Yoga Philosophy kwa oyamba

The nzeru za anati yoga ndi otchuka kwambiri masiku ano. Pakuti ambiri wasanduka anapeza moyo. Yoga amapulumutsa anthu m'mabvuto maganizo tsiku ndi tsiku kumawathandiza kuona chinthu chofunika kwambiri, kutaya zazing'ono. Pankhaniyi, si kusanduka kuchita ntchito wamba zovuta. Yoga monga mwambo wakale ndi chipembedzo, anati yoga monga nzeru ndi mankhwala - ndicho chimene ayankhidwa m'nkhaniyi.

The zifukwa za kutchuka anati yoga mu dziko lero

Monga tafotokozera kale, Yoga lero otchuka kwambiri. Inu mukanakhoza kunena kuti ndi yapamwamba masiku ano. ndi zifukwa kutchuka zonsezi?

Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kuyankha funso limodzi. Modern adzadziwire - ndichiyani? Wotopa, maganizo ndi oponderezedwa. Man XXI atumwi, kawirikawiri amathera moyo wake kufunafuna phindu zokayikitsa. Yoga kumathandizanso kuti tipirire osati ndi nkhawa tsiku, koma imaphunzitsanso kuganizira (ndi mphamvu) kuti zinthu zofunika kwambiri, zofunika kwambiri.

Yoga nzeru limasonyeza kuti munthu njira yokhayo kuzindikira zomwenso wake, amathandiza kuti athe mumalozana angathe mumtima mwanu.

Modabwitsa, mchitidwe njira anati yoga ndi mulimonse. Ngakhale ngati munthu sakhulupirira mwa iwo kapena mulibe yankho za chikhalidwe ndi maziko a maganizo amenewa. Ichi ndi chinthu china wapadera anati yoga.

Yoga nzeru ndi (mwachidule)

anati yoga ndi chiyani? Kodi mpake kunena kuti chimenecho nzeru, sayansi kapena chipembedzo?

Mawu Chisansikiriti amatanthauza "wamphumphu." M'njira yopapatiza, tikulankhula makamaka za chiyanjano cha thupi ndi moyo, ndi pophatikizana wa munthu. M'njira inanso lonse ndi mgwirizano wa munthu ndi Mulungu.

Yoga - Indian nzeru ndi akale kwambiri. n'kofunika amafotokoza anasankha m'zaka chachiwiri BC, wotchuka mphunzitsi Patanjali. Komabe, kunena kuti nzeru za anati yoga anakhazikitsidwa monga bwino. Ndipotu, akukhulupirira kuti anati yoga anapatsa anthu ndi Mlengi (by Avatar ndizina Krishna).

Maziko a chiphunzitso ichi ndi kosagwirizana. mbali awo angapezeke mu magwero osiyanasiyana wakale Indian, kuyambira otchedwa Vedas. N'chifukwa chake mbiri yakale simungathe kudziwa enieni kuchuluka chimango cha malangizo amenewa.

Yoga nzeru imagwira kwambiri. Komabe, cholinga chachikulu cha chiphunzitso - ndi kukwaniritsa nirvana. Mawu amenewa amanena kukumananso zonse ndi Mlengi.

Pakali pano, ofufuza apeza angapo mitundu ya anati yoga. Ali:

• Karma Yoga;
• bhakti-anati yoga;
• Jnana Yoga;
• Mawu ena-Yoga;
• hatha anati yoga ndi ena.

Mbali zomwe agulu lotsogolera - chimodzi chabe masitepe kwa cholinga wamba anati yoga nzeru - wogwirizana ndi Supreme. M'nkhaniyi tiona mwatsatanetsatane pa otsiriza a mitundu imeneyi.

Fanizo la umulungu chobisika

Nzeru ya yoga kwa oyamba kumene ndi bwino mwafanizo wina wa akale Indian fanizo. Zikuthandizani kuti akumvetseni bwino akamanena za ziphunzitso za amene kuyambira basi kuti tiyanjane ndi Iye.

Choncho, fanizo la umulungu chobisika ...

Malinga ndi nthano, pamaso pa anthu onse padziko lapansi milungu. Choncho analenga Brahma. Koma posakhalitsa, mbuye wa milungu yonse ataona kuti ntchito mphamvu zawo si ndithu woongoka, choncho anaganiza mphamvu zawo Mulungu. Pa nthawi yomweyo anafunsa kuti: kodi umulungu zobisika za anthu kotero kuti iwo samakhoza kupeza izo?

Kuthetsa vuto ili, Brahma anaitana alangizi. Iwo anayamba kudzaza ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana: kupereka kwa m'manda umulungu wa nthaka, ndi zina - ndi kuponyera pansi pa nyanja ... Komabe, palibe maganizo sanali Brahma. "Anthu posakhalitsa kapena kenako apeza pansi pa nyanja" - Iye adayankha nthawi.

Mwadzidzidzi mbuye wa milungu anazindikira zoyenera kuchita. Iye anaganiza kubisa umulungu mwa munthuyo. Ndipo anachita. Man anagonjetsa kumwamba ndi kuya kwa nyanja, kilometre mumphangayo mumangonyong'onyeka pansi, koma kuti kumvwa angamvwe konse ndinayang'ana mkati ndekha.

Yoga History: amapeza wakale

N'zovuta kudziwa mmene mwakuya mu mbiri ya mizu anati yoga Tambasula. Motero, Indus Mtsinje chigwa ofukula zisindikizo wakale anapezeka, chibwenzi ku wachiwiri Zakachikwi BC. Iwo akamachita anthu ndi milungu ali zachilendo (ofufuza za awerengedwa 16 zinthu zosiyanasiyana). kafukufukuyu upezeke mbiri yakale amati mtundu umodzi wa anati yoga wakhala kudziwika kwa anthu a chitukuko Harappan.

Ngati ife kulankhula za maumboni olembedwa, mawu akuti "anati yoga" woyamba akupezeka nsanja Veda - mmodzi wa zipilala amakezana mabuku Indian.

Patanjali komanso "Yoga Sutras"

Chiphunzitso chimenechi amatanthauza mndandanda wopangidwa sukulu asanu chikale wa Chihindu. Yoga nzeru chimakhudzana kwambiri zogwirizana ndi malangizo a Sankhya. Komabe, poyerekeza ndi izo, anati yoga - kwambiri theistic.

Za ubale wa sukulu awiriwa anati mu nthawi yake, ndipo Genrih Tsimmer. Komabe, iye ananena kuti Sankhya limafotokoza ambiri a chikhalidwe cha munthu, pamene makhalidwe anati yoga ndi umatsegula njira yomasula yake (moksha boma).

Sukulu ina ya nzeru Indian, anati yoga ali malemba ake opatulika. Izi otchedwa "Yoga Sutras" zafotokozedwa tchire Patanjali. Mu mmodzi wa iwo, ndi njira, mphunzitsi ukusonyeza chimake cha mfundo patsogolo pathu. Malinga ndi lemba la wachiwiri sutra, anati yoga - ndi "njira ya kuthetsa chisangalalo chibadidwe maganizo."

Swami Vivekananda: moyo wa nzeru zapamwamba za

Imodzi mwa oimira yowala sukuluyi ndi Indian tchire ndi womenyera ufulu chikhalidwe swami Vivekananda. Yoga nzeru pa ntchito yake unayamba tanthauzo latsopano. Iye anali wokhoza kufotokoza zake zazikulu ku mawu a azungu.

Swami Vivekananda amakhala ndi kugwira ntchito mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX. Iye anabadwa mu 1863 ku banja la chipembedzo kwambiri. Iye anaphunzira pa Scottish Church College, adali ndi chidwi nzeru. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Vivekananda, amene cholinga ndi kupeza munthu amene anakumana ndi Mulungu yekha. Posachedwa ataipeza. Zinali ngati Ramakrishna. Vivekananda posachedwa amakhala wophunzira wake.

Mu 1888 iye pamodzi ndi ophunzira ena a Ramakrishna, akuyamba kuyenda mwa dera la India. Ndiye ku mayiko ena (USA, France, Japan, England ndi ena). Tchire anamwalira mu 1902. thupi swami, ndiponso monga Mlangizi wauzimu, anali unachita kutenthedwa pa magombe a Ganges Mtsinje.

Pa moyo wake, Vivekananda analemba angapo ntchito. Zofunika kwambiri pakati pawo ndi zotsatirazi:

• "Karma Yoga" (1896).
• "Raja Yoga" (1896).
• "Vedanta Philosophy: nkhani pa Jnana-Yoga" (1902).

Swami Vivekananda: nzeru

Vivekananda limabweretsa mawu lodziwika bwino: "Mulungu ndi munthu koma maina ake osiyana." Ena amamutcha Yesu, ena - ndi Mulungu, ndipo ena - Buddha ndi zina zotero.

Swami Vivekananda anali wolemekezeka ndi m'maganizo a maganizo ake. adakwaniritsa waukulu monga nzeru zapamwamba ndi anakwanitsa kutsimikizira kuti maganizo chifungulo cha Vedanta ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zolinga chinthu zothandiza, mu moyo wapoyera.

"Munthu aliyense - ndi Mulungu palokha" - mawu awa a Ramakrishna anali ulusi wofiira mu moyo wa nzeru zapamwamba za. Iye anali wotsimikiza kuti palibe munthu adzakhala free, bola ngati ufulu sadzatero aliyense. Vivekananda ananena kuti alidi munthu ŵakusanga ayenera kugwira ntchito mwakhama chipulumutso cha ena. Wafilosofi kutamandidwa kusadziona kukhala wopambana ena ndi pomenyera onse chikhulupiriro mwa nokha.

Swami Vivekananda maganizo chikhalidwe zochokera chakuti State ndi mpingo ayenera anapambulwa. Chipembedzo, maganizo ake, Mulimonsemo, sayenera kulowerera mu nkhani za m'banja, ubwenzi cholowa, ndi zina zotero. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti anthu ayenera Choncho kukhala osakaniza yunifolomu a mitundu yonse inai. Ndipo iye ankakhulupirira kuti chipembedzo sayenera kulowerera pa ndondomeko ya kumanga anthu abwino.

Hatha Yoga: School of Philosophy

Dzina la mzere wa anati yoga anamasuliridwa kuchokera Chisansikiriti monga "kumatheka maphatikizidwe". Choyamba postulates sukuluyi systematized Svātmārāma. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti Hatha Yoga ndi njira yokonza thupi m'mitima zovuta.

Mawu "hatha," Ofufuza amasonyeza wopangidwa mwa zigawo ziwiri: "ha" - m'maganizo ndi "Gologota" - mphamvu ya moyo.

Hatha anati yoga - chiphunzitso mabuku mmene kukwaniritsa mogwirizana thupi mwa zotsatira thupi ndiponso maganizo pa thupi (ichi asana, pranayama, mudra ndi bandha). Aliyense wa amenewa amakhudza mbali makamaka thupi la munthu. Mu hatha anati yoga anasankhidwa maofesi Zochita enieni amene angakuthandizeni thanzi labwino ndi kulimbana matenda akuluakulu.

Mpweya - maziko a moyo

Chimake cha Hatha anati yoga ndi kupuma. Otsatira sukulu ino amakhulupirira kuti chikoka cha kupuma pa thupi ndi amphamvu kuti munthu mmodzi yekha pranayama (kupuma kokoka) akhoza kwambiri patsogolo chikhalidwe chawo. A kuphatikiza skilful wa asanas nawo - icho chimachita chitsimikizo cha thupi athanzi ndi amphamvu.

Hatha Yoga nzeru za dokotala Cholinga yaikulu kuyeretsedwa kwathunthu dongosolo anthu kupuma. Komanso, ndi luso la ulesi thupi ndi onse minofu yake. Ndipotu, momveka weniweni wa mumtima amabwera kwa zosangalatsa za chamoyo.

Chikhalidwe cha thupi, maganizo ndi ganizo njira ya munthu kugwirizana ndi kupuma wake. Ine ndikuganiza, ndibvomerezana nacho zonse. N'chifukwa chake Hatha Yoga ndi chidwi linaperekedwa kwa luso ndi njira ya kupuma moyenera. Pa nthawi yomweyo limaphunzitsa anthu mmene kupuma molondola, osati paphunziro wapadera, komanso moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. mtima wanzeru ndi mosamala kwa thanzi lawo - kuti ndi zimene limaphunzitsa anthu hatha anati yoga. Nzeru za anthu ndi mchitidwe nthawi yomweyo organically nsalu mu chiphunzitso ichi.

Zolinga akukhudzidwira ndi zolinga za anati yoga

Aliyense amene wadzipereka kuchita kwambiri mu anati yoga, kodi zolinga zosiyana. Izi zikhoza kukhala chilakolako yosavuta thanzi lawo kapena kuchiza matenda aakulu. Ndipo munthu anati yoga - ndicho chinsinsi kukwaniritsa moksha ( "wogwirizana ndi Brahman").

Mwa njira, ndi moksha - ndondomeko ndi chakuti yomenyera samsara - cholinga chachikulu cha m'masukulu ambiri a nzeru wakale Indian. Koma Vaishnavism cholinga chachikulu cha anati yoga ndi chikhumbo cha Mulungu, Mlengi. Malinga ndi ziphunzitso za sukulu zimenezi, Vaishnava ndiye kugwa mu dziko atangoona wauzimu yomwe iye amakhala utumiki wathu chikulimbikitsa wa Vishnu.

Chitukuko cha anati yoga ku Russia

nzika aliyense Russia anasonyeza chidwi anati yoga adakali akale chosintha. Mu nthawi ya Soviet Union, sukulu anali pansi pa lamulo loletsa maganizo, amene Komabe, sanalephere okonda munthu kuchita theka-mwalamulo.

Mu Russia, panthawi zosiyanasiyana, ambiri odziwika bwino umunthu anali okopa yogwira anati yoga. Pakati pawo - dokotala BL Smirnov, Professor V. Brody wolemba VI Voronin, injiniya Ya I. Koltunov ndi ena ambiri.. Cha m'ma 80 ntchentche mu Moscow akuyamba bungwe la maphunziro apamwamba - otchedwa Yoga Academy. tate wake anali Gennady Stetsenko. Pa nthawi yomweyo likulu la Soviet Union pali zasayansi omwe kuphunzira njira atsopano a chithandizo ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Kumene, mu dera chidwi a zasayansi m'gulu ndi ziphunzitso za India wakale - anati yoga.

Yoga kwa oyamba: zothandiza malangizo ochepa

Lero, anati yoga maphunziro amaphunzitsidwa pafupifupi club thanzi. Komabe, anthu odziwa akadali analimbikitsa m'kalasi mu sukulu zapadera.

nsonga potsiriza pang'ono kwa anthu amene akufuna kuyamba zamatsenga anati yoga:

• zovala maphunziro ayenera kukhala omasuka ndipo anapanga nsalu achilengedwe
• kuyamba chitukuko cha anati yoga muyenera yaing'ono, pang'onopang'ono ozama mu "kuya" a chiphunzitso;
• mwadya makalasi osafunika, chifukwa mutu uliwonse watsopano ndi zomveka kupitiriza kwa yapita limodzi;
• mchitidwe Yoga ayenera kulankhula mwadala kwambiri ndi bwinobwino.

Ndipo, ndithudi, musaiwale kuti anati yoga - sikungokhudza wathanzi, toned thupi, komanso mwayi wopeza chiyanjano cha thupi ndi moyo.

Pomaliza ...

Yoga - nzeru ya India wakale, amene ali wotchuka kwambiri mu dziko masiku ano. Koma si nzeru, kapena kani, osati izo. Ndi sayansi, chipembedzo, kalekale miyambo ndi ntchito. Kodi chokopa masiku ano mwamuna anati yoga nzeru?

The yochepa yankho la funso limeneli kukhala mfundozo ziwiri zazikulu. Choyamba: Yoga kumathandiza munthu kulimbana ndi kuthamanga yaikulu zenizeni wankhanza. Chachiwiri, angathe aliyense wa ife kutsegula njira kudziŵa yekha, umunthu wake wamkati.