Anarcho-bizinesi: tanthauzo, malingaliro, zizindikiro

"Poipa Zedi" - mawu amene m'maganizo mwa anthu ambiri n'chimodzimodzi ndi lingaliro la "chisokonezeko", "chisokonezo." Komabe, mu Chaanthu ndi sayansi ndale, mawu ali ndi tanthauzo losiyana. M'nkhaniyi tiona tione pa chiphunzitso cha, magwero ziphunzitso zoyambirira ndi malangizo a anarchism. Tikatha kupenda mwatsatanetsatane umenewu monga anarcho-bizinesi. Kodi chofunikira ake ndi mosiyana zina anarchism? Tidzayensa tikupeza, kenako m'nkhani ino.

maganizo

Anarchism - ndi umoyo ndale umoyo ndi zachuma chiphunzitso, zomwe negates kufunika kuli boma. Zofuna za anthu wamba ang'ono ndi mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono amatsutsidwa zinthu za mabungwe akuluakulu.

Pali nthano zimene anarchism - ndi imodzi mwa zochita lamadyerero. Iye unakhazikitsidwa m'mitima yathu pambuyo utasintha ndi Civil nkhondo: a olimbikira angakuthandizeni wa Bolsheviks pa dera la Ukraine ano kalekale n'ngopandukira Nestora Mahno.

Komabe, izi ndi zolakwika kwambiri. Anarchism, ndipo makamaka a mapeto ake - anarcho-bizinesi - M'malo mwake, amakana chilengedwe a mabungwe akuluakulu onse. Socialism - monga gawo kuyambirira wa chikominisi - ngakhale ikukhudza chilengedwe umodzi anthu chilungamo ndi ofanana, koma udindo waukulu wa boma lomwe mutu ndi ayenera kukhala "anthu olungama." - pa Bolsheviks, ndi Socialist-boma, proletarians, etc. Ndipotu azimuth uyu nayenso anaitana chilengedwe cha mabungwe yekha, mosiyana ndi bizinesi, ndi mwini yekhayo - boma.

Maziko nthanthi ya anarchism ndi anthu azikhala, subjectivism ndi voluntarism.

mayendedwe

Pakali pano, pali madera awiri akuluakulu a anarchism:

1. Individualist anarchism.
2. Anarcho-sosholisimu.

Osamva, izo mwamtheradi awiri mbali zosiyana. Iwo ndi ogwirizana imodzi yokha - lingaliro kusiya boma. malingaliro ena onse umasemphana kotheratu. Anarcho-sosholisimu, kani, amatanthauza akazitumiza kumanzere, pamodzi ndi chikominisi, sosholisimu ndi zina anarcho-anthu azikhala -. M'malo mwake, ndi njira yoyenera. mfundo zake anayamba Max Stirner, Genri Devid, Murray Rothbard ndi ena. mayunitsi onsewa anagawa ku mitsinje osiyana, omwe ali maganizo ake pa anthu kapena njira zina.

Malangizo waukulu wa anthu azikhala

Individualist anarchism lagawidwa mbali zotsatirazi:

1. Anarcho-bizinesi. Sitidzagona mwatsatanetsatane utoto wake, monga malowa adzakhala wodzipereka kwa ambiri a nkhani yathu.
2. Anarcho-feminism. gululi linayamba mu United States pa chiyambi cha XX atumwi. A nthumwi otchuka zikhoza kuonedwa kuti Emma Goldman - "Red Emma". Mkazi uyu anasamukira ku Russia pamaso zitasintha, ndipo anakakhala ku United States. Anarcho-feminists komanso ankatsutsa boma pochitira chimamangidwa mfundo kale maziko a banja, maphunziro ndi maudindo. Emma Goldman akanatero lero anali kumbuyo odzipereka ufulu wa anthu, umene apitiriza nkhondo kufanana akazi, ufulu wa ing'onoing'ono kugonana, etc. Ukwati, iye anaganiza, -. Izi alipidwa mgwirizano zachuma pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Ndi maganizo amenewa ndipo idagwa pa misa chikumbumtima mwa mau, mabuku kusindikiza zaka zana zapitazo, pamene anthu Western anakhalabe achipembedzo ake ndi traditionalism.
3. Green anarchism - chimauza vuto la zoteteza chilengedwe.
4. Anarcho-primitivism - kufuulira kusiya zina zamakono, amene maganizo awo, kungangokulitsa anthu amene ali ndi mphamvu ndi opareshoni. Ndipo ena.

Malangizo yaikulu ya anarcho-sosholisimu

Anarcho-sosholisimu - khalidwe lomwe imene imafuna kukamenyana mtundu uliwonse yokumba, chuma payekha monga chimachititsa stratification chikhalidwe (stratification) a anthu mu olemera ndi osauka. Zimenezi zinali mu malingaliro a anarchist Nestor Makhno pa ulimi ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Malangizo osiyana Bolshevism chakale kokha chifukwa chakuti yotsirizira akuitana kwa ulamuliro wa proletariat ndi, mwachitsanzo. E. Chilengedwe enieni a kalasi wina. Anarcho-zokomera onse, ndi pa zonse amakana kuli kalasi iliyonse chigamulo kapena Yofuna Ufulu Wodzilamulira. m'madera chachikulu:

1. Kudalirana (myutyualizm). Bukuli lili ndi mfundo thandizo mgwirizano, ufulu, zaufulu mgwirizano. Woyambitsa wa atengera mukukhulupirira Pierre Zhozefa Prudona, amene ntchito anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma XVIII asanakhale potsiriza anapanga mafunde anarchist.
2. Anarcho-chikominisi. Othandiza gulu limeneli ankakhulupirira kuti kufunika kulenga lodzilamulira kulankhula, umene uyenera bungwe mu ntchito gulu la njira ya ulimi.
3. Collectivist anarchism kapena kwakukulu collectivism. Othandiza gulu limeneli kuti akaitane kupasula njira chosintha. Mosiyana mumaganiza yapita, anarcho-collectivists ndikuganiza kuti aliyense amadzimva ayenera kulandira malipiro chilungamo zochokera nyota awo. Banal "kukhazikika", mu maganizo awo, idzatsogolera ku misa ya majeremusi amene "majeremusi" adzagwiritsa ntchito pa ntchito ena.
4. Anarcho-syndicalism. COMPASS kayendedwe ntchito. anthu ake amakonda kusiya dongosolo la malipiro ntchito ndi chuma payekha. Njira yopanga iwo kuona chifukwa cha kugawikana kwa anthu mu eni antchito. Ndipo ena.

Mwatsoka, nkhani ina n'zovuta mwachidule kupereka kusiyana waukulu pakati malangizo a anarchism. Komabe, mawu ochepa tikhoza kunena kuti anarcho-bizinesi - ndi tanthauzo losiyana anarcho-sosholisimu. Last kwathunthu ikukana malingaliro katundu aliyense payekha, bizinesi, ntchito aganyo. Choyamba, m'malo mwake, analandira ziphunzitso zimenezi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za izo akambirana nthawi ina nkhaniyi.

Magwero a anarcho-bizinesi

Anarcho-capitalist malangizo umatchedwanso "libertarian anarchism". Kwa nthawi yoyamba mawu amenewa anayamba ndi Murray Rothbard. Zikamera wa kukuchititsa zimenezi kunayamba zaka zao za sikisite za m'ma XX mu United States. Ngakhale maziko ake ongolankhula mizu mwa cha m'ma XIX, ntchito ya theorists msika, mmodzi amene anali Gustave de A Molinari.

lingaliro

Market anarchism - amatchedwanso anarcho-bizinesi - zochokera kukhulupirira ufulu chuma katundu payekha. Iye yotsutsa boma monga bungwe la mphamvu, chifukwa zina mothandizidwa ndi msika mpikisano. Pa nthawi, wotchuka wokonzanso - Yegor Gaidar - anati, "msika adzaika chirichonse mu malo ake." Ngakhale nduna yaikulu Russian ndipo sanali nkhoswe nzeru za izi, koma kuti sentensi inachokera imodzi mwa mfundo msika anarchism. Mwalawapangodya kuika maganizo ubale msika free, womangidwa pa maziko kwawo. Ndi mfundo imeneyi ndi kutumikira kukhazikitsidwa kwa anthu khola, limene palokha akhoza kukonza lamulo, kulenga malamulo awo chimango, chitetezo ndi zomangamanga zofunika, bungwe kudzera mpikisano malonda.

zolinga

Sam Murray Rothbard anazindikira kuti boma -. Izo, mwa mawu amakono, bungwe gulu chigawenga kuti chinkhoswe mu kwenikweni zikatichitikira kudzera msonkho, zolipira, ntchito, ziphatso, etc. Pafupifupi zonse mwamakono maboma capitalist akhala stooges wa magnates lalikulu ndalama. Bizinesi, malinga theorist - ndi predominance eni kakang'ono, ndipo lero tikuona kuti mabizinesi ang'onoang'ono padziko lonse sakukhulupiriranso njira zake m'magulu onse a zachuma. M'malo zikwi amalonda yaing'ono, tikulalikira ndi mogul lalikulu chimene chimafika kukopa kwake pa mayiko ambiri.

Choncho, libertarianism zamakono anarchism ndi zolinga zofanana ndi zokomera ndi chikominisi mfundo - iwo amati kuphwanya dongosolo alipo, limene kusanduka mu dziko.

Maganizo kuti tsogolo chikhalidwe

Ku mbali iyi nthanthi ofufuza ambiri mwa chuma, asayansi ndale ndi akatswiri. Ngakhale Socialists ndi wa Chikomyunizimu ndi malingaliro a "tsogolo lowala", "kufanana chikhalidwe", "ufulu", "abale" musamatchule kusiya boma ngati yang'anira ubale chikhalidwe. Koma theorist waukulu anarcho-bizinesi - Murray Rothbard - M'malo mwake, analimbikitsa kwathunthu kuisiya. Nanga ayenera ntchito ndi anthu capitalist imene chuma payekha ndi opatulika ayenera kutetezedwa? Kuti tichite zimenezi, kulenga nyumba chitetezo payekha, amene ayenera ntchito tsiku ndi mpikisano. Sayenera ndalama kwa misonkho, ndi ku maziko payekha. ntchito Personal ndi chuma zizikhala zogwirizana ndi malamulo a chilengedwe, msika ndi thandizo la chilamulo payekha. Society, mogwirizana ndi theorists wa malangizo nzeru zaumunthu, intuitively kumvetsetsa mmene muyenera moyo posachedwapa. Anthu adzakupatsani ambiri ya milandu, monga boma ndi muzu wa ntchito yawo.

Kodi n'zotheka kukhazikitsa maganizo a libertarianism?

Anthu ambiri amaganiza lingaliro la mtheradi libertarian enaake. Pamene iwo amapereka chakuti chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi kuti n'zosatheka kuthetseratu makhalidwe oipa a anthu monga nsanje, kupsa mtima, kuperekedwa, chilakolako amapezerapo mwayi pa ntchito ena, kufuna kulanda dziko la wina ndi chuma, ndi ena kukumbukira mayeso maganizo kuti mtsutso waukulu :. "Ngati golosale mudzaona, mankhwala palibe amene amateteza zomwe mumachita? ". Yankho lolondola adzakhala amene amapereka mankhwala m'sitolo kuba. mayankho ena amaona kuti ndi zamaganizo mwachinyengo, wobisa tanthauzo lenileni la nkhaniyo. E. Inu simungathe kusintha umunthu, kotero iye yekha popanda thandizo la mphamvu kunja yang'anira, si kuphunzira moyo "Chabwino." malingaliro onse amene apangidwa kusintha umunthu mwa chilengedwe cha zinthu osiyana siyana, amaonedwa kukhala zosatheka. Choncho, anarchism msika ayenera kutengedwa ngati amenewa. Komabe, ena amakhulupirira kuti libertarianism akhoza akuyendera. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, pali zinthu zina chidzachitidwa. Iwo amalankhula za more pansipa.

The zinthu ndikukhazikitsa lingaliro la anarchism msika

Choncho, maganizo a Murray Rothbard anazindikira, muzichita zinthu izi:

1. Ulamuliro chikhalidwe mphamvu. Mmadera kumene chirichonse kuwagula ndi kuwagulitsa, n'zovuta kuphunzitsa munthu mu mzimu wa "choncho simungathe", "si bwino", etc. Today, tikuona kuti ana a multimillionaires kuphwanya malamulo onse: .. Iwo alibe kulemekeza malire liwiro m'misewu, n'zotheka chipongwe oimira lamulo, kulankhula monyansidwa cha dziko limene akukhala, etc. "wamba" nzika khalidwe akhoza sadzakhululukidwa :. iwo amakhala kulandira chilango chachikulu kwambiri. Omwe mtengo wa mwambo ndi ufulu akanagonjetsa ndalama zovuta, n'zotheka kuti amange anthu abwino.
2. Chilengedwe cha mabungwe. Ngati boma sapezeka, ntchito yake ayenera kukwaniritsa mabungwe ena okhudzidwa. Iwo ayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu ndi ulamuliro sakanavomereza zopanda ntchito. The chikhalidwe chachikulu - payenera kukhala wina, kapena m'malo mtundu umodzi wa boma, timapeza wina: ulidi, mtundu, bizinesi zakutchire ndi ena.
3. Wonse dongosolo la makhalidwe abwino. Libertarianstskaya dongosolo adzakhala liziyenda pokhapokha ngati anthu onse a anthu kutsatira maganizo a anarcho-bizinesi. Pamene inu muwona ambiri a anthu amene amanyalanyaza mfundo ndi mabungwe a mphamvu yake, dongosolo adzaswa pansi msanga.

Ikuimira anarcho-bizinesi

Tinalalikira chiphunzitso cha libertarianism. Kunena pang'ono za ophiphiritsa a. Mbendera anarcho- bizinesi ankaona mbendera wakuda ndi wachikasu. Black mtundu - chizindikiro mwambo wa anarchism. Yellow - amaimira golide, sing'anga kuwombola mu msika popanda boma. Black ndi chikasu mbendera opezeka mu embodiments zosiyanasiyana. Palibe dongosolo okhwima maluwa. Nthawi zina lili ndi zithunzi zosiyana: korona, chizindikiro dollar, ndi ena.

Anarcho-bizinesi ku Russia

Mu dziko lathu anthu ochepa amene ali ndi malingaliro msika anarchism. Tili, ngati titsatira anarchism, ndi makamaka kumbali ya anarcho-syndicalism, amene analenga subcultures osiyanasiyana a achinyamata. Akatswiri amanena kuti neoanarhisty ano, monga ulamuliro, sindikumvetsa malingaliro yaikulu ya anarcho-syndicalism, iwo ntchito kokha zizindikiro - ofiira ndi wakuda mbendera. Pa zochitika zonse zokhudza iwo phokoso, kawirikawiri yekha odana lopondereza mawu.

Cholinga neoanarhizma ku Russia

Modern neoanarhichesky Zionetsero mu Russia mwina yekha sanali olimbanawo mfundo panja kanthu, osamvera mphamvu. atsogoleri awo amakhulupirira kuti cholinga cha kayendedwe - nkhondo yolimbana fascism, komanso zimayambitsa ake - bizinesi, amene amalenga lochitira chikhalidwe ndi kusamuka maonekedwe.