The ndiwofatsa Party a Great Britain: malingaliro, atsogoleri

United Kingdom makamaka dziko ndi ndiwofatsa, dongosolo la ndale, akuchita uko, kwenikweni, chikhalidwe ndale ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi maiko ena. N'chifukwa chake yaikulu ya zipani chitsutso - ndi ndiwofatsa Party a Great Britain. Chiyambi cha kubadwa kwa iye ali m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, ndipo ntchito kwambiri kutchulidwa anawonetseredwa mu 1997, pamene chipani nalo dzina lake pano - "Tories".

Features

Kuyambira pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa British ndiwofatsa Party kumbuyo zofuna za anthu apamwamba ndi bourgeoisie, onse chuma ndi malonda, amene pang'onopang'ono anatuluka m'ndende ya Osaumira Party. The osafuna kusintha ngakhale ndi mwayi nthawi kupanga boma pa awo, chipani ichi anali wotchuka. Kwa zaka zambiri, ndi ndiwofatsa Party a Great Britain anali kudutsa ndi kupambana. Pali anasandutsa mfundo pamene iwo anapambana wosatha adani ndale - Osaumira Party. Mwachitsanzo, pamene (Margaret Thatcher) anasiya Margaret Tetcher mfundo za boma, ndi osafuna kusintha anali oipa kwambiri. Iwo anataya malo ouma tawina ku boma ndipo pafupifupi onse thandizo oponya voti.

Margaret Thatcher

Izi ndi mtsogoleri kwambiri wachikoka wa ndiwofatsa Party a Great Britain, osati chabe, iye anali kupereka mutu wa "Iron Lady". Pa nthawi kuchoka anayamba nthawi ya kuchepa, ndi mavoti gulu likunena anapita, unit zovuta kusintha, nthawi zambiri atsogoleri anavutika anasintha. Ofanana mphamvu ya maganizo a ndale Margaret Thatcher anachita kupeza zinali pafupi zosatheka. The ndiwofatsa Party anali ikuchepa.

moyo watsopano kwa iye anabwera pamene kumutu anakhala David Cameron, kusintha osati mamembala chipani, amene akhala penapake wamng'ono koma ngakhale ophiphiritsa. Green mtengo - khalidwe chachikulu - watsopano malangizo blyudot zachilengedwe United Kingdom. Blue ndi wobiriwira - izi ndi mitundu boma wasankhidwa kuti ndiwofatsa Party a Great Britain.

pulogalamu

The chiphiphiritso chachikulu - zosiyanasiyana ofanana. 2010 chisankho anatsimikiza pulogalamu lino la mphamvu. Cholowa cha nawo akazi, kumakhala osati mitundu, komanso ing'onoing'ono ena. Chisankho cha meya watsopano wa London ku dera Muslim ndi bwino kwambiri khalidwe ntchitoyi.

Sanaiwale, ndi kusintha kwa nkhani zachuma a United Kingdom, pali kulimbana kwa kusokonekera za bajeti, yafupika ndalama ndondomeko, njira zajambulidwa rationality ya ndalama zonse bajeti. Anthu a dziko pang'onopang'ono ndikuzolowera amenewa kugawikana kwa mphamvu dongosolo, kotero zionetsero anafotokoza bwino kwambiri, makamaka, anthu monga maziko awa ndale.

miyambo

The ndiwofatsa Party a Great Britain Komabe, mwamwambo otchuka pakati zigawo olemera a anthu ndi apamwamba, tithe ake anapanga kwa mamembala a asilikali apamwamba, atsogoleri, akuluakulu olemera kwambiri ndi akuluakulu. Iwo osafuna kusintha ulembedwe ndi kusiyana kunja kwa ena anthu British - choletsa ichi, okhwima analeredwa ndipo ngakhale khalidwe pang'ono.

Osafuna kusintha si zofunika mangawa dongosolo nkhani mapangidwe mtsogoleri osiyana kwathunthu m'dera amazindikira kuti ngakhale msonkhano chipani pachaka ali ndi ufulu kusamvera. Wodzilamulira ali kale kusiyana kayendedwe osafuna kusintha pamaso pa magulu ena phwando. chisankho Parliamentary komanso kudziwa njira ya dziko kwa zaka zisanu ndi boma. Pali magulu awiri waukulu zandale, mphamvu, ndi mosiyanasiyana bwino kumenyana olekerera ndi osafuna kusintha.

nkhani

Kukonza Nyumba ya Malamulo 1832 anapereka kutsogolera kwa zikamera wa ang'ono, mabungwe wamba amadzitcha okha Tories ndi osafuna kusintha, monga kusintha izo kwambiri ankadana. Kenako mu 1867-m, iwo anali ogwirizana monga Union National. Woyamba mtsogoleri yofunika kwambiri osafuna kusintha anakhala Benjamin Disraeli, yemwe anapatsidwa Tory phwando 1846, ndipo anakhala wabwino Nduna (1868 ndipo 1874-1880 zaka). The ndiwofatsa Party a Great Britain, zomwe pulogalamu kale anakonza okha lolemera osankhika, anasintha pang'onopang'ono. Kuyambira 1870s, ndi anakopeka mbali yaikulu ya chisankho cha adani ake. Olekerera ndi osafuna kusintha kale mwachangu anatsutsa yolimbirana mphamvu.

Kwambiri zaka mazana makumi awiri zinachitika mu ulamuliro wa ndiwofatsa Party, zomwe Sizingawathandize Labor kapena olekerera sanapereke akuluakulu akuti kuposa wina. Pafupifupi zaka makumi atatu kwa 1915, ndi osafuna kusintha anapanga boma lokha (1924 yekha ndi 1929 anali nazonso), kapena ankapereka Mgwirizano ndi Labor Party kupanga boma. dzina lonse la chipani ndipo zikumveka ngati mtundu wina wa kucheza: wa ndiwofatsa komanso unionist phwando. Nthawi unawonongedwa komanso zinali zodzaza osati ulamuliro wa osafuna kusintha. Only akunde pa visola aphungu cha 1997, 2001 ndi 2005 akhaapatisa kupita kutsutsidwa.

zikayenda

Kuchepetsa ndalama mapulogalamu ena chikhalidwe ndi boma chikoka pa njira zachuma, mlandu wa ndalama kwa ndalama za boma, ratovanie chifukwa kutsatira chikhalidwe banja ndi Kukwezeleza amalonda payekha kanthu - zonsezi, monga mfundo zazikulu za pulogalamu gulu osafuna kusintha anapanga otchuka pakati oponya voti. adzangokhalamo mphamvu anathandiza dziko kuti iyende mkulu kuwonjezeka mlingo wa kukula kwa chuma, kuchepetsa kufufuma, kukula kwa ndalama malonda payekha. angapo makampani boma akumeneko anakumana wamba.

Popeza 2005, pamene Cameron lamanja-phiko chipani bwino dziko ndi zambiri wofuna, kukuza ntchito m'munda ndi kuchuluka chikoka osafuna kusintha mu muzochitika zones za moyo boma ndi ndale. UK yamalamulo pambuyo pa chisankho cha 2010, ikugwirira mazana atatu ndi asanu Commons anaikizidwa ndiwofatsa Party, amene anali anakuvoterani adzaponye chisanko pafupifupi mamiliyoni khumi. Ndiye Cameron anapanga mgwirizano ndi Osaumira Democratic Party kupanga boma. Mu 2015, osafuna kusintha onse anangokhala ndi ambiri - mipando mazana atatu ndi awiri aphungu.

mapulani latsopano

Ena mwa malonjezano latsopano osafuna kusintha chisankho omaliza UK yamalamulo zagonjetsedwa kwa kutsutsa nkhanza. Mwachitsanzo, referendum, lomwe chipani akufuna kugwira pa kuchoka m'dziko ku European Union, komanso wamakono wa chitetezo nyukiliya. Komabe, ku uchimo ndi nkhani zina zofunika, amene malinga ndi nthawi: ndi kuchepekedwa bajeti, chimene chimafuna kuchepetsa msonkho, kuwonjezera pa pamwamba ndi mpiringidzo chachikulu, kupezeka kwa nyumba, makonzedwe a pensioners ndi zambiri.

Apanso, kondwerani mwambo kuyambira chitukuko cha chiphunzitso cha chipani Chamberlain, amene akufuna lingaliro la miyambo mgwirizano, anayambitsa protectionism, omwe amakakamizidwa kuchoka pa dziko la okhawo ndi makampani padziko lonse, zakulitsa mpikisano (makamaka Germany). Kuyesa kukondweretsa Nazi olusa pa nthawi imene inachititsa kuti nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko II World. Kodi n'chiyani chidzachitikire nthawi ino - si bwino kwambiri, koma dziko lonse pambuyo mawu posachedwapa osafuna kusintha pang'ono mantha, osati Britain. Osafuna kusintha mu chaka cha forte, anapeza ndi asankha Churchill, amene walunjika boma ndipo anathandiza kugonjetsedwa Nazism. Kaya ngati chikuperekedwa chithunzi lerolino? Imangokhala yokha chiyembekezo. Makamaka tikaganizira kuti Churchill kenako chinachitika musanyalanyaze mpaka kalekale.

atsogoleri amayiko

Mu March 1946, Churchill chomwecho, mnzake inanyamuka wa USSR pa Nkhondo Yaikulu, anapanga kulankhula pa American Fulton, amene akufuna mgwirizano wa mphamvu zonse capitalist kwa bloc odana Soviet. Kwa kanthawi, ngakhale osafuna kusintha watwya mphamvu. Koma mu 1951 anabwera nakhala mphamvu kwa zaka khumi ndi zitatu. Mu 1955, Churchill anakwanitsa Edeni - mnzake ndi mnzake wa zaka zambiri. Komabe, mavuto Suez , iye analephera ndipo anakakamizika kusiya mwamsanga 1957.

Komanso, osafuna kusintha zinachititsa kuti utsogoleri MacMillan ndi Douglas-Home, koma mfundo pagulu, analephera, koma mu 1970 E. Heath, mutu wa chipani kuyambira 1965, amakuonani UK zawo boma. Iye anatha chachikulu: ndi inalowa ku Market Common, ndi kuphatikiza poto-European. Pakuti izi, ndi njira, mkati chipani anali atadzudzulidwa kwambiri, ndi chipani yokha maganizo kwambiri anthu ake: British sindimakonda kusintha kapena consolidations. Choncho, kutsatira yosiya wa Heath anakhala mtsogoleri wa "chitsulo" Margaret Thatcher, amene osati nakhalanso ntchito chipani, komanso kwambiri anakhudza chitukuko cha chuma British.

kugonjetsedwa

Pambuyo Churchill, Margaret Thatcher anali mtsogoleri wamphamvu mwa akapolo anzawo akale onse. Apa ndiye anayamba wamba a Boma lonse la makampani boma akhala pafupifupi mwathunthu mosavuta mwa mabungwe, ndi osafuna kusintha anapambana chisankho molimba mtima ndi malire yaikulu. Mu 1990, Major mu malo ake sakanakhoza kuthamanga dziko komanso, chifukwa mu 1992, osafuna kusintha anayamba kutaya kutchuka kwake. Mu 1997, chisankho chopweteka kugonjetsedwa, pamene Labour Party anatenga mipando 418 mu yamalamulo, pamene osafuna kusintha 165 okha.

pulogalamu ndiwofatsa Party anafunika kusintha kwambiri, n'zimene zinachitikira. Atsogolereni kuti rejuvenate kachiwiri, pulogalamu ankawoneka ngati owolowa manja a. Izo sizinali mpaka 2005, pamene Cameron anakhala mtsogoleri, koma kwa ufulu wa nthawi akadali sanabwere: kanthu zinachitika mu mgwirizano ndi olekerera kwa.

magulu

Osafuna kusintha - mtundu umodzi. Maziko a conservatism ndi umodzi chikhalidwe ndi mabungwe wamba kukhala ogwirizana mu magulu okhudzidwa ndi makalasi. Mu lingaliro ili, sizinali mpaka zaposachedwapa a mitundu ndi zipembedzo zosiyanasiyana. Mwangwiro anthu anga, nzika za dziko lawo, ndi mizu, kupatsira mwambo ku mibadwomibadwo. Tsopano mgwirizano ndi kwambiri anawonjezera chifukwa osafuna kusintha ndi mbali zambiri European Union ndi kukhalapo mu izo wa Great Britain.

Koma osachepera mwa osafuna kusintha ndi otsutsa boma la zochitika. Motero, gulu loyamba la mamembala a ndiwofatsa Party - "Nation wina" ndi odziwika kanjedza ndale Tepselem, Clark, Rifkind, ndi ena. ndale kwakukulu ndi zilizonse kukokoloka Pawokha national iwo sanatero pafupi. Ndipo nthawi chofunika kulolerana! Monga zokonda US andale ndi ena onse a ku Ulaya, kuti kulolerana zosiyana n'kofunika kwambiri.

ufulu msika phiko

Izi kagulu kamene otsatira Margaret Tetcher, ndi osafuna kusintha ndi liberalist kukondera. Kwa nthawi yaitali iwo chogwidwa chiwerengero cha mamembala chipani - nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa chisankho cha Margaret Thatcher mu 1975, zonse kuchepetsa ntchito boma mu vuto la zachuma, kuchepetsa mlingo mbali zake m'magulu onse a makampani, potero wotseka linakhalapo monga chikhalidwe.

Society amakhala Azikhala Mofanana, inali ntchito yaikulu ya gulu landale, otchedwa Thatcherism. Mwa atsogoleri a phiko imeneyi eurosceptics ambiri, amene ali ndi malamulo a alowererepo pa msika free, chifukwa amaona kuti ndi loopsa kwa ulamuliro British. Reagan Thatcher wofunika kwambiri chopereka kwa ndale za dziko. The United States ngakhale pa dzanja la liberalism zachuma amene mfundo zake woyamba anayamba basi mu United States.

traditionalists

Izi magulu mu ndiwofatsa Party mosavuta amati ndi bwino kwambiri; chikhulupiriro, banja, mbendera - izi ndi waukulu chikhalidwe mabungwe amene otsatira traditionalism anatenga mapewa. Anglicanism, boma la banja. Cholowa zimatsutsana ndi kutengerapo aliyense mphamvu dziko, ngakhale ndi European Union.

Komanso, amalimbikitsa gulu limeneli motsutsana kuwonjezeka m'dziko, ovomereza moyo ndi kutsatira chikhalidwe banja, makamaka iwo amati ukwati kuvomerezedwa, amene ngakhale muli phindu msonkho. Amagwira ntchito osachepera mu dera zachuma, nthawi zambiri akuyesera kuthetsa nkhani miyambo, chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe.