"Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." Lermontov, "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia": mbiri ya chilengedwe, kusanthula ndakatulo

Ndakatulo "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." Lermontov analemba mu chaka chatha a moyo wake asanakalambe linasokonekera. Pa nthawi yomweyo kuyanga talente zolembalemba. Yosavuta mizere eyiti si Ndime kwambiri kuzindikira pakati pa olemera zolembalemba cholowa a ndakatulo iyi. Ndipo ngakhale ena mwapadera za kukongola kapena ungwiro syllable ndakatulo. Monga mavesi awiriwa kwa zaka zambiri m'gulu maphunziro kusukulu ndi kuloweza mbadwo uliwonse watsopano wa ophunzira ndi mtima.

Kodi ndakatulo amafuna kunena octave izi? Kodi chinachitika n'chiyani kulemba ndakatulo "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..."? Kodi kwambiri pyakubisika mkati, pa Koyamba, mizere yosavuta?

mbiri

Kovuta mumvetse bwino ntchito iliyonse, pamene anatengedwa kuchokera kwa nkhani ya mbiri. Makamaka mfundo imeneyi imagwira ntchito kwa ndakatulo. Ndipotu, mankhwala a mtundu volumetric a buku kapena nkhani amalola kudzatunga izi achikhalidwe, kumene kumakhudza maganizo athu ndi lalifupi ndime zambiri akutumikira monga ngati chiwonetsero cha mtima chifukwa malo ozungulira, ndipo ayenera zikhulupiriro.

Ndakatulo "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." (Lermontov), umene bwinobwino kunayamba 1841. Panthawi imeneyi, kutambasula kwa zaka pafupifupi, ndi Caucasus nkhondo zinali pachimake. Russia kufuna alumikiza m'madera phiri ndi kulimbikitsa malire ndi ufulu kukoma mapiri kuyesetsa kukhalabe ufulu wawo.

Ngakhale kumasulira msilikali kapena wapolisi akuchita mu Caucasus anali gawo n'chimodzimodzi ndi maulalo tikiti mu njira imodzi. Makamaka pambuyo munthu dongosolo loyenera, limene limalimbikitsa ntchito wolimba pamwamba pa nkhondo yakula mfundo.

umunthu wolembayo

Ndi 1841, Mihailu Yurevichu Lermontovu adayamba zaka 26 (tsiku la kubadwa kwake, sanakhale moyo m'chaka chimenecho). Iye kale udachita mbiri wolemba ndakatulo, koma monga munthu anthu sanali iye. Ndipo mtima uli, akuvomereza, izo bwino choyenerera. Wolemba bwino anayesa kupeza mbiri yakuti buffoon ndi mafupa okhaokha. Ndi nthabwala zinalinso caustic mtima kuposa bwino chikhalidwe. Ndakatulo Lermontov ndi makhalidwe wake phokoso frequenter wa Interiors zakuthupi kotero chidwi si zogwirizana ndi mzake, kuti owerenga ambiri ankaona zochitika, anasonyeza ndakatulo, olimba masewera m'maganizo. Only mawu abwino popanda yekha zimakhudza pafupi pa iwo.

Komabe, malinga ndi anzake angapo, Michael ankavala chigoba pa anthu, koma pa pepala iye anakhetsa nyimbo chobisika adzazunzidwa ndi callousness wa moyo dziko.

Koma kuti amene analemba "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." anali patriot kwenikweni, palibe munthu adakayika. Ine kukonda Mama anasonyeza osati kaimbidwe lapamwamba, komanso mu zochita nkhondo. Pamene nthawi kutenga mbali maudani, Mikhail sachita manyazi ulemu wa banja wakale mfulu. Mu chilungamo tisaiwale kuti ntchito ya usilikali mwamtheradi simumuganizira kuti Michael. Iye ngakhale ankavutika tachokamo, kuti athe kugwira ntchito mabuku popanda zododometsa, koma sanayese n'komwe kukhumudwitsa analeredwa ndi agogo ake, amene ankafuna kuti awone yekha chidzukulu bwino asilikali.

zochitika moyo

Mu 1837, chifukwa cha ndakatulo "Imfa a mlakatuli Ndi" Lermontov adatsutsika ndipo anatumizidwa ku ulalo choyamba mu Caucasus. Chifukwa cha pempho la agogo Elizabeth Alekseevna Arsenyev, amene anali kugwirizana pa bwalo, ndipo anakhala kumeneko yaitali - chabe miyezi ingapo. Ndipo khalani zinali ndakatulo m'malo chuma cha zidindo zosangalatsa, m'malo ngozi.

Kumayambiriro a 1840, Lermontov analowa duel, kwa amene adapezeka olakwa pa kugwirizana wachiwiri zone nkhondo. nthawi iyi kuti linayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito ponena kutaya Mfumu kufunika zonse kuchita mlandu mu mzere woyamba kuukira.

Mogwirizana ndi zochitika zimenezi ndipo analemba ndakatulo "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ...". Lermontov m'kukoma mtima kwake dongosolo ndiye alipo. Iye chitaya molimba chidole, umene umabwera kupyolera kuwawa ndi losaneneka kuti Lathu wake wokondedwa kupita mwankhanza, ndipo anthu onse slavishly kuthandiza kuti anakhazikitsa.

ndakatulo imeneyi, mosakayikira linalembedwa pa khafu, mu umodzi utagwa Lowani. Mu izo Iye anatsanulira mkwiyo wake onse ndi chilakolako kusiya ululu wa ochita zinthu zopanda chilungamo. Nayembekeza amapezera mpumulo kutali ndi kwawo, mu expanses wa lalikulu la Caucasus.

Kwenikweni lililonse akuti m'mavesi awiriwa ali ndi tanthauzo lalikulu. Apatsidwe pang'ono nthawi kumvetsa zimene mtengo ankagwiritsa ntchito Lermontov zithunzi anthu amene anali kukhala ku mapeto a mafunde XIX atumwi. Only mu nkhani iyi, mphamvu ndi kukongola, litapakidwa octave ichi, kukaonekera pamaso pa inu mu ulemerero wake onse.

"Pitani-bwino"

Mawu "tiwonana" woyamba chindunji sayambitsa. Mlembi zipita n'kunkhondo, ndipo zimenezi kuli koyenera pano. Komabe, ngakhale izi, pa koyamba, n'zoonekeratu ndi osatsutsika mfundo lagona chinthu china. Ndipotu, monga wolemba ndakatulo amafunsira osati kwawo wokondedwa, ndi kuti alipo chikhalidwe alandiridwa naye.

Ndi manja, pafupifupi kumalire ndi dziko la mtima. Povunduka mu nganga ya ndakatulo chakukhosi amatayika kunja lalifupi "chabwino." Ngakhale anagonjetsa dongosolo, koma osati wosweka mtima.

"Osasamba Russia"

Funso loyamba ndi yovomerezeka ndithu kuti ikutuluka aliyense, osachepera pang'ono bwino ntchito za Mikhail Yurevich, ndi zotsatirazi: chifukwa ndakatulo limagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "osasamba Russia"? Lermontov ali mu malingaliro apa si zodetsa thupi nzika anzawo.

Choyamba, vesi Lermontov akusonyeza kuti iye manyazi anthu wamba Russian mophweka zosaganizika. Chikondi ndi ulemu chifukwa amalimbikitsa ntchito zake zonse. Ndakatulo molimba mtima amutsutsa moyo wa otchuka, koma moyo wa anthu wamba yosavuta, izo zimatenga monga organically monga kukongola lovuta chikhalidwe Russian.

Chachiwiri, mbiri yakale, kuti zaka Russia unachitikira wofunika kwambiri kukhalabe ukhondo. Mu m'midzi yambiri losauka analipo kusamba, ndasambitsa ndi amphawi uko kamodzi pa sabata. Kodi sitinganene za "ŵakusanga" Europe, kumene azimayi woyengeka wochita kusamba - mu nkhani yabwino - kawiri kapena katatu pa chaka. Ndipo cavaliers awo magaloni ntchito mafuta onunkhira onunkhiritsa kuti aphe kununkha matupi osasamba.

Motero mawu akuti "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia" Lermontov ndakatulo yomwe mwambo wa nthawi anali kumwazikana pa salons mfulu, ngakhale popanda kumasulidwa, chabe anafuna kusonyeza kunyoza kwawo malamulo. Iyo inali ndemanga zopweteka, zotere, poyamba, ndikanakhoza kokha likulakwitsa ndiye Russian.

"Dziko la akapolo"

Ngakhale kusanthula cursory a ndakatulo "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." palibe chifukwa chokhulupirira kuti "kapolo" wolemba mwanjira zikutanthauza serfs. Ayi, apa ananena kuti kumvera kapolo wa kalasi chapamwamba. Pa Ndipotu, ndi kusayeruzika ya aliyense wa iwo mu nkhope ya mphamvu.

"The njonda dziko"

Mawu akuti "Ambuye" apa limadziwika bwino zoipa apamtima. Ndi mofananira kuti maganizo "ankhanza zazing'ono" - anamaliza kuphedwa ndi nzeru yekha. The kusakhutira wolemba ndakatulo achinyamata kumvetsa. Pambuyo duel, chifukwa cha umene adapezeka olakwa, iyo inali chabe zachibwana. Pamene Lermontov Goliyati yemwe anali Mlengi wa duel ndi kuwombera, anasowa, Michael chabe anadzikhuthula mfuti wake mfuti kumbali - sanafune kuvulaza anachititsa Ernest de A Barentin.

Komabe, chilango kutongwa kwa Michael, pambuyo Ernest De Barante anali mwana wa kazembe French, ndipo sachita mu chochitika mosayenera chabe bata mmwamba. Mwina n'chifukwa chake ndakatulo "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ...", nkhani ya chilengedwe chimakhudzana ndi ayi ndithu mayesero chilungamo, ndi impregnated ndi kuwawa zimenezi.

"Ndipo inu, buluu yunifolomu ..."

Blue alonda mu Russian Ufumu anali anthu a gendarmerie, amene wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu wamba kapena kapena usilikali sanasangalale. ndakatulo A "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." ndipo sanena amawakokela ndi mphamvu bata, koma ngati othandiza analipo tsarist mwankhanza.

"Ndipo inu, anthu okhulupirika"

Anthu, wokhulupirika apolisi? Inde sichinachitike! Apa Lermontov sindikuyankhula mochuluka kwambiri zokhudza anthu monga anthu, nanga dongosolo la ndale wonse. wolemba amakhulupirira kuti Russia lagged kumbuyo mphamvu oyandikana kwambiri ku Ulaya mu nkhani za chitukuko cha zida za boma. Ndipo zinthu zimenezi zimatheka chifukwa mtundu wonse popanda kudandaula kuthandiza kuti wogwila.

"Mwina khoma anabisa Caucasus"

Mtima wofuna kuthawa chilichonse ziri mu zone ya nkhondowo mwina m'pomveka kwambiri. Komabe, Lermontov Caucasus anali malo lapadera. Kwa nthawi yoyamba iye kukamuona iye akadali mnyamata wamng'ono, ndipo zidindo omveka nthawi imeneyi, iye anapitiriza ndi moyo wake.

Pa Buku loyamba Mikhail kuyenda kuposa nkhondo. Anachita chidwi ndi chikhalidwe lalikulu ndi womasuka kwambiri ndi chokhudza boma. Poganizira zinthu izi, ndi losavuta kumvetsa chilakolako cha ndakatulo ndi kubisa izo mu Caucasus.

"... ku pashas anu"

Koma mawu oti "Pashas" zikuwoneka penapake organically onena za boma mu Russian Ufumu. Chifukwa Lermontov amagwiritsa mutu wa olamulira a Ottoman pofotokoza gendarmes Russian?

Ena mwa mawu kuika mu malo a liwu lakuti "Mafumu" kapena "atsogoleri". Komabe, n'zovuta kuvomereza mfundo yakuti mungachite izi poyamba ntchito Lermontov. "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." - vesi limene wolemba amatsutsa ina wogwila kuti chimene ine mfumu unachita mbali yofunika. Koma mfumu, monga mtsogoleri, pangakhale chimodzi chokha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mayina aulemu ochulukitsa Pankhaniyi atha kungodziwa chabe zolakwika.

Lermontov a m'nthawi ngati mawu akanatero unambiguously rezanulo kumva. Tiyerekeze kuti Woitana uthenga anganene zinthu monga "Ndipo tsopano Purezidenti wathu ...". Chinachake monga mawu akuti "kuthawa mafumu" kuti kumveka kwa owerenga m'zaka za m'ma XIX.

M'chizungumo, m'mbiri yonse ya anthu a ku Turkey chifukwa anthu Russian anali adani. Ndipo mpaka pano, chizindikiritso cha dziko imeneyi imagwira ntchito kwa nicknames zolawula. Ndakatulo "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." linalembedwa pa nthawi imene Turkey kwa anthu Russian mwamphamvu kugwirizana ndi okhwima boma autocratic. Choncho, oimira gendarmes osankhika limatchedwa pashas, kutsindika maganizo kuti iwo anthu wamba. Kwenikweni, zimenezi ndi mfundo pakuika kwambiri Russian ndakatulo mu ndakatuloyi wake.

"Onse kuona" ndi "Kumva"

Kalanga Mikhail Lermontov duel ndi Ernest de A Barant ankavala, ndithudi, kwathunthu payekha. Mkangano pakati pa achinyamata anatenga malo m'nyumba ya munthu wina wotchuka ena a Laval, amene anapereka mpira. Pakokha duel zinachitika patatha masiku awiri mu malamulo onse osalembedwa - mu malo a phe pamaso pa masekondi pa mbali zonse.

Ngakhale kuti palibe zotsatira zoipa za zipolowe uyu anali zosachepera zitatu masabata, Lermontov atagwidwa. mlandu iye wapatsidwa nkhani "misprision". Kapena wachiwiri, kapena Goliyati kuyankha sanali nawo.

Chifukwa chiyambi cha kufufuza sanachite chilichonse chidzudzulo konkire mmodzi wa ophunzira mwachindunji, ndi mbiri za duel kuti yafalikira mwa alonda wamng'ono. Choncho, wolemba ndakatulo amagwiritsa ntchito epithet "onse napenya-" ndi "Kumva" pofotokoza ntchito ya apolisi.

Komabe, ena mabuku a ndakatulo "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." kupereka kosiyana zosiyana kuwerenga mizere ziwiri zapitazi. Mu wolemba anadandaula za "sakuona diso" ndi "makutu akumva ayi," akuyankhula za khungu ndi kukondera chilungamo.

Chabwino, chiphunzitso chimenechi ali ndi ufulu kulibe. Kusiyana Komabe, limene anthu ambiri? Pomaliza, ndakatulo Lermontov - si mankhwala a zaka zikwi zapitazo, zimene ofukula ndi kubwezeretsa nyenyeswa. Ndipo pa nthawi ya kulemba ndakatulo imeneyi wolemba anali kale odziwika bwino chilengedwe chake m'kuphethira kwa diso inasokoneza mwa anzeru, motero kusiya njira mu makumi kapena mazana a magazini. kusiyana ndi anthu ambiri anayamba kukayikira ngakhale kuti ndime iyi nkomwe Lermontov. "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." anavutika chopweteka otsutsa kuukira.

Kukayikira olemba ndi

Mtsutso waukulu, imbaenda kukayikira kuti wolemba ndakatulo imeneyi ndi Mikhail Lermontov - ndi nthawi buku ntchito. Popeza imfa ya ndakatulo iyi anatha kupita pafupifupi theka zaka - zaka 46. kabukuka oyambirira zilipo pamanja Ming'oma chiyambi cha mndandanda wa 70 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo. Izi zikutanthauza kusiyana pa zaka zitatu pakati pa nthawi ya kulemba oyambirira ndi buku la.

Osati sewero osakwatira kapena kusodza, anapanga dzanja la Mikhail Yurevich, komanso kulibe. Komabe, Bartne (mbiri yakale, amene waulula kuwala sankadziwika ndakatulo) m'makalata munthu akunena za kukhalako kwa lapachiyambi lolembedwa ndi cholembera Lermontov, koma popanda iyeyo chikalatacho chifukwa palibe amene anaona.

Ngakhale zimawavuta kwambiri pakati zolembalemba ndakatulo "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ..." khalidwe lokha. The kusanthula ubale wolemba kuti kumasuka dziko lawo molunjika osati zokhumudwitsa, ndipo ngakhale, mwa njira ina, mu kuswa dziko, amene kale Lermontov konse kuwonetseredwa.

Komabe, angapo precipitating okonda mavumbulutso chidwi ndi Dziwani kuti wake wotchuka "Tsalani bwino!" Lermontov chitaya si Mama, ndi opanda ungwiro boma zida. Ndi kuti aliyense wagwirizana ndi zolembalemba yonena za ndakatulo iyi.

Mfundo ina ntchito otsutsa - kupenda poyerekeza a ndakatulo awiri: "kwawo" ndi "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ...". Iwo ankati lolembedwa ndi kusiyana kwa miyezi ingapo. Komabe, wina zinapatsira ndi kulemekeza kwa Lathu, ndipo lachiwiri ndi wodzala unflattering kwa chomwecho achipongwe Mama.

Izo zikhoza mosayembekezera kusintha maganizo a ndakatulo iyi? Ndipo kodi sichoncho? Buku yekha kuwawa chofuna kuchita zambiri Lermontov ntchito. Iwo basi mophweka anasonyeza kwambiri limaonetseratu ife tikupeza, mu vesi "Tsalani bwino, osasamba Russia ...". Palibe mwamwano dziko kwawo, kumene otsutsa akuyesera mwachindunji. Pali ululu a mlakatuli akufuna kuona dziko lawo wolemera ndi mwapang'onopang'ono, koma amakakamizidwa kuti mulimbane ndi chakuti zolinga izi tikhale boma alipo.

Koma pamapeto, aliyense kudzisankhira yekha, zimene iye anakhulupirira. mfundo zokwanira pa wina ndi pa dzanja ena. Ndipo amene anali mlembi wa ndakatulo imeneyi ndi zoona, izo chosasunthika mu mabuku Russian ndi tikhonza kukuuzani zambiri za vuto mosavuta mu zaka za m'ma XIX.

Ndipo kwa mafani wa Mihaila Yurevicha Lermontova ntchito ndithu wolemba zomwe, mosakaika, ndi ndakatulo. Mwa njira, amene pa moyo wake ankatchedwa m'malo mwa Pushkin! cholowa wake zolembalemba, mosakaika, angayerekezedwe ndi kubalalika a ngale mu chuma cha mabuku Russian.