Chiwalitsiro - pulofesa kwa buku "Mtima wa Dog": amagwira khalidwe, chithunzi ndi makhalidwe a ngwazi za

Ku nkhani yake ya Professor Preobrazhensky, ngwazi mankhwala "Mtima wa Dog" Ndikufuna kukhala pang'ono pa mfundo zina za mbiri ya wolemba - Bulgakova Mihaila Afanasevicha (15/05/1891 Kiev - 10.03.1940, Moscow), Russian wolemba, Wolemba wina ndi zisudzo wotsogolera. Zonsezi kuti akatunge ena kufanana kukhala kwakukulukulu pogwirizanitsa wolemba ndi ngwazi wake kungoganiza.

A pang'ono za wolemba mbiri

Bulgakov anabadwa mu banja la pulofesa wa Kiev Theological Academy, koma kenako anadzakhala wophunzira wa Medical la Yunivesite ya Kiev. Mu First World nkhondo anagwira ntchito dokotala kutsogolo-mzere. M'chaka cha 1918, iye anabwerera ku Kiev, kumene iye ankachita monga matenda payekha venereal. Pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni kwa 1919 Bulgakov - .. usilikali dokotala Chiyukireniya asilikali ankhondo, ndiye zachitetezo ya Southern Russia, Red Cross, Muzikonza Army, ndi zina anadwala ndi Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi mu 1920, iye woyesedwa mu Vladikavkaz, kenako ndinadzuka kulemba talente. msuwani wake, iye analemba kuti Kenako, ndinazindikira kuti ntchito yake - kulemba.

The zinachitika wa Professor Preobrazhensky

Ndi zinachitika ya ngwazi kwenikweni kulinganizidwa Bulgakov, kwambiri ali ofanana. Komabe, amaganiza kuti Chiwalitsiro (Professor) monga fano unalembedwa ku Amalume Bulgakov - wotchuka Moscow dokotala, gynecologist N. M. Pokrovskogo.

Mu 1926, a GPU anaukira wolemba, ndi chifukwa analandidwa mipukutu "Mtima wa Dog" ndi tsikulo.

nkhani zimenezi zinali zoopsa kwa wolemba kotero kuti anakhala Zotengera pa Soviet 20-30s boma. Chatsopanocho kalasi ya proletariat pali anthu ngati Shvonder ndi mpira, zimene ziri mwamtheradi kutali mfundo anawononga ndi Tsarist Russia.

Iwo onse amene amatsutsana ndi Professor Preobrazhensky, makoti ofunika chisamaliro chapadera. dokotala Izi ndi wasayansi, umene ndi nyale ya sayansi Russian, koyamba pa nthawi imene galu nkhaniyo, pellets m'tsogolo, natsirizika mumzinda chipata - njala ndi ozizira, ndi mbali yopsereza. Katswiriyu amapezeka mu maola ambiri mozunzika galuyo. Ine ndimaganiza galu "akayamba" kusandulika monga Mbuye wa chikhalidwe, ophunzira ndi ndevu ndi masharubu, ngati Ankhondo a French.

kuyesera

Chinthu chachikulu Professor Chiwalitsiro - kuchitira anthu, kufunafuna njira zatsopano kukwaniritsa moyo wautali komanso zothandiza njira rejuvenation. Kumene, monga wasayansi aliyense, iye sakanakhoza kukhala popanda zatsopano. Iye anatenga galu, ndipo nthawi yomweyo mutu dokotala wabadwa dongosolo: aganiza kuti ndikasendeza ndi pituitary England. kuyesera pa galu amachita mu chiyembekezo cha kupeza njira zothandiza kupeza "Mnyamata wachiwiri". Komabe, zotsatira za ntchito zinali zosayembekezereka.

Kwa masabata angapo, galu, amene anapatsidwa dzina lakuti mpira Kuti munthu ndipo amalandira zikalata pa dzina la mpira. Chiwalitsiro pulofesa ndi wachiwiri wake Bormental kuyesera kuphunzitsa iye woyenera ndi womveka khalidwe la munthu. Komabe, "maphunziro" awo wosatenga zotsatira kuwoneka.

The kusintha anthu

Chiwalitsiro akufotokoza wothandizira Ivan Arnoldovich Bormental maganizo: mantha ndi bwino, chomwe chakuti galu Sharik si mtima ndi anthu, "lousy koposa zonse zilipo m'chilengedwe."

Bulgakov analenga parody wa ulimi zokomera, anafotokoza kugunda magulu awiri amene Filipp Filippovich Preobrazhensky - pulofesa ndi aluntha, ndipo kalasi machitidwe - mipira ndi zina zotero.

Bormental pulofesa limalangiza kuti kuwerenga manyuzipepala Soviet pamaso chakudya, ndipo ngati ena satero, ndiye kuwerenga kanthu zivute zitani. Ndipo poyera anati: "Inde, ine sindimakonda proletariat."

Professor, monga njonda woona, anazolowera moyo wapamwamba wa moyo mu nyumba 7-chipinda ndi tsiku Idyani zakudya zosiyanasiyana monga nsomba, eels, Turkey, nyama yang'ombe yowotcha, ndi kumwa zonse burande, vodika ndi vinyo, mwadzidzidzi anagwa mu mkhalidwe mosayembekezereka. Mu moyo wake bata ndi lolemera mwachinsinsi zimaphulika paliponse ndipo lotayirira mpira ndi Shvonder.

Komiti nyumba

Shvonder - ndi Mwachitsanzo osiyana kalasi proletarian, iye ndi gulu lake amapanga komiti nyumba mu nyumba kumene muli Chiwalitsiro - katswiri wa experimenter lapansi. Iwo Komabe, sanali kwambiri anayamba kumenyana naye. Koma nayenso ndi losavuta monologue Professor Preobrazhensky za owonongedwa mu maganizo akuti proletariat ndi zofuna zake iye basi odanidwa, ndi bola ngati iye ali ndi mwayi kudzipereka kwa chifukwa amalikonda (sayansi), adzakhala akamaona anthu akuba zazing'ono olanda ngati Shvonder.

Koma tsopano ndi banja lake Sharikov akulowa ndewu yoopsa. Ngati Shvonder amayikanikiza chabe, ndiyeno kuchokera mpira si mophweka kudzikana, pakuti iye anali - pa ntchito yake sayansi ndi mbadwo wa kafukufuku analephera. Mipira zimapangitsa kwawo chisokonezo ngati ndi owonongedwa kuti milungu iwiri pulofesa kuona nkhawa kuposa zaka zonse anathera.

chithunzi

Komabe, fano la Professor Preobrazhensky kwambiri chidwi. Ayi, si ukoma thupi. Iye mukufuna alionse wokhalapo ali ndi zovuta zake, ndi - m'malo odzikonda, narcissistic, zopanda pake, koma moyo ndi umunthu weniweni. Preobrazhensky inali njira aluntha amene osakwatiwa-handedly kumenyana anawonongera anafunsa Sharikovs m'badwo. Kodi mfundo imeneyi sayenera chifundo, ulemu ndi chifundo?

Kukwera nthawi

Buku "Mtima wa Dog" akusonyeza chenicheni cha zaka 20 za zaka mazana makumi awiri. Akulongosola misewu zauve, kumene kulikonse anapachika zizindikiro ndi lonjezo la m'tsogolo kwa anthu. Ngakhale zambiri ogwetsa maganizo zoipa, ozizira ndi nyengo mvula chithunzi cha galu yosokera, amene, monga anthu ambiri Soviet dziko latsopano tikukonza, kwenikweni umapulumuka ndipo pofunafuna zonse kutentha ndi chakudya.

Apa mu chisokonezo ichi, ndipo pali limodzi mwa mabuku ochepa a nyengo ya nthawi yoopsa ndi zovuta, luntha la Chiwalitsiro - Professor achifumu. Mbamu khalidwe, ngakhale mu thupi galu wake, ankamuchemerera ake: Iye "adya mowirikiza ndipo alibe kuba, si kutsalima mwendo, ndi sakuopa wa munthu, chifukwa nthawi zonse."

mbali ziwiri

Chifaniziro cha Chiwalitsiro - cheza cha kuwala ngati chilumba wosasunthika, satiety ndi chuma chenicheni lowopsya la zaka unawonongedwa. Iye wosangalatsa. Koma ambiri sindimakonda munthu wina yemwe ambiri, zinthu zonse zikuyendere bwino, koma amene pang'ono seveni chipinda - akufuna wina, citatu kupanga mu laibulale.

Komabe, Komiti House anayamba kulimbikitsa polimbana pulofesa ndi ankafuna kumuchititsa nyumba yake. Kumapeto pambuyo proletarians onse sakanakhoza kupweteka pulofesa kotero owerenga mfundo imeneyi mwina koma kondwerani.

Koma ichi ndi mbali imodzi ya moyo wa Chiwalitsiro, ngati wofufuza zambiri nkhaniyo, tikhoza kuona ayi wokongola kwambiri chithunzi. The wabwino umene ali protagonist Bulgakov a Chiwalitsiro pulofesa ziyenera anati, nayenso, sanagwe mwadzidzidzi kumutu ndipo tinatengera kwa abale olemera. chuma chake iye anapeza. Ndipo tsopano akutumikira anthu amene ali ndi mphamvu mu manja awo, chifukwa tsopano ndi nthawi yosangalala ndi madalitso awo.

nsikidzi

zinthu zosangalatsa kwambiri anafuulira ndi mmodzi wa makasitomala wa Chiwalitsiro: "Ziribe kanthu kuchuluka kuba, chirichonse chiri pa thupi wamkazi, shampeni" Abrau-Durso "ndi nsomba zazinkhanira." Koma pulofesa ngakhale mkulu makhalidwe ake, nzeru ndi tcheru, safuna kuti pokambirana ndi mtima wake, kapena kuti adzathe lofotokoza sizinawasangalatse. Iye anazindikira kuti ayenera ndalama kukhalabe moyo zawo popanda kufunika: ndi atumiki zonse zofunikira mu nyumba ndi tebulo wodzazidwa ndi mtundu uliwonse wa nyama monga sausages osati ku "Mosselprom" kapena caviar, kufalitsa mkate zokhakhala zooneka ngati bowa watsopano.

Mukapita mu njira zomveka, izo kamakhala kubedwa Chiwalitsiro akuluakulu ndalama ndi kuyesera kupereka iwo ndi wachinyamata yaitali. Iwo likukhalira kuti Chiwalitsiro tiziromboti kuba mphamvu anabwera. malingaliro chidwi ndi mpira: "The nyumba anali zotukwana, koma mpaka ndiye wabwino!"

choonadi galu

Ntchito yake, Professor Preobrazhensky canine mtima limagwiritsa ntchito kuyesera wake. Osati chifukwa cha chikondi nyama iye amanyamula ndi kutopa galu kudyetsa ndi ofunda, koma chifukwa mu malingaliro ake, monga Zikuoneka kuti anabadwa ndi wanzeru, koma dongosolo wokhala za iye. Ndipo kukufotokozedwanso mwatsatanetsatane mu opareshoni iyi, zomwe zimabweretsa mtima kokha zosasangalatsa. Chifukwa cha ntchito kuti rejuvenate ndi pulofesa ndi "novorodivshiysya" munthu manja. N'chifukwa chake n'zosadabwitsa Bulgakov amapereka kulankhula dzina ndi udindo wa ngwazi wake - kusandulika, ndi pulofesa amene anabwera kwa iye kuphunzitsa galu cerebellum mbala recidivist Klimko anati. Uyu anadza kubala, zotsatira ngati mbali sayenera pulofesa.

Professor Preobrazhensky mawu ali ndi malingaliro za maphunziro, amene, mu maganizo ake, akhoza kupanga Sharikova a kwambiri kapena zochepa zovomerezeka nzika pachisangalalo. Koma mwayi Sharik sanapatsidwe. Pa Chiwalitsiro analibe ana, ndizosowa pedagogy, sanali ake. Mwina n'chifukwa chake kuyesera wake sanapite m'njira yoyenera.

Ndipo anthu ochepa kulabadira Sharikova mawu ndi nyama osauka, anamvetsetsa, ispolosovannaya ndipo tsopano kupewa, ndipo, mwa zina, chikalata pa opaleshoni sanapereke ndipo akhoza akambirane. Ndipo, ambiri chochititsa chidwi, palibe amene akumuona choonadi m'mawu ake.

Mphunzitsi ndi mphunzitsi

Preobrazhensky anali mphunzitsi mabuku a mpira, ngakhale adadziwa kuti kuphunzira kulankhula - sizikutanthauza kukhala wangwiro anthu wokhalapo. Iye ankafuna kuti chirombo kwambiri payekha. Ndipotu, pulofesa yekha m'buku - muyezo wa maphunziro ndi chikhalidwe mkulu, ndi othandiza wakale, makhalidwe chisanadze chosintha. Iye momveka bwino kumatanthauza malo ake, kunena za chisokonezo zotsatira ndi kulephera kwa proletariat kuti athane nalo. Katswiriyu amakhulupirira kuti anthu ayenera loyamba kuphunzira chikhalidwe ofunika kwambiri, ndi zina kuti ntchito chakuthengo mphamvu mu kanthu dziko sikutheka kuti apindule. Iye anazindikira kuti olengedwa kwa akufa, ndipo ndi njira yokhayo yotulukira: kuchita ntchito n'zosiyana, monga njira zake maphunziro ku Sharikov analibe tingati chifukwa kucheza ndi wantchito Zina anati: "Palibe munthu angathe osati kuwapasula ... Mu anthu ndi nyama Mukhonza zinthu mwa malingaliro. "

Koma demagoguery luso kunapezeka kuti limbikirani mosavuta kwambiri komanso waliwiro kuposa maluso a ntchito ya kulenga. Ndipo Shvonder anakwanitsa kulera Sharikova. Iye siliphunzitsa iye galamala ndi masamu, ndipo akuyamba pomwepo ndi makalata a Chichewa, Kautsky, chifukwa cha zimene mipira ndi msinkhu wawo otsika chitukuko, ngakhale zovuta za nkhaniyi, ndi amene anali ndi "mutu atatupa," anazindikira: "Tengani chirichonse gawani! "Zimenezo lingaliro la chilungamo chikhalidwe anali anamvetsa bwino mphamvu ya anthu, ndi kumene anapanga nzika Sharikov.

Professor la Chiwalitsiro: "Kusakaza ku mitu"

Tikumbukenso kuti "mtima wa Dog" kuchokera kumbali zonse zikusonyeza absurdity ndi misala ya dongosolo latsopano la anthu amene anatuluka pambuyo 1917. Iwo anamvetsa pulofesa Chiwalitsiro. Quotes wa khalidwe la anawonongera m'maganizo mwa wapadera. Iye anati, ngati dokotala osati kuchita ntchito, wayamba kuimba makolasi, adzabwera chitayiko. Ngati iye kukodza ndi chimbudzi, ndipo adzachita atumiki ake, ndiye mu kuvala chipinda sadzawononga. Choncho, chiwonongeko - osati mu chipinda, ndipo mitu yawo.

Wotchuka anagwiranso Professor Preobrazhensky

Nthawi zambiri, buku "Mtima wa Dog" - izi ndi zenizeni amagwira PAD. Kuweta ndi omveka akuti aphunzitsi yatchedwa m'lembali pamwamba, koma pali zingapo zimene komanso kulandira chithandizo wa owerenga ndi mawunikidwe zosiyana zidzayenera kukhala zosangalatsa.

- "achiever lonse amene mofulumira."

- "Chifukwa zachotsa pamphasa ku masitepe waukulu? Kodi Karl Marx amaletsa kusunga makalapeti pamakwerero? "

- "Dziko amasamala za palokha ndipo mwa njila zamoyo zinachita chaka ntchito ku misa ya zonyansa zonse amalenga ambiri geniuses kwambiri, kuvala lonse."

- "? Kodi bwinja mkazi wanu wakale ndi crutch Mfiti, amene kugonja mawindo onse, adafuthula magetsi onse?"