Pulezidenti Colombia (Juan Manuel Santos) - wopambana wa 2016 Nobel Peace Prize

Mu 2016, Pulezidenti wa Colombia mphoto lonse. Ichi chinali chifukwa ntchito yake kutha kwa nkhondo ya pachiweniweni m'dzikolo, umene unatha zaka zoposa makumi asanu. Nobel Peace Prize analengeza mu kugwa.

General zokhudza dziko

dziko ili mu South America, mu gawo kumpoto-kumadzulo. Amadziwika kuti anthu oyambirira ankakhala m'dziko mu chakhumi ndi chisanu m'ma BC. Awa anali mafuko a mlenje-okolola.

Pa chiyambi cha nthawi yathu ino Indians anakhalapo kuno. Kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi anayamba kulamulira m'dzikoli ndi Spain. Atsamunda nthawi chinakhalapo mpaka 1818, pamene Simoni Bolivar analengeza ufulu wa Great Colombia.

Boma unakhazikitsidwa pansi pa dzina la Chatsopano Granada. Izo zinakhala mpaka 1886, pamene Pulezidenti Colombia Rafael Moledo osati anasaina malamulo. Chikalatachi anakonza kasamalidwe centralized ndi dziko anadzatchedwa dziko la Colombia.

State zamakono

Lero dziko amatchedwa Republic of Colombia. Iwo limatchedwa "Yolowera America South" chifukwa cha gombe lake kusamba ndi Pacific Ocean ndi Nyanja Caribbean. Likulu la Bogota. Kuli anthu oposa khumi, kuphatikizapo pulezidenti wa Colombia.

Kuyambira 1964 dziko pali nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Pakhala magulu ambiri ankhondo amene anamenya nkhondo ndi akuluakulu boma maganizo awo. Today, gawo la asilikali anali unatha, koma pali anthu amene ali pakati pa nkhondo.

Andale

Mutu wa boma, komanso boma, ndi pulezidenti wa Colombia. Iye anasankhidwa kwa zaka zinayi, zongowonjezwdwa kwa akuti chachiwiri.

Boma imakhala yamalamulo bicameral (Congress):

• Senate - tichipeza senators 102 wosankhidwa kwa zaka zinayi.
• Nyumba ya oimira - zikuphatikizapo 166 ziwanga, anthu osankhidwa iwo kwa zaka zinayi.

Pulezidenti wa Republic

Asanabwere ake boma imalamulira ndi kuchuluka kwa atsogoleri. Atsogoleri a Colombia (mndandanda ndizo nthumwi zoposa makumi asanu) Kawirikawiri kulamulidwa ndi mawu angapo, koma osati mu mzere, koma patapita nthawi.

Mndandanda wa Pulezidenti wa ataima mutu wa boma kangapo:

• Rafael Núñez.
• Miguel Antonio.
• Rafael Reyes Prieto.
• Alfonso Lopez Pumarejo.
• Gustavo Rojas Pinilla.
• Alberto Camargo.
• Guillermo Leon Valencia.
• Misael Pastrana Borrero.
• Alfonso Lopez Michelsen.
• Julio Cesar Ayala.
• Ernesto Samper.
• Juan Manuel Santos.

Amene anali pulezidenti woyamba wa Colombia? Kuwerengetsera kuyambira kwa mawu a Republic pulezidenti anagwirizira Rafael Núñez. Izi ndi ndiwofatsa wandale, mtolankhani, loya komanso wolemba. Iye amadziwika kuti woyambitsa mawu kwa fuko la Colombia.

Nunez anabadwa 25.09.1825 chaka Colombia. Iye anali chigawo woweruza Panama, mu 1848, anakhazikitsa nyuzipepala wake ndi kuchita zinthu zandale. Iye akupatsa zosiyanasiyana maudindo ndi nsanamira, anali mtumiki zachuma, nthumwi, kazembe ku Liverpool.

Nunez nawo nkhondo chisankho mu 1878, koma sangapambane. anatenga utsogoleri mu 1880. Inali nthawi khofi wake unali waukulu katundu zinthu za dziko, kuchotsa fodya, umene ulibe kutchuka kwake ku Ulaya chifukwa khalidwe osauka.

Kachiwiri Rodrigo Moledo anakhala pulezidenti 1884. Zinali iye amene analemba nkhani zingapo kuti anali pachibale ndi kusintha kwa malamulo. Atatha mpando ndi mavoti maulendo awiri: mu 1887 ndi 1892. Nunez anafa 09.18.1894 chaka.

Today Pulezidenti wa State

Juan Manuel Santos anabadwa 10.08.1951 chaka Bogota. m'banja lake ndale kuposa mbadwo umodzi. Ndiyeno m'bale agogo anga anali pa mutu wa Colombia mu zoyambirira za mazana makumi awiri. Iye Edward Santos, anakhazikitsa ndipo anakhala mkonzi wa nyuzipepala yotchuka. Msuweni anatumikira monga prezidenti pansi Uribe.

Juan Manuel Santos anaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Kansas ndi mu 1973 anakhala Bachelor ya Economics. Patapita zaka ziwiri iye anali kupereka digiri katswiri pa Sukulu ya London la Economics. Mu 1981 anamaliza digiri mbuye mu boma Kennedy School, amene ankagwira ntchito ku University Harvard.

Santos, pakuti moyo wake wakhala m'banja kawiri. mnzake poyamba anali wotsogolera ndi presenter TV Sylvia Amaya Londoño. Iwo ankakhala moyo palimodzi kuchokera 1987 mpaka 1989. Chisankho chachiwiri mafakitale mlengi Maria Rodriguez Muner. M'banja Iwo anali ndi ana awiri (Martin ndi Esteban) ndi wamkazi Maria Antonia.

ntchito Political:

• Mtumiki wa Trade okhonda;
• Mtumiki wa Finance;
• Kumenyana Minister.

Kuyambira chaka cha 2010, Santos anayamba nkhondo yake kwa pulezidenti, kukhala Pulezidenti. Mu wozungulira loyamba la mdani wakeyo chachikulu chinali Antanas Mockus. Kupambana, Santos analibe peresenti anayi voti - analandira 46,5%. Mu kubwera kwachiwiri, 69,06% omwe adzaponye chisanko anakuvoterani pulezidenti pano.

Mu 2014 iye anali pa mpando ndi mavoti kwa akuti chachiwiri. Iye adzaima pa mutu wa boma mpaka 2018.

Mu 2016, pulezidenti akhoza kuletsa nkhondo yapachiweniweni, umene unatha kuyambira mu 1991. Iye zinasaina pangano mtendere ndi waukulu zigawenga gulu. Koma ambiri amakhulupirira dziko ndi Kusakhazikika kwambiri. Zingati adzakhala, palibe amene akudziwa.

Pulezidenti anali kupereka mokulirapo pasadakhale. Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti adzachita zonse zotheka kuti asunge mtendere dziko.