Chipani kutsutsidwa. zipani za Russia. Boma komanso kutsutsidwa

Kuyambira kukambirana za boma ndi chitsutso, n'kosatheka kukumbukira mawu wa Mikhail Bulgakov: "Mphamvu zonse ndi nkhanza anthu, ndipo nthawi idzafika pamene palibe mphamvu kapena Kaisara, kapena mphamvu zina zapadera. Munthu akulowa ufumu wa choonadi ndi chilungamo, kumene sikudzakhala kofunikira mphamvu ... "(" Mphunzitsi ndi Margarita ").

Mphamvu ndi mawonetseredwe ake

Kodi n'zotheka kuti kuli State wopanda mphamvu? Nkomwe. Mu anthu, mphamvu yaikidwa pa mlingo chikumbumtima. Ena amafunitsitsa kulamulira akuwapondereza, pamene ena simungathe kulingalira moyo wawo popanda malangizo kuchokera kumwamba. Freud kusamalira limatiphunzitsa mphamvu monga chilakolako kuzindikira libido zawo, ndi molingana ndi mfundo Adler, ndi kukhala ndi mphamvu ndi wina kuposa malipiro wotsika yake zovuta. mphamvu ndi chiyani? Mfundo imeneyi ndi chimafotokozera luso kupezerera (kuyang'anira), pozindikira zofuna zawo kapena pagulu. Akhoza lizilamuliridwa pa msinkhu wa munthu, ndipo pa mlingo wa boma kapena padziko lonse, kaya zofuna za chimayendera. Mphamvu - ndi chida limene munthu kapena gulu la anthu ogwirizana ndi zambiri kapena zochepa zinthu limodzi ofanana ndi kufuna zolinga zofanana (zipani zandale ndi kayendedwe) maganizo padziko yokha mphamvu ndi chuma, amene amathandiza kuti zolinga, kupondereza zofuna za ena ngakhale mu nkhope ngati kotero mukufuna, azikuuzani zinthu zawo ndi kulamulira ndondomeko ndi njira kwa kufalitsa zofunika kwambiri ndipo lili patalipatali chuma, masoka ndi makhalidwe. mphamvu za ndale kumatanthauza kukhala ndi zolinga phindu la gulu la anthu kuti mphamvu kumvera. Nthawi zambiri ali pakati umodzi wa posankha zochita, ungatithandizire m'madera osiyana ndi ntchito mitundu yonse ya amazilamulira. mphamvu za ndale ali ndi zodziwika bwino dongosolo masanjidwe.

Njira achitepo chikhalidwe ndi maulamuliro

Si nthawi zonse anthu amabwera anasangalala kwambiri njira kulamulira. Ngakhale wandale chigamulo Koma wina wamphamvu mwina, sitinganene motsimikiza za tsogolo lake ndale. mkwiyo anthu - zoopsa mphamvu, chifukwa anthu mu mkwiyo kwasanduka khamu la anthu, ndi khamu sangathe ankalamulira. Koma pofuna kuti anthu anayamba ntchito, kwenikweni muyenera munthu amene Usaope kuyankhula ndi boma. Monga ulamuliro, ndi wosachiritsika otentheka omwe ankakhulupirira kuti anali wosalakwa. Mkubwela kwa "anthu" otentheka ngati unatha kuwotcha pamtengo ndi pamtengo. Analoledwa nawo gulu limene analandira dzina la "kutsutsa ndale". Ichi chidachitika kuti ena semblance ya ulamuliro pa iwo. Pakuti wopambana ndi amene amadziwa mdani mu nkhope. Mu nthawi ya kuwatsutsa Union sipangakhalenso weniweni monga mphamvu iliyonse kuonekera mfundo. Zinali unit mu boma ndi kunja boma zida, amene anali alibiretu kulemera ndale. Mu masiku ano Russian andale amalola mapangidwe chitsutso zipani m'njira imene unali kumatanthauza maganizo "chipani chitsutso". Ndiko kuti, kapangidwe anayamba kuoneka, ndi phukusi la zikalata chinanena mwa lamulo, cholinga chake chinali pa mwambo wa zofuna za nzika za amene samagwirizana ndi mzere wa chipani cholamulira. Ntchito ya gulu kutsutsidwa ndi kulimbikitsa anthu a malingaliro ndi khalidwe pakufalitsa. Chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi mwina kulanda boma panopa, atasintha mu chikumbumtima anthu.

Boma komanso kutsutsidwa

udindo wotsutsa moyo wa Russia masiku ano osokoneza ndithu. Pa dzanja limodzi, pali mphamvu zandale ndi amaposa cha thandizo oponya voti, amene mapulogalamu ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi mapulogalamu osati chipani cholamulira koma formations ena andale amene amadzitcha okha kutsutsidwa. Komano, palibe chipani angamatsutse osati kutchulidwa zimenezo, poyerekezera ndi chipani cholamulira ndale. Mayikidwe a magulu a ndale Russia lero motere: chipani cholamulira mu yamalamulo ankaimira "United Russia", ndi cha ntchito ndi chitsutso Communist Party ndi Osaumira Democratic Party. maphwando awiriwa anali anatha kupeza oposa 7% ya mavoti onse mu chisankho Duma lomaliza. Izi otchedwa zokhudza zonse kutsutsidwa. Palinso sanali zokhudza zonse kutsutsidwa. Ndi pa ndale mu Russia, si kugonjetsa 7% chotchinga, koma anavomereza kugwira ntchito yamalamulo ndi. Komabe, chinthu chilichonse alibe. kayendedwe zina zonse kufotokoza mfundo za ndale maganizo, amaonedwa mmphepete ndi ndisanabadwe Service Kulembetsa monga anthu amene sanathe kuonetsa kuti ndi kuchita mtanda ntchito.

A mbiri pang'ono

Chitsutso mu Russia wakhala alipo nthawi zonse. Ambiri momveka bwino chitsutso Russian chinayamba m'zaka za m'ma makumi awiri, pamene Bolsheviks anayamba kulamulira. Ndipo ngakhale mawu akuti "kutsutsa" wasanduka chinachake chonga sitampa, chipani aumbike mwa yovuta imeneyi, anayesa kukambirana ndi boma latsopanolo. Zinthu zimene mpaka 1929. Koma kachiwiri, mphamvu ya kutsutsa Bolsheviks - "White kayendedwe" - panthawiyo anali kale inawonongedwa, kutsutsidwa amaloledwa yekha mwa kayendedwe Bolshevik. Pa kuti kuli cha kutsutsidwa kunja anthu zipani mlingo osati kuvomereza. Ndi kudza kwa ulamuliro wa Stalin dissent kuphedwa, tsono, kwambiri mfundo "chipani chitsutso" ali unatha. Koma ndi khalidwe la moyo Russian, kuti salandira chiwawa aliyense ndi iwo. pali "kutsutsa abwino" Mosiyana ndi ulamuliro choopsa cha mantha mu 30s mochedwa. Akuti anapeza mu chitsitsimutso cha chikhulupiriro mobisa, koma chikhulupiriro cha zipembedzo zonse mwamtheradi. Malenkov, mu kalata Stalin anasonyeza kukayikira anagonjetsa Europe kuthekera anthu oterowo. Ichi chinali kutsogolera kwa yoweyula latsopano mantha mu 1937, zomwe anawononga lonse la anthu apamwamba moyamba ndi anzeru wa Union. Only mu 1985 CPSU General Mlembi Gorbachev, nkhani yolembedwa wake za democratization wa anthu a Soviet kwenikweni kulola dongosolo multiparty, potero kubwerera chitsutso moyo.

dongosolo

Ndi kuchotsa Party Communist monga chipani cholamulira ogwirizana m'dera ndale kusankha kovuta. Mwachibadwa, kunali koyenera kukhala osachepera dongosolo kuti mukwanitse boma zinthu zimenezi, osati kokha kuti tipulumuke, komanso kuti ayambenso malo ake kutsogolera pa dziko lonse. The ndondomeko ya mayikidwe a magulu andale chimaonetsa nthawi yaitali. Pa mapangidwe ake, mphamvu ndi chitsutso masinthidwe kwambiri. Democratization ndi liberalism wa latsopano umoyo-yandale kwambiri. dongosolo chipani K 1993 unakhazikitsidwa chaka, wopangidwa mwa mayunitsi atatu: likulu anasiya, malo, ndi pakati-bwino. Iye anakhala mtsogoleri centrist bloc zothandiza pulezidenti. Mpheroyi DPR ndi, PRES, "Apple" ndi "Kusankha Russia". nkhondo, amene anapezeka ndi ulamuliro ndi chitsutso maphwando, akufotokozera pa maziko a misinkhu zachuma mavuto, pamene chipani ovomereza a boma wotaya malo ake ndi kulimbikitsa chitsutso ndale. Komanso, mikangano yapakati-mitundu ndi malire malire kulola kwambiri lamanzere, ndipo kwambiri mphamvu ya kudzanja phiko mosadalira visola. Zimenezi Inde, amaponya maphwando chitsutso pa udindo waukulu ku Russia.

mgwirizano wa maganizo

mtsogoleri kutuluka chipani "United Russia" mu Duma IV convocation (2003). Maonekedwe powonekera wa cholimba player kutsogoza pang'ono ndi pang'ono kusintha. zipani zandale ndi atsogoleri awo pang'onopang'ono kuchotsedwa udindo utsogoleri. chipani ovomereza a boma kalekale secures malo ake kutsogolera, zochokera malingaliro a conservatism ndi ufulu wotsutsana ndi kayendedwe kwakukulu kwambiri. Kuyambira nthawi imene yayambira msinkhu wina wa chitukuko cha dziko Russian. Cholinga chachikulu ndi kusunga malo utsogoleri chipani kwa zaka 15. Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi ndi kupangidwa chikumbumtima woganizirana, umene amapereka mwa udindo khola zachuma ndi lingaliro limodzi la Great Russia. Ndi kukonda kwambiri dziko lawo mu malo oyamba uliwonse wa mtsogoleri wa MCP. Imodzi mwa magawo mapangidwe wakutemwa dziko anali kusaina mgwirizano pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa miyeso kuteteza anthu kuopa alendo ndiponso kusankhana mitundu. Russian zipani pafupifupi anagwirizana walemba bukuli. Zikomo ndi kuzindikira bwino za pulogalamu ya chipanichi, kusintha kwa mtundu, chipani "United Russia" anapambana pa chisankho zotsiriza Assembly Zokonza thandizo kwambiri omwe adzaponye chisanko, ichi ndi chifukwa ambiri a chipani cholamulira mu boma paliponse dera. Kukhalapo kwa mphamvu zandale, ndi thandizo la anthu a boma, kutsutsa waika Russia phwando mu malo ovuta.

mtsinje atsopano

The vuto lalikulu anakumana pafupifupi chipani chitsutso, ndi mpikisano. boma ndi malamulo ulamuliro limagwirira inamangidwa m'njira kuti kutsutsako ndi zovuta bwanji kugwira ntchito yake. Thandizo lochokera anthu ntchito ngakhale kovuta, chifukwa kuti kalasi ntchito anayamba kulalatira ndi chipani cholamulira, m'pofunika kupeza chifukwa wosakhutira. Koma bwanji ngati onse kukhuta, wokhutitsidwa ndi ntchito gwiritsirani yomwaza ndi chidwi? Momwe anthu kudandaula? Pali zingapo zimene mungachite. Choyamba - pensioners. Pano mukhoza kusewera Chikhumbo kale Soviet. Koma mwayi kachiwiri zoipa - mlingo wa penshoni kwathunthu likukwaniritsa zokhumba nzika opulumuka 90s njala ndipo sindikufuna kusintha zonenepa "tsopano" kwa wosadziwika "mawa". Yachiwiri - ndi anzeru m'dera ndi oligarchs, koma ndi ochepa kwambiri kuthandiza wamphamvu, ndipo zimavuta kuti akufuna kukangana ndi ulamuliro panopa. Mpaka achinyamata. Izo umalimbana achinyamata mabodza masiku ano kuwatsutsa. Achinyamata ntchito mosavuta. Iwo atengeke wa indoctrination, ndi kuyenda bwino ndipo amafuna pafupifupi palibe ndalama zinthu. Boyish, chibadidwe pafupifupi onse mamembala a magulu achinyamata, MOKHOZA wolunjika wa zamaganizo experimental akukhala chida amphamvu. N'zokayikitsa kuti kuyenda kwa zinthu zimenezi kwambiri bwanji moyo andale a Russia, koma mphamvu yeniyeni ya zipani msewu chitsutso choterocho angagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zofuna zawo.

phazi ulendo

Chiwonetsero cha mphamvu zimenezi anakhala zochitika wotchuka pa Bolotnaya msewu. Chinthu chomvetsa chisoni kuti zipani za Russia amene amadziona kukhala wotsutsana ndi maulamuliro, kamodzinso anatsimikizira kulephera kwake kwathunthu monga ndale. Pakuti khamu la anthu linasonkhana pa Bolotnaya Square, chinachititsa osati mawu kuti kutsutsako kuika patsogolo. Amafuna yosiya a boma ndi chisankho atsopano anabwereka zionetsero mu Kiev "Maidan", ndipo ndithudi machenjerero anali ofanana ndithu, koma sizinali choncho. Mfundo yakuti kwambiri kuthekera kuukira wakhala mbendera ya boma. Signal za kukula chikumbumtima dziko, kuphunzira kuganiza, kuzindikira. Against maziko a "mtundu" akhoza dambo Maidan kusintha chosakaniza mwakhama kuwononga osati fano andale a chipani cholamulira, koma Putin panokha. Opulumutsidwa zinthu kupanda atsogoleri. Assembly of nambala mwachilungamo lalikulu la anthu, ndiroleni ine kuwataya anapeza pa zaka za satiety mphamvu inatha monga njira, kuti ali kanthu koposa angapo waswa malamulo ndi maganizo onse a euphoria ndi vuto la mantha wake akuluakulu. Ngati atsogoleri a otchuka kuukira kwa mtsogoleri woona, kusintha kwa boma akhoza kukhala weniweni. Koma iwo amati, kufuula ndi kumanzere. Today Atsogoleri chitsutso amalephera kulimbikitsa anthu oponya voti pa kuchita chilichonse aakulu, alibe makhalidwe utsogoleri kunathandiza kuti kuuzira khamu.

anataya mwayi

Zosachitika msonkhano mavuto mu dambo ndi Sakharov Avenue kudziwa malangizo amene zipani za kuwatsutsa ndi kusuntha. Sitepe yoyamba bwino ndi, ndithudi, chilengedwe cha ena likulu chitsutso, omwe akuphatikizapo atsogoleri amene ali ndi kuthekera kwambiri. ntchito ziyenera kuperekedwa ntchito pazipita kuchuluka kwa chuma. Ngati propaganda zimafalitsidwa ali ndi mphamvu m'malo zochepa, Dziko Lonse Web pamene kufufuza si. mpata wofotokoza tikhale Olemba mabulogi. zochita zawo angathe kupita mapangidwe chikumbumtima anthu, zosonkhanitsira deta sociological, koma pang'ono ngati mungachite kuti m'maganizo malire ... pali kuthekera bwino omenyera zomwe sizinayende kukhazikitsa zofuna zawo zandale pa chisankho paliponse. Kulumikizana United chitsutso mphamvu amapereka ena, ngakhale zachiphamaso, n'zotheka adzabwerenso maudindo kale. Palibe kukaika kuti latsopano amphamvu chitsutso kuti apange kulowetsedwa likulu payekha. Ngakhale Kungotchula ndalama mu ndege ya nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu ndale angatchedwe mwano, koma mphamvu iliyonse ayenera kukhala weniweni nkhani maziko. NAWO wa chipani cha kutsutsidwa ndi anthu olemera ndi bwino amapereka thandizo kwambiri ndithu anachita zonse chosintha. Chabwino, chomaliza, koma ayi kugwirizana waung'ono kwambiri mu unyolo ayenera kukhala anzeru ndi akuluakulu a beau Monde. Wokondedwa ojambula zithunzi, kulenga osankhika - amatha kutsogolera anthu, osachepera mafani awo.

Kodi pali tsogolo?

Mogwirizana ndi zimene zinachitikira zaka mmbuyo, anapempha funso: "Kodi ndi kulamulira chipani cha Russia kuletsa otsutsa?" Iwo amadziwika kuti palibe wosatha. zochitika Recent tiganize zovuta za ziyembekezo za boma panopa ndi mwayi kuwatsutsa. Kuti chodabwitsa, amene ankachitika mu 2012 mu Moscow, amalankhula yekha wa kusasitsa andale a anthu, amene wakhala zotheka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mibadwo. Dziko lomwe lili yake masomphenya ndale ndipo sayenera atsogoleri. Society, chimene wakhoza kusonkhanitsa mu nthawi yochepa ndi kufotokoza malo awo bwino, tinganene kuti okhwima ndithu, kukonzekera kukambirana ndi akuluakulu a boma. Ndipo kuti ali ndi ufulu kudzitchula chitsutso lero, okonzeka kuteteza zofuna si anthu kapena zipani koma fuko lonse. Mosakayikira, chinthu choterocho monga kutsutsidwa otchuka, ayenera kukulitsa mwinamwake n'zosatheka kukhala mudziko lonse. Russian chikumbumtima salinso inazikidwa pa munthu, kotero kusintha kwa mtsogoleri pa siteji iyi ya chitukuko cha anthu si vuto. Komanso, mawu akuti "mtsogoleri" wasoŵa masiku ano anthu ambiri. Ndipo boma ayenera kukumbukira zimenezi. Ndi angamatsutse ndipo ayenera mnzathu, izo ziyenera kukhala okhoza kumva. Chitsutso ankafunikira mphamvu osachepera pofuna kuthandiza zolakwa olondola ndipo musalole kumasuka.