Ufumu Karla Velikogo - Roma Chachiwiri

Ufumu wa Roma anagwa pansi ndi alimbane wa akunjawo ndi anasiya zolinga zazikulu nostalgic. Nzeru ndi ukulu wa Rome wakale kwambiri moti ngakhale poyesa kutengera agonjetsi. Ku Ulaya, panali zakuya njira pofuna kutsitsimutsa wamphamvu logwirizana boma, lomwe idzapitirizabe, monga kale Rome, m'nyanja ya Atlantic ku mayiko onse a Ulaya. Zija ndi kusonkhana dziko mu chikhalidwe imodzi yokha ufumu yekha Karla Velikogo. A tione mbiri zake, ndi kugwa.

Atagwa wa Roma ndi mphamvu, mmodzi wa atsogoleri German fuko franc Chlodwig, watero yokha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma V mfumu. Kuyambira anayamba ndi mafumu, lomwe lili ndi dzina la Merovingian. The VIII mu. Pepin, meya wa panyumba ya Merovingian mfumu yomaliza, kutsitsidwa ku 751, suzerain wake. mwana Pepin a anagwira wachifumu - Carl, anadzatchedwa Wamkulu. Pokhala msirikali amabadwa ndi luso mtsogoleri wa asilikali watsopano King, osati anapereka dzina la banja lonse achifumu, komanso anakwanitsa kukuza malire a boma Wachifulanki mpaka itafika kale lonse. Chifukwa makampeni a asilikali ake, anapanga pano superstate - ufumu wa Charlemagne.

Anatengera impso oyambirira ndipo anali mfumu ya zaka 46 (kuchokera 768 mpaka 814 zaka). Nthawi imeneyi, nawo yokopa makumi asanu asilikali. Motero, chifukwa cha namatetule wa mkulu wa asilikaliwo, Charles kuchuluka m'dera la ufumu mu theka. Iye linalanda Bavaria ndi Italy. Kummawa, iye anagonjetsa Saxon ndi nthawi kuponderezedwa mwankhanza kupanduka kwawo, ndi bwino anagonjetsa Turkey amamuopseza kuwonongeka. Mu kumadzulo kwa ufumu wa Charlemagne linakumana ndi amphamvu kwambiri mdani - ndi Saracens, amenenso anali adani ake, wogonjetsa wa ku Spain Peninsula ndi pafupi kwathunthu. Asilikali wolamulira anakwanitsa akanikizire kutsidya lina la Mtsinje Ebro.

Pachimake, kuzungulira chaka 800, ufumu Charlemagne anatambasula ku Ebro kumadzulo kwa Danube ndi Elbe kummawa, kumpoto iye anapita ku North Sea ndi Nyanja Baltic, ndi kumwera - ndi Mediterranean. Pamalo abwino Welcome Papa mphamvu zosatha pa "papa States," tate wa mafumu anali wokhoza kuti thandizo la atsogoleri achipembedzo, ndipo nthawi yomweyo papa ankaona m'manja wake. M'chaka 800, pa Tsiku la Khirisimasi, Leo III wa, Papa udindo wolamulira wamkulu wa korona wachifumu, ndipo analengeza pamaso dziko lonse la Chikhristu, "Mulungu, korona Woyera Mfumu ya Aroma."

Ufumu Karla Velikogo anakhalabe asapita zamtendere ndi Byzantium ndi dziko Arab. Pofuna kutsitsimutsa mphamvu ya Roma ndi kudzawala wakale, wolamulira anakhazikitsa likulu lake, Aachen, mtundu wa pakati chikhalidwe. Kumeneko, pa kuyitana kwa mfumu, anabwera ndipo ntchito Ioann Skott Erigena, Alcuin, Pavel Diakon, Hraban Moor ndi ena. Ndi ufumu lamulo m'madera osiyanasiyana a dziko iwo anakhazikitsa sukulu za akuphunzira si Chimonko kokha, komanso anthu akudziko. Izi yochepa maluwa a chikhalidwe walandira mbiri yakale wotchedwa "Carolingian Kubadwa Kwatsopano".

Komabe, ana a Charles - Louis, Lothar ndi Charles ndi dazi - sizikanati zigwirizane cholowa ndipo anayamba kuchita ndi aliyense ndewu ena. Mu 843, Verdun yosainidwa mgwilizano umene gawo unagawidwa pakati pa abale awiri. Ngakhale kuti banja lachifumu akalipo, ufumu Carolingian ndisungunuka mu zidutswa. mutu wa mfumu ndi ayamba ephemeral. Mu XI mu. mu ufumu wa France ayamba latsopano, Capetian Mafumu (adayambitsa Gugo Kapet).