Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn: yonena, moyo ndi mabuku

mabuku Russian ana a zaka mazana makumi awiri, malo zofunikira wotanganidwa ndi mmodzi wa olemba kwambiri luso. Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn - Wolemba wina ndi wolemba mabuku ambiri ndiponso nkhani ana.

yonena

Young banja dokotala ndi maonekedwe onse Yakobo Iehilevicha Vygodsky ndi aakazi ed dokotala Elena Semenovna Vygotsky (nee Yadlovkina) ankakhala Vilna Russian Ufumu. Pali August 11, 1884 anali ndi mwana wamkazi - Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn. Wambiri ya mtsikana kenako kudzazidwa ndi mavuto, matenda ndi chisoni. Iwo adzakhala ndi umapulumuka imfa ya atate, mwana ndi mwamuna.

Iye anamaliza maphunziro Bestuzhev Apamwamba Akazi ku St. Petersburg.

Sasha anasolola ntchito chosintha. Kale pa maphunziro ake pa Institute, iye anagwirizana ndi gulu la ankathandiza kuti akapolo ndi akaidi. Naphunzitsa anthu ogwira ntchito yosavuta kuwerenga ndi kulemba.

Ndimapita ku France ndi Zurich, amene amakopeka boma onse. Pambuyo ulimi wa 1917 Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn pamodzi ndi boma ena anayamba kumanga anthu atsopano. Ndipo anatsegula pa zana masukulu ndi zibonga kuthetsa umbuli. Pa nthawi yomweyo pokonzekera repertoire amalowa ana.

Alexander Y. akudwala matenda a zida za Makutu. Kwa zaka zambiri, ugonthi ake kuchuluka. Za moyo wake wolemba analemba buku autobiographical, "Msewu zipita patali." Iye anafa mu Moscow September 20, 1968.

banja

bambo Alexander anali kumbuyo Ayuda, wokonda moyo wodzimana-dokotala anayesa kuthandiza wodwalayo, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wawo kapena chuma chawo. Yakov Yefimovich tsiku akugwira ntchito pa chipatala mzinda, ndipo madzulo anathandiza anthu osauka. Atatopa kwambiri moti manja ake akunjenjemera.

Alexandra anali mng'ono - Umuna Yakovlevich Vygotsky, amene anadzakhala injiniya-constructors, woyambitsa monographs zosiyanasiyana.

Sasha ndi mchimwene wake wamng'ono Simon anamuukitsa, kuyang'ana pa bambo ake. Iwo ali ngati Yakov Yefimovich, mosadzikonda anayesa kuthandiza anthu.

Mu zaka 17, tsogolo Soviet wolemba anakwatira dokotala-physiatrist Sergeya Brushteyna, amene anali wamkulu kuposa iye anali usinkhu wa zaka khumi.

Posachedwapa, mu 1904, chaka, iwo anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Nadezhda Sergeevna Nadezhdina. Iye anakhala choreographer ndipo analenga wowerengeka kuvina gulu loyimba "Birch". Patatha zaka zitatu, mwana anabadwa Mihail Sergeevich Brushteyn - makina injiniya ndipo kenako injiniya mkulu wa fakitale "Red October". Iye amakhala nambala kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri mu Patisseries.

Banja la Alexander zonse zinayenda bwino. Ntchito zake ndi ofalitsidwa, mwamuna wanga posachedwa walunjika Institute of Physiotherapy.

The nkhondo pa moyo wa Brushtein

Koma posakhalitsa First World nkhondo. The Germany kwambiri infringes ufulu wa Ayuda anakakamizika kulipira indemnity. Atate Alexander Mandelstam anaimirira kwa iwo, kuthandiza kuthawa wosalakwa m'ndende. Posachedwa ndipo kwambiri Yakov Vygotsky Germany anamangidwa. Anakhala zaka zambiri ku msasa njala ndi ozizira. Koma ngakhale kumeneko, anayesa kuthandiza anthu powapatsa chithandizo. Patapita zaka ziwiri, bambo wolembayo linatulutsidwa.

Ndipo mu 1941, nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse itayamba, dokotala 85 wazaka anamangidwa kachiwiri. Patapita nthawi iye anafa.

mwana Alesandro, Michael anagwira ntchito kumbuyo. Chifukwa cha ntchito yaikulu anasonyeza matenda aakulu mtima. Mu nthawi yochepa anamwalira. Mwana Hope anabwera kutsogolo ndi pang'ono okha anapulumuka. Nkhondo itatha Sergei Brushtein anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima. Chifukwa cha maganizo amphamvu Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn mwamsanga anayamba kuiwala wake. Koma ine ndiyambe.

mabuku

Alexander Y. - wolemba zidutswa zoposa makumi asanu ndi ana. Ena mwa iwo ndi odziwika bwino kwambiri "buluu ndi pinki", "mulole", "Chotero." Iye anali mlembi wa zisudzo ndi buku odziwika "Don Quixote" (mu 1928), "A World Wankhanza" ndi Dickens (1954th) ndi "Amalume Tom kanyumba" (chaka 1948th). Ena mwa ntchito zake zinatuluka pansi pa pseudonym a wolemba Alexandra Yakovlevna Nirge.

Mu 1956 anafalitsa buku autobiographical "The Road ...", lomwe linalembedwa ndi Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn. wolemba buku zinapatsira ndi, zabwino bwino komanso kukonda anthu. zothandiza mungazipeze iwo.

A pang'ono za "Njira ..."

Buku tichipeza zigawo zitatu. The woyamba amatchedwa "Mseu zipita patali." Limasimba Sasha zaka pafupifupi zisanu ndi zinayi, ndi zinachitika amene ali pachokha ndi wolemba. Young Sasha amaona zambiri mopanda moyo - umphawi, njala ana.

Kamodzi pabwalopo Sasha anaona wojambula armless, kujambula chithunzi cha mapazi awo. Sasha ankafunitsitsa kuti akuthandizeni ndi chithandizo, choncho anaganiza kugula umodzi wa zojambula wake. Iye anamuuza malo ndipo anapereka nalo moyo, amene mtsikana mpaka kalekale.

Buku mwamsanga unakhala wotchuka mu Soviet Union. Ilo silinali nthano, izo ndi buku ana. The "Road" ndi olimbikitsa, ndi chikondi kufotokoza Alexander Y. ndi kwawo Vilnius.

kupitiriza nkhani

Patapita zaka ziwiri, mu 1958, chaka, anadza gawo lachiwiri la trilogy "Pa ola mbandakucha." Limanena za zaka za kafukufuku pa Institute Sasha. Ngakhale mavuto onse a maphunziro, iye anali wophunzira kwambiri. Posachedwapa iye anabadwira m'bale wake wa Simoni. The Sasha chomwecho Atamaliza maphunziro ake. Buku chikulongosola ndi zochitika wofunika m'mbiri - kupha Sitefano Alexander III ndi chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa Nicholas II.

Mu 1961 anapita buku yomaliza ya trilogy amatchedwa "Spring". Nditamaliza maphunziro, Sasha atapeza ntchito - iye limaphunzitsa English. Kunadza latsopano, mzaka zana makumi awiri. Iwo amagwirizana ndi zitsanzo ndi ambiri njala. Bukuli limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane Dreyfus chibwenzi.

Aleksandra Yakovlevna Brushteyn - wolemba, pamlingo wabwino wa zamaganizo mwana, kudutsa ambiri a mlandu moyo, koma sanataye iwo. Iye "Mseu ..." ndi akufalitsidwa ndi wowerengedwa ndi osati ana komanso akuluakulu.