Jan van Eyck "Arnolfini Chithunzicho"

"The Arnolfini Chithunzicho" - chithunzi chidwi kwambiri. Kuyambira wina zojambula ochepa burashi Jan van Eyck, mungaphunzire zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa. zojambulajambula Izi zikhoza kukopa osati luso la wojambula, komanso wafilosofi ndi woganiza.

"The Chithunzicho Arnolfini" ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zovuta kwambiri alembedwera kupenta ya kumpoto Kubadwa Kwatsopano wa sukulu ya kumadzulo. Pali zambiri chinsinsi pa cipangizo ici. Ife azipereka kwa inu ntchito galimoto Eyck a "Arnolfini Chithunzicho". Kufotokozera inu mudzapeza m'nkhani ino. Koma choyamba mawu ochepa za wojambula amene analenga wake umenewu.

A pang'ono za Jan van Eike

dzina lake Jan van Eyck (zaka za moyo - 1385 (mwina) - 1441). zojambulajambula Ino ndiyo nyengo ya oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Jan van Eyck - mwini portraiture, wamaliza pa 100 nyimbo osiyana pa nkhani zachipembedzo. Iwo anali mmodzi wa ojambula zithunzi woyamba amene anagwiritsa ntchito utoto mafuta. Pansipa pali chithunzi cha osadziwika ndi. lidalembedwa 1433. Mwina, iyi ndi kudzikonda chithunzi. Anapulumutsidwa kupenta mu National Gallery London.

Sitikudziwa tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwa Jan van Eyck. Amadziwika kuti anabadwa mu mzinda wa Maaseik, mu kumpoto Netherlands. Iye anaphunzira ku tsogolo mbuye Hubert, m'bale mkulu, amene ankagwira ntchito mpaka 1426 pamodzi. Ntchito yake nayamba pa bwalo mu The Hague chintchito. Kuyambira 1425 Jan van Eyck ndi courtier ndi zojambula za Philip III Wabwino, wolamulira wa Burgundy. Anadziŵa talente wa wojambula ndi ntchito yake analipira mowolowa manja.

Akukhulupirira kuti galimoto Eyck anatulukira utoto mafuta, ngakhale kokha bwino iwo. Komabe, mafuta yaitali litavomereza chonse, ndi njira imeneyi wakhala mwambo kwa Netherlands. Iye anachokera ku France ndi Germany, ndiyeno Italy.

Tiyeni tsopano kubwerera kwa kupenta "The Arnolfini Chithunzicho" ulemerero wojambula ndipo akadali kuchititsa mikangano. Ndi tsopano, komanso chithunzi cha zosadziwika, mu London, pa National Gallery.

Dzina la pachithunzipa

Dzinali poyamba osadziwika, koma zaka zana pambuyo, tinaphunzira kuti zikomo kwa buku kufufuza imodzi. Anamveka ngati izi: "A chithunzi chachikulu Hernoult Le chipsyepsye mu chipinda ndi mkazi wake." Amadziwika kuti Hernoult Le chipsyepsye - French mawonekedwe Arnolfini dzina (Italy). media ake - banja lalikulu ndi wamalonda osunga ndalama, omwe anali ndi nthambi Bruges pa nthawi.

Amene akufotokozedwa mu chithunzichi?

Iye akhapidziwa kwa nthawi yaitali kuti pa lona amaonetsera Giovanni Arolfini ndi mkazi wake dzina lake Giovanna Chenami. Komabe, chinapezeka mu 1997 kuti banjali yekha mu 1447 analowa m'banja, ndiko zaka 13 pambuyo chithunzi anawonekera, ndi zaka 6 kuchokera pamene wojambula imfa galimoto Eyck.

Akukhulupirira lero chithunzi ichi ankafotokozedwa Arnolfini ndi mkazi wake wakale, kapena msuwani wake ndi mkazi wake. m'bale uyu anali wamalonda Italy, mbadwa ya Lucca. Iyeyu wakhala kuyambira 1419 mu Bruges. Van Eyck utoto chithunzi chake, chimene amatilola kuganiza kuti munthu uyu anali bwenzi wa mmisiri.

Koma motsimikiza za amene akuimira mu zojambula za Van Eyck, sitingathe. Ambiri nthabwala pa izo kuti akufotokozedwa mu kupenta "The Chithunzicho Arnolfini" Putin (kufanana kwa iye pa Arnolfini kwenikweni).

Komabe, ife kutaya pa nthabwala pambali ndi kupitiriza kufotokoza zojambula lapansi.

nthawi kulenga zojambula

Written kupenta "Arnolfini Chithunzicho" anali mu Bruges mu 1434. Pa nthawi imeneyo mumzinda ameja ochitirapo malonda, amene ntchito ya lonse Kumpoto kwa Ulaya. Ku Scandinavia ndi Russia wabweretsedwa kuno ubweya ndi nkhuni, kudzera Venice ndi Genoa ku East anagwira zonunkhira, makalapeti, silika, ndi ku Portugal ndi Spain - malalanje, nkhuyu, mandimu. Olemera kopita unali mzinda wa Bruges.

zovala mkazi

Otchulidwa pachithunzipa The Arnolfini angapo anali wolemera. Izi zimaonekera makamaka chovala. Mkazi kuwonetsedwa kavalidwe, amene chokongoletsedwa ndi ermine. Iwo ali mchira wautali, amene ayenera wina kuti apitirize kuyenda. Mu kavalidwe kusuntha izo zinali zotheka ndi luso lapadera limene anagula mu mabwalo lolemera.

Zovala munthu mu chithunzi Van Eyck

Mwamuna otchulidwa pakhoma, amene wokonzedwa, ndipo mwina kugunda, sable kapena mink, ndi odulidwa mbali, ndi kulola ufulu kuchita, kusuntha. Nsapato matabwa izo Tingaone kuti munthu uyu sakhalanso apamwamba. Pofuna kupeza yakuda mu matope m'misewu, amayi ndi abambo anayenda pa machira, kapena pa mahatchi.

Burgundian mafashoni

Ku Ulaya, pamene panali mafashoni Burgundian, amene ankatsatira banja Arnolfini. Ichi chinali chifukwa wamphamvu chikoka chikhalidwe ndi andale a Duchy wa Burgundy. akazi sichotero chokha, komanso zovala zachimuna pa Burgundian bwalo pabwalo anali wamatama. zipewa cylindrical ndi nduwira ankavala amuna a kukula kwambiri. Mu manja a mkwati, monga mkwatibwi, anakonzekeretsa ndi woyera. mapewa ake yopapatiza kuti iye wapanga zinthu m'dziko si mphamvu.

zokwaniritsa chipinda

Zojambulidwa ndi wamalonda yachilendo, ankakhala lolemera zosafunikira kwenikweni Bruges. Iye anali kalilole, ndi chandelier, makalapeti Oriental. Khoma chapamwamba gawo pa zenera m'nyumba, ndi malalanje mtengo ali pa tebulo.

Komabe, kuchepera m'tawuni-zolochedwa chipinda Van Eyck ( "Arnolfini Chithunzicho"). M'malo kulamulidwa ndi bedi, mwachizolowezi mu kumpanda mzinda wonse. Nsaru anaukitsidwa pa tsiku la izo, ndipo anali alendo muchipinda chimodzi, atakhala pa bedi. Ndinagwa usiku, ndipo palibe "chipinda mu chipinda" - danga chatsekedwa.

mfundo m'chipinda chamkati

Kusewera m'katikati, galimoto Eyck akupereka iye monga chipinda ukwati. Limawonjezera kwambiri matanthauzo zobisika ndi fano yokhudza zinthu mu chipinda kupenta "The Chithunzicho Arnolfini". Zizindikiro za pa izo achuluka.

Mwachitsanzo, chizindikiro la Mulungu amaona zonse ndi galasi wozungulira umene umawalitsira ziwerengero zawanthu zosaoneka kwa wowerenga, koma mu chipinda.

Malalanje amene ali sill zenera ndi tebulo otsika, akunena angapite kumwamba. Kugwa apulo limaimira. Kukhulupirika amatanthauza galu pang'ono. Nsapato - chizindikiro cha chikondi ndi kudzipereke kwa mkazi pa. Kolona - chizindikiro cha kupembedza, ndi burashi ndi chizindikiro cha chiyero.

muni umodzi mu chandelier ndi, anayatsa masana, akuimirira pamaso lachinsinsi la mwambo Mzimu Woyera. Pa khoma kuwerenga mawu akuti, zomwe akufuna kutipatsa chithunzicho: "Jan van Eyck anali pano". Motero, iye anafotokoza kuti zimenezi mmisiri monga mboni pa zaka Dutch mwambo wa chitomero si mu mpingo ndi kunyumba.

chithunzi ichi ndi chitsimikizo zithunzi za ukwati. Komanso, tikhoza kunena kuti ndi satifiketi ukwati. Chifukwa siginecha pa khoma kutali limafotokoza pamaso pa mboni, amene amachita monga wojambula. cipangizo ici ndi oyamba mwa luso, yolembedwa ndi wolemba.

Mbali zina za chithunzi chachikazi

Mu chikondwerero, yapamwamba kavalidwe mkwatibwi atavala pa chinsalu cha. Only kuyambira cha m'ma 19 m'ma anakhala yapamwamba diresi loyera laukwati. m'mimba mwake adzakhale Ofufuza ena, chizindikiro cha mimba si. Iye, pamodzi ndi mawere yaing'ono, mkulu kuukoka, mayankho analipo pa nthawi (m'nyengo ya kumapeto Gothic) choimira lokongola.

Kuchuluka kwa nkhani amavalidwa mkazi uyu, komanso mu mzere ndi mafashoni ofala panthawiyo. Izi zikungofanana ndi mwambo manja, malinga ndi ofufuza za. Anafuna, malinga ndi maganizo ukwati ndi banja, kutanthauza chonde. Pambuyo penti "The Arnolfini Chithunzicho" linalembedwa ndi wojambula pa nthawi ya ukwati mabanja akuyimila izo. Komabe, udindo wa dzanja la mkaziyo pa lona walola kuti n'kutheka kuti pathupi, ngakhale kuti akhoza ankaganiza kuti kuchita zimenezi iye ananyamula mpendero wa diresi yake.

Ukwati wa dzanja lamanzere

N'zotheka kuti pa nkhani ya Arnolfini anafunika mgwirizano m'banja, chifukwa n'zoonekeratu kuti ndife ali m'chithunziyu ndi otchedwa "udindo wa dzanja lake lamanzere." Tikuona pa intaneti, mkwati agwira dzanja la mkwatibwi wake kumanzere osati kumanja, malinga ndi chakudya chofunika mwambo. Sikuti mabanja oterewa azilemekeza odetsedwa wosiyana chikhalidwe, ndi kuchita mpaka cha m'ma 19.

Female zambiri zinachitika ku kalasi m'munsi. Iye ayenera kusiya ufulu kulandira cholowa kwa ana awo ndiponso yawo. M'malo mwake iye analandira pambuyo pa imfa ya mwamuna wake kuchuluka. Mgwirizanowo ukwati, monga ulamuliro, anapereka mmawa zotsatirazi ukwati. Choncho, ukwati anayamba kuitana morganicheskim (ku German mawu "morgen" kutanthauza "m'mawa").