Table a maudindo mu Tsarist Russia. Table a maudindo a Federation ndi Russian

"Table a maudindo" Tsarist Russia (1722-1917) predstalyaet lamulo ndondomeko chifukwa chokana kuti Civil Service ku mabwalo Russian ndi Russian Ufumu, komanso anasonyeza chiŵerengero osiyanasiyana mkulu komanso dongosolo limene angakwezedwe mu udindo.

Ndipo anavomereza ndi Peter Ine mu January 1722 ndipo zinatha mpaka November 1917 ndi kusintha zambiri. M'madera ena olamulidwa ndi Cossack ndi Maboma woyera, kanthu ake mpaka October 1922. Chilamulo "Table a maudindo" Akuluakulu a ku Russia kulibe.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Tsar Peter anatenga mbali mu chilengedwe ndi kusintha kwa lamulo limeneli, ozikidwa pa pobwereka ku mndandanda wa akuluakulu a Prussian, French, Chidanishi Swedish maufumu. Peter panokha Kukonzanso kusodza akhakula, analemba mu 1721, koma pamaso buku analamula kuti abweretse lamulo kwa Senate.

The zili "Table a maudindo" Tsarist Russia, kupatula Senate, anali adawona mu Admiralty ndi usilikali Komiti, kumene chiwerengero ndemanga ananeneratu za mmene kuika kudzera m'gulu tithe malipilo malipiro, komanso kukhazikitsa akuluakulu wakale Russian tebulo ndi pa kuchotsa katunduyo pa chilango achite malo, amene anali kuposa udindo chogwirizana mu mpingo. mfundo zonse deta aja, opanda zinanso m'chilamulo "Table a maudindo" (Russian ufumu). Mu kukafola buku yomaliza nawo mamembala a Senate ndi Bruce Golovkin ndi Dmitriyev-Mamonov ndi Matyushkin - ankalimbikitsa kuti ambiri aakulu.

"Table a maudindo": kutumikira boma Tsarist Russia

January 24, 1722 mfumu anavomereza chikalatacho. tithe onse tsopano ogaŵikana zotsatirazi mitundu itatu: a anthu wamba, nkhondo ndi bwalo. Iwo mulinso 14 magulu osiyanasiyana.

"Table a maudindo" mu Russia tsarist inkakhala okwana 263 udindo, koma ena a iwo linathetsedwa, ndipo m'zaka 18 mochedwa, mbisoweka palimodzi.

cholowa otchuka

14 TH kalasi (Fendrick, ndipo kenako ndi 1730, Officer chilolezo) anapatsa munthu ufulu otchuka cholowa, omwe alembedwa ntchito mmboma utapezeka pa kufika kalasi chitatu (udindo wa assessor collegiate) ndi 14 (ie collegiate kaundula) ndi ufulu kupereka kokha anthu otchuka a galimoto yake.

Cholowa otchuka Manifesto, lofalitsidwa June 11, 1845, utapezeka pamodzi ndi ulimi wa kalasi 8 (zomwe zinagwirizana wopita ntchito a). Anabadwa bambo awo nacho icho, ana anali gulu lapadera. Iwo ankatchedwa ana akapitawo akulu. Pankhaniyi, mmodzi wa iwo mwina apatsidwe cholowa otchuka pa pempho la atate wake.

Kusintha m'tsogolo mu "Table a maudindo"

Mu December 1856, Alexander II womangika ndi lamulo la ufulu kupeza nzika za otchuka udindo cholowa cha msilikaliyo (izi kalasi 6), ndi bungwe la Civil Service - 4 kalasi.

Monga mukuonera, Baibulo loyambirira, lomwe ndi "Table a maudindo" mu Tsarist Russia kusintha chifukwa cha kusintha kwa pafupifupi zaka. chiwerengero A udindo wamba wakhala dzina a maudindo boma, kaya ntchito leni la owayimilira.

maudindo anathetsa

Mwachitsanzo, dzina "collegiate assessor", "collegiate mlembi", "State milandu," "collegiate mlangizi" poyamba kutanthauza udindo ankaimba membala wa bodi ndi zoopsa ndi kafukufuku voti, mlembi bolodi ndi pulezidenti wa "The State" board. Wapampando wa khoti Court ankatchedwa "Mlangizi bwalo." Mu 1726, tatchulawa makhoti anali anathetsa, ndi udindo wa dzina mpaka 1917.

"Table a maudindo" mu Tsarist Russia anapereka mwayi kwa anthu aluso, oimira magulu m'munsi, patsogolo, kuphatikizapo kuti anthu otchuka.

tithe kupatukana

Tithe anagawidwa kapitawo likulu, mkulu (sitandade 9, mwachitsanzo Mulingo wa titular mlangizi / mkulu Ponena) ndi ankhondo. Ife kuunikila kagulu ka makalasi awiri (pamwamba asilikali). Iwo ankayenera kuti pempho lake: akuluakulu okalamba - "Wolemekezeka" lagona Ofitserova anali kutchedwa - "Wolemekezeka," a asilikali - "Wolemekezeka" Choncho nthumwi za magulu oyamba awiri - "Wolemekezeka."

Paokha ataima tithe 5 kalasi (State milandu / kapitawo), palibe kwa akazembe kapena ngakhale alonda, iwo ankayenera kuti ndikaonekere zotsatirazi - ". Wolemekezeka"

Tithe Ngakhale kuti mwachindunji chinati, opita kwa amuna. Mkazi kuchita zinthu mogwirizana amuna awo Udindo ndi atsikana osakwatiwa ankatengedwa sukulu zingapo poyerekeza makolo awo. Komanso anayambitsanso ulamuliro malinga ndi zimene amafuna malo ndi maulemu pamwamba udindo wake pa misonkhano yokhala ndi zikondwerero anthu anadalira zabwino, amene anali wofanana ndi malipiro miyezi iwiri ya munthu, chimene 2/3 la ndalama zofunikira kuti kazitapeyo. The chilango chofanana chikangoperekedwa kwa ntchito munthu wa udindo m'munsi malo anu. Livery, adalira, moyo - zonse ayenera kukhala mogwirizana ndi udindo mukukhala.

Zokonda asilikali alonda Peter I

Peter Ine, potsindika lonse Kusiya nkhondo wamba, sanafune anapereka kwa anthu ntchito ya boma, akalonga zogwirizana a kalasi loyamba. Koma, kukopeka ndi Osterman, ukugwira kuti zamtendere kutchuka udindo Chancellor (mutu wa utumiki zamtendere) kwa izo.

Udindo wa atamva milandu kalasi Ine unakhazikitsidwa kenako okha. Peter zokonda anasonyeza chakuti ngati mu ankhondo ndi udindo wa kalasi 14 akwaniritsa cholowa otchuka, Civil Service - yekha ndi mutu wa Collegiate Assessor (kalasi 8, mutu kapitawo udindo). Kuyambira 1856 anali kutenga udindo ndi ambiri ankafunika ichi, kuti adzakhale leni boma milandu.

Zimasonyeza chikutanthauza ndi otsika kwambiri udindo (ngakhale wamkulu), amene anali ndi bolodi pulezidenti, "The State", ndiye mtumiki kwa mfundo European.

Kenako Atumiki anakonza tithe mlangizi chinsinsi ndi leni chinsinsi mlangizi.

Impact pa anthu ndi anthu otchuka

Ndi kukhazikitsa lamulo limeneli wakale tithe (ogwira, olemekezeka) sanali yokhala anathetsedwa, koma tsopano anasiya kopita kwawo. "Table a maudindo" anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa tsoka mbiri ya amazikonda anthu otchuka, komanso pa ndandanda boma. Only kupambana munthu anali yang'anira yekha makonzedwe utumiki. Mtundu, "makolo ulemu" wataya tanthauzo pankhaniyi. Izi ndi lalikulu tanthauzo la m'mbiri ya chikalata ichi monga "Table a maudindo" mu Tsarist Russia.

Ndi bwalo ndi ntchito m'boma akhala anapatukana asilikali. Kupeza anthu otchuka mfumu mphoto, kupambana munthu anali mtchatho. Izi zakhudza lonse la anthu otchuka pa democratization, kuphatikiza wa kutumikira cha khalidwe lake, komanso gulu la kalasi m'magulu watsopano - Personal ndipo tidakocheza.

kalasi udindo m'munsi mwa asilikali (14 kalasi, Fendrick, ndipo kenako ndi 1730 - chizindikiro) yomweyo anapatsa ufulu kukhala ndikathundu anthu otchuka kwa mibadwo yonse. Kenako, Manifesto mu 1845, anayamba wofu- kalasi 8, ndi ntchito ya boma - 5.