Antiokeya Mpingo: history, udindo panopa

Panopa dziko Orthodoxy zikuphatikizapo khumi autocephalous (palokha) Mpingo. Pakati pawo, malinga womulera mu Russian Orthodox diptych - kuyitanitsa kukumbukira mapemphero a anyani, malo lachitatu wotanganidwa ndi Mpingo wa ku Antiokeya, yemwe ali mmodzi wa yakale kwambiri mu dziko. Mbiri yake ndi mavuto a moyo amakono nkhani zokambirana zathu.

Anasiya a Atumwi Woyera

Malinga ndi nthano, idamangidwa pa '37 ndi atumwi oyera Petro ndi Paulo, mzinda wa Antiokeya, amene anali gawo la Syria wakale. Lero amatchedwa Antakya ndi gawo la Turkey ano. Tikumbukenso kuti mu mzinda uno, otsatira a Yesu Khristu poyambilira kutchedwa Akhristu. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi chomangira chaputala 11 cha buku la Chipangano Chatsopano la Machitidwe.

Mofanana ndi Akristu onse mazana oyambirira, mamembala a Mpingo wa ku Antiokeya yomweyo pambuyo maziko ake pansi kuzunzidwa ndi akunja. Udzathetsa yekha co-olamulira a Roma - Mfumu Constantine Wamkulu ndi Licinius mu 313 lamulo wapadera mtchatho ufulu wachipembedzo m'madera onse kuwamvera, monga ku Antiokeya.

Amonke choyamba, moyo wodzimana ndi chiyambi cha mabishopu ndi

Amadziwika kuti pambuyo Antiochian Church anatuluka mobisa, pali ambiri monasticism ndi nthawi chipembedzo luso ndi analiko mpaka ndiye yekha mu Iguputo. Koma, mosiyana ndi ansembe a ku Nile Valley, ndi anzawo a ku Siriya anali zochepa anatseka namdula kuchokera kunja dziko moyo. Mu kuchuluka kwa ntchito zawo anali mmishonale ndi chikondi.

cipangizo ici anasintha m'zaka za lotsatira, pamene panali Way lonse m'gulu mbiri ya hermits mpingo ankachita ngati wokonda moyo wodzimana ft, ngati chipilala-okhalamo. The Chimonko, amene anakhala wotchuka mu njira iyi, kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito pemphero mosalekeza, kusankha malo ake otsegula pamwamba pa nsanja, chipilala mwala kapena kungoti mkulu. Woyambitsa wa gulu limeneli imatengedwa mmonke Siriya canonized mu nkhope wa woyera, - Simeon Stolpnik.

Antiochian Orthodox ndi chimodzi mwa patriarchates amakezana, kuti zimadalira ya mipingo, lotsogoledwa ndi kholo yake. Choyamba chinali Kanyaniko kumwamba 451 kuti mabishopu, Bishop limakhulupirira amene anatsalira ku mphamvu kwa zaka zisanu.

kusiyana Theological imene inachititsa kugawanika

Kwa zaka zambirimbiri, V ndi VII Antiokeya Church chachitika pa pachimake nkhondo pakati pa mbali ziwiri chikumenyana zamulungu. gulu limodzi wopangidwa ndi otsatira a chiphunzitso cha chikhalidwe wapawiri la Yesu Khristu, Mulungu ndi anthu chikhalidwe chake, zili mwa Iye, wosati pamodzi osati payokha. Iwo amatchedwa diofizitov.

owatsutsa - miafizity - zimatengera maganizo osiyana. Malinga ndi malingaliro awo, chikhalidwe cha Yesu Khristu anali wosakwatiwa, koma kutchula Mulungu komanso munthu. Mfundo imeneyi anakanidwa ndi kudzitcha achikunja kuti unachitikira mu chaka 451 Bungwe la Chalcedon. Ngakhale kuti amapereka ufulu mu zaka, Mfumu Justin Ine, amalimbikitsa chiphunzitso miafizitskoy kenako anatha kugwirizana kukopa anthu ambiri okhala Syria. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, atsogoleriwa kufanana unakhazikitsidwa chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa Siriya Orthodox. Iye ndi kutali amakhalabe miafizitskoy ndi adani ake aja anakhala mbali ya Mpingo Greek.

Mu ulamuliro wa Aluya

Mu May 637, Syria anali nkhondo Aluya, lomwe linali tsoka kwa anthu okhala m'madera ake Greek-Orthodox. mkhalidwe wawo likukulirakulira chifukwa chakuti agonjetsi anaona iwo okha wolakwika, komanso kuthekera ogwirizana mdani wake wamkulu - Byzantium.

Motero, mkulu wa mabishopu ku Antiokeya, kuyambira Macedonia, amene anatuluka m'dzikoli pa 638, anakakamizika kusuntha mpando wake pa Constantinople, koma pambuyo pa imfa ya George m'chaka 702 mabishopu palimodzi ndinayima. Antiokeya Church anapezanso Kanyaniko zaka makumi anayi okha patapita, pamene malamulo a zaka Caliph Hisham adabvumiza kuti chisankho cha kholo latsopano, koma anakhazikitsa mwamphamvu kulamulira kukhulupirika kwake.

Nkhondo ya Seljuk Turkey ndi nkhondo ya Akhristu

M'zaka za m'ma XI Antiokeya chinakwera latsopano nkhondo ya Aisiraeli. nthawi imeneyi anali Seljuk Turkey - wina wa nthambi ya ku Turkey Western dzina la mtsogoleri wawo Seljuk. Komabe, iwo sanali zoyembekezeka kwa nthawi yaitali kugwira phindu lawo, monga pambuyo zaka khumi, iwo anagogoda anaonekera m'madera awa ndi Akhristu. Kachiwiri, Mpingo wa ku Antiokeya anali kuona lolemera kwambiri chifukwa nthawi yake, monga ankalamulidwa ndi Akatolika kulikonse akuyesetsa kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wa chipembedzo chawo.

Kuti zimenezi zitheke, iwo achotsedwa analamulira mu masiku amenewo Yohane mabishopu, ndi mu malo ake anaika bishopuyo Roma Bernard. Posachedwapa, ndi mabishopu onse Orthodox mu madera pansi pa ulamuliro wa Akhristu, n'kuyamba ufumu wolowezana wa Chikatolika. Mu nkhani imeneyi, Antiochian Dipatimenti Orthodox kamodzinso anasamukira ku Constantinople, kumene mpaka 1261, pamene malo a agonjetsi European wofooka kwambiri.

Kusamukira ku Damasiko ndi goli Ottoman

Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIII, ndi Akhristu anakakamizika kusiya chuma chawo chatha mu East, koma nthawi iyi Orthodox, ngakhale zaka mazana awiri zapitazo amapanga theka la anthu Suriya, anali pafupi inawonongedwa ndipo anali chabe magulu anamwazikana. Mu 1342 Dipatimenti ya Mkulu wa Mabishopu Mpingo wa ku Antiokeya kunditumiza ku Damasiko. Apo iye anayikidwa mu masiku athu. Izi, ndi njira, yankho ku wokonda kufunsa funso limene ndi mpingo wa ku Antiokeya lero.

Mu 1517, Syria unagonjetsedwa ndi ufumu wa Ottoman, choncho mabishopu, Antiokeya anali kugonjera mbale wake Constantinople. chifukwa anali kuti Ufumu Byzantine kalekale muulamuliro Turkey, ndi mbadwa ya Constantinople anasangalala zothandizira mipingo yawo za akuluakulu ena. Ngakhale kuti Mpingo Orthodox anali umene misonkho yokulirapo mu malo a anthu ake wamba ndi kuwonongeka kwambiri kwachitika. Unalibe bwino ndipo ankafuna Islamization yaukapolo.

M'mbuyomu posachedwapa ndipo lero

M'nthawi ya mbiri posachedwapa wa Mpingo wa ku Antiokeya anasangalala zothandizira mipingo yawo boma la Russia. Ndi mothandizidwa wake, mu 1899 wachifumu wa umutu anali kulamulidwa ndi Orthodox Arab Meletios (Doumani). kusankha mwambo kwa malo a Aluya ulipobe. Kenako Nicholas Mobwerezabwereza kupereka mpingo ang'onoang'ono ndalama.

Lero Antiochian Orthodox Church, lotsogoledwa ndi zana ndi makumi asanu, wachisanu ndi mzere wa mabishopu John X (Yazidzhi), muli makumi awiri wa chigawocho, ndi chiwerengero cha mpingo, malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, Mitandadza anthu mamilioni awiri. Monga tanena m'nyumba ya khololo ili ku Damasiko.

nkhondo mpingo Middle East

Mu 2013, nkhondo adanyamuka pakati pa mipingo iwiri wakale wa dziko. Chifukwa anatumikira kusagwirizana wake monga mwagwirizana pa ufulu wongodzinenera kukhalapo mu Qatar. Antiokeya wa mabishopu John X anasonyeza kusakhutira ndi Yerusalemu mnzake wake za zonena ake chigawocho, yomwe ili emirate Middle East. yankholo mu mawonekedwe brooked palibe mkangano. Popeza nkhondo ku Yerusalemu ndi ku Antiokeya mpingo anatenga kotero maganizo kwakukulu, kuti ngakhale ankafunika ukalisitiya (mapemphero) kulankhulana pakati pawo.

Zikatere Inde kuwononga okhulupirika ndi mgwirizano lonse la dziko Orthodoxy. Pa nkhani imeneyi, utsogoleri wa Moscow Orthodox mobwerezabwereza kuti akukhulupirira kuti Antiokeya ndi Yerusalemu mpingo adzatha kusiyana maganizo awo ndi kupeza njira zabwino zowathetsera.

Wokana Council Zazipembedzo

Chaka chino, 18 kuti 26 June unachitikira ku Krete Pan-Orthodox (Zazipembedzo) konsolo. Komabe, iye unachitikira popanda mipingo anayi autocephalous m'dera pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana anakana pempho la nawo. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali Mpingo wa ku Antiokeya. Pan-Orthodox Cathedral anakonza mu chikhalidwe cha zokambirana mkangano pa nkhani zambiri zomwe zinatipangitsa kusagwirizana pakati pa gulu lake lingathe.

Koma chifukwa cha yaitali ndi Mipikisano faceted ntchito wochitidwa ndi akuluakulu a Mpingo, sikunali kotheka kuti akafike pangano pa ambiri a zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Izi, makamaka, ndi chifukwa cha kulephera ndi Mpingo wa ku Antiokeya wa tchalitchi. Ankaifotokoza mu mawu a nthumwi za Dipatimenti Synodal, anapangidwa mu May chaka chino. chisankho amenewa anapangidwa ndi utsogoleri wa Chibugariya, mipingo Chijojiya ndi Russian Orthodox.