zaka VIII-IX. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri kutsindika kuti kulamulira zinachitika popanda chiwawa. Asilavo mwamtendere ndi anthu a Meria, ndipo kwa nthawi ndithu mafuko pafupifupi ogwirizana. Mu chaka cha maziko a Yaroslavl wa Volga Mtsinje anali ndithu kuli anthu, pali malipoti a m'midzi osiyanasiyana omwe anthu ankachita nsomba ndi zamanja.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Iliyonse ya kuthetsa akale pali nkhani zambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chosowa tsatanetsatane n'kofunika kudzatunga chidwi cha nthano ndi mbiri, omwe amakhala ngati nthano ndipo zimakhala zambiri zopeka. Yaroslavl tinganene yotero, mbiri yakale cha chiyambi chake masamba chipinda ndithu kwa m'maganizo. Ndi chikhulupiriro, akatswiri ambiri ndi mbiri yakale zitha kulankhula za zimene zachitika maziko a Yaroslavl Yaroslav Ngwanzeru zakuya. Izi njira zina zikutsimikiziridwa ndi dzina mzinda. apeza ambiri ofukula zinthu zakale zokhudza nthawi sindikukana Baibulo ili, koma ndiwo mawu awa agulupa akale. Tsiku maziko a Yaroslavl, malo ndi tate wake amafotokozedwa Zolembedwa zomwe zilipo wa mabishopu Samuila Mislavskogo Yaroslavl. Mpukutu linasindikizidwa wansembe Lebedev mu 1877 ndipo mobwerezabwereza kusanthula ndi azambiriyakale. Iye amapita ndi dzina "Nthano ya kumanga mzinda wa Yaroslavl. lemba lili zakale ndipo zinalembedwa zaka XII-XI. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wa Voronina N. N. okhutira "Nthano" kangapo kumandilimbikitsa, koma mfundo afika m'nthawi yake mu mawonekedwe undistorted. Palinso angapo zikalata zina, kuphunzira amene ulipobe, chifukwa asayansi masiku ano ndi chidwi kwambiri funso - maziko a Yaroslavl. Mabaibulo ndi nthano osati zosiyanasiyana kwambiri, iwo onse mwachindunji kapena ayi amasonyeza Yaroslava Mudrogo monga woyambitsa wa mzinda. Choncho muyenera kuphunzira fano lake mbiri mwatsatanetsatane.

Yaroslav Mudry

Grand Prince wa Kiev anabadwa m'chaka cha 978. Nthawi yomweyo bambo atabadwa Jaroslav anamupatsa dziko mu Rostov ukulu. Tsiku maziko a mzinda wa Yaroslavl - 1010, pa nthawi kalonga akulamulira Rostov dziko. About nthawi imeneyi moyo wake zovuta kunena yotsimikizika: palibe deta awasungira. Chochititsa chidwi otchulidwa m'masiku a Prince Yaroslav akuyamba ndi 1010, ndipo amagwirizana ndi Kulenga kwa mzinda yotchedwa pa magombe a Volga. Tsoka zina kalonga amagwirizana ndi Novgorod, komwe anakhala kwa 1011. Pambuyo pa imfa ya m'bale wake Vysheslava Vladimir (abale, bambo), anyalanyaza mwana wamkulu amaika Jaropolk ku Novgorod, umene panthawi imeneyo unali ndi akuluakulu a asilikali ndi malonda pakati. Novgorod otsika kumuwombera chiwerengero chokha Kiev, Novgorod ndi ulemu monga mzinda, anali apamwamba kwambiri ku Rostov. Jaroslav pochitika njira zovuta mutu wa Grand Duke wa Kiev, limene zidzalumikizana mayiko Russian ndi kupambana kuzindikira anthu ake anzeru ndi ulamuliro otsalira. Dzina "Anzeru" Yaroslav kulandira kokha m'zaka za m'ma XIX, obadwa adzapeza ntchito ka mapangidwe Russia logwirizana ndi amphamvu. udindo wake mapangidwe mzinda wa Yaroslavl pafupifupi osatsutsika, komanso wamuloŵerera. nthano nkhani. Lero, ife tafika Mabaibulo awiri aakulu, omwe ndi ofunika kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane.

nthano ya maziko a Yaroslavl

zaka khumi kuchokera ubatizo wa Lazaro, koma midzi yambiri anakhalabe zachikunja. Pa magombe a mtsinje wa Volga, mu malo confluence ake ndi mtsinje Kotorosl, izo inali kuthetsa Ugol. Malinga ndi mbiri yakale, anthu munkakhala zoipa, "achikunja chikhulupiriro," mwachitsanzo. E. Amitundu. Iwo ankapembedza fano mulungu Veles (Volos). Suli kutali m'mudzi inali malo opatulika, lomwe linali kuyaka moto nsembe ndipo anali mafanizo matabwa mafano. Kulambiridwa ndi anthu Nyamuliranani ngodya ndi nyama, kuphatikizapo malo chinsinsi wotanganidwa chimbalangondo. Mu ena Volosovo logovine nsembe kwa milungu yachikunja, n'zotheka kuti anthu, omwe N'chifukwa chake anthu a Pamudzi akukambidwa ngati anthu oipa. The ntchito yaikulu ya anthu Nyamuliranani ngodya anali kuweta nyama ndi nsomba, koma ndalama yaikulu amachokera wakubayu amene akuyenda pamodzi Volga zombo ogulitsa. Malinga ndi nthano, kalonga, pamene Rostov, Jaroslav napita m'mbali mwa mtsinje wa Volga ndi retinue wake. Anaona anthu a m'deralo midzi kulanda wamalonda zombo ndi amalonda unathandizapo. Iwo anayamikira kalonga, ndi m'deralo, powona mphamvu ya Rostov asilikali anavomera kuvomereza iye. Mu Ugol izi si bwino anagonja kwa Yaroslav, komweko amakwaniritsa miyambo yachikunja. Yaroslav anayamikira malo yabwino malo Pamudzi, mwa mawu a chitetezo cha Rostov ndi ozungulira strategy dziko, choncho ndinaganiza kuti azibatiza anthu ndi kumanga malo Nyamuliranani ngodya kumudzi. Iye anabwerera ndi gulu ndi atsogoleri ambiri mpingo, koma atsamunda Sakanapita mophweka kusiya milungu yawo anapemphera kwa zaka zambiri. Atangomva kalonga analowa m'mudzi, iwo nimuponye "olusa chirombo" ndi paketi agalu pa iye ndi anamuperekeza wake. Ngati nyama anaonekera chimbalangondo yaikulu - umulungu mtsogoleri wa m'mudzimo. Jaroslav anadula nkhwangwa chimbalangondo, osati galu anaukira aliyense momuzungulira. Kuyambira nthawi kalonga analamula kudula mitengo ndi kutchinga pa "mivi". Mtsogolo, kuchokera kunja izi anakula Yaroslavl dzina la tate wake.

Baibulo yachiwiri

Chimbalangondo ngodya Dyakovo chitunda ndamvera Jaroslav Prince Rostovskys m'mayiko kubatizidwa koma wopatulika achikunja nyama (chimbalangondo) anayamba kubwezera anthu ake. Iye anayendayenda padziko midzi m'dera ndi kupha anthu amene anachoka ku mafano. Prince Yaroslav ankasakidwa pafupi Rostov. Kuphunzira za mavuto okhala Nyamuliranani ngodya, iye anafulumira kuwapulumutsa. Yaroslav yekha anagwirizana nkhondo ndi chirombo nampanda. Hillfort pa malangizo ake anali analimbitsa ndi makoma ndi moats. Ndipo mu mzinda anamanga woyamba Orthodox mpingo - Mpingo wa Eliya - dzina lake polemekeza St. Elias pa tsiku la malo ena pomanga (August 2). Pamalo a maziko ankaimbidwa wa Yaroslavl masiku ano ndi mwala, omwe, molingana ndi azambiriyakale, anatumikirapo monga mbali ya maziko a mpingo.

Yaroslavl mwala maziko

Pa Volga embankment ndi chimodzi mwa chidwi kwambiri anapita mu mzinda, amene amakopeka osati alendo ambiri, anthu am'deralo amakhulupirira mphamvu zamatsenga akuupereka m'chipani umenewu. Mwala maziko a Yaroslavl ayambitsa nthano miyambo yakale, akukhulupirira kuti pa nthawiyi anayamba mbiri ya mzinda. Kumbuyo kwake kunali malinga woyamba zinamangidwa mipingo yatsopano ndi nyumba. Atsogoleri kuti ngati nthawi yaitali kuti tione kuti mwala, ndingaliro kudzakudikira jambulani akale: Prince Yaroslav ndi ankhondo ake, amisiri omanga amisiri ndi alenje, anthu amene anamanga mzinda uno. Anthu a Yaroslavl ndiye amene anagawa katundu zozizwitsa za mwala. Malinga ndi iwo, ali ndi nyese wapadera ndi kuchiritsa matenda. alendo ambiri kutaya ndalama mu chikhulupiriro kuti chikwaniritsidwe adzakwaniritsidwa. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa: mwala atagona pa malo asanayikidwe maziko a mzinda, iwombela pa kale nthano.

zipilala

Chaka maziko a mzinda wa Yaroslavl - 1010, motero, magawo osiyanasiyana a mbiri Russian boma tidasiya chizindikiro awo pa izo. A malo apadera pakati pa zipilala za masiku amakedzana yokha akuchita zomangamanga mzinda. Iwo kwambiri, okonda kale m'gulu la UNESCO World Heritage List. Ngati mukuphunzira pakati mbiri ya Yaroslavl, tinganene kuti ndi olimba mapulani chipilala, zomwe zinasungidwa chifukwa cha anatengera woyenera moyo wamakono mzinda. Chiwerengero cha zipilala za mbiri, zomangamanga, luso zinthu zakale, kupezeka mu mzinda - 700 mayunitsi. Zikuphatikizapo akachisi ndi matchalitchi, mbiri nyumba, zinthu zakale, mchitidwe umenewu, m'mapaki ndi zosemasema. Kumene, malo apadera pakati pawo ndi chipilala kuti woyambitsa wa mzinda wa Yaroslav Ngwanzeru zakuya. Mzindawu uli komanso moyo imeneyi anthu onse aakulu amene adzipangira chopereka kwa mapangidwe ake ndi chitukuko. Pali chipilala kuti Fyodor Volkov, Nikolai Nekrasov, Demidov chipilala.

Mzinda wamakono

Pakali pano Yaroslavl imatengedwa mzinda wachitatu yaikulu m'chigawo chapakati cha Russia. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu ake kuposa anthu 600,000. Ikufanana ndi ntchito yopindulitsa kwambiri (zokopa alendo ndi malonda) mu bwino anayamba mafakitale zoyendera maukonde ndi nyumba ndi ntchito limodzi. Pamene mwayi lonse la mmene kukumana amakono (anayamba sitima network Airways) Volga akhalabe otchuka njira zoyendera katundu ndipo wina mayendedwe ikuchitika pa maziko a mtsinje doko mzinda wa Yaroslavl. Pa mlingo yoyenera ndi zotsatira sayansi kafukufuku wa mabungwe angapo kapangidwe ndi zomwe zagwiridwa kwa mafakitale. Chifukwa chitukuko ya mabizinezi mafakitale gawo zochokera latsopano ndi kukopa kwa ndalama zakunja. Yaroslavl chikukulirakulirabe ndi kusintha, osati ndikuiwala zakale kwambiri ndi mosamala kasungidwe.