M. I. Platov Ataman: yonena, ana a Cossacks Ataman Platova Matveya Ivanovicha

Mmodzi wa kanjedza chidwi kwambiri wa nkhondo wa 1812 ndi Matvei Platov - Ataman wa asilikali Don Cossack. Iye anali munthu ndithu chidwi ndi chidwi. Kuwonjezera nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, ambiri nkhondo zina nawo Ataman Platov. The yonena za munthu uyu adzakhala nkhani ya zokambirana zathu.

achinyamata

Tsogolo Ataman Matvey Ivanovich Platov anabadwa mu August 1751 mu Cherkassk, amene panthawiyo anali likulu la Don Cossacks. atate wake, Ivan, a chuma cha alonda Cossack, ndi mayi ake, Anna Illarionovna (b. 1733), anali mnzake wokhulupirika wa moyo kwa mwamuna wake.

Kuwonjezera Mateyu, banja anali ndi ana atatu, aamuna onse: Andrew, Stephen ndi Peter.

Kodi mtundu wa ntchito adzasankha njira ya m'tsogolo Ataman M. I. Platov, panalibe kukaikira. Kumene, mwana wa Cossack tingakhoze kokha kukhala Cossack.

Pa zaka khumi ndi zisanu, Mateyu anagwirizana ofesi ya Don Cossacks, pamene ali udindo wa anga. Patapita zaka zitatu, analandira udindo zotsatirazi - mkulu Cossack.

Platov kale anakhazikitsa yekha monga munthu ndi udindo yosayenera kwa ntchito iliyonse.

Pa nkhondo

Tsogolo Ataman Matvei Platov anatenga gawo mu Chirasha Turkey nkhondo ya 1768-1774. Mu 1771 iye anali nawo mu nkhondo pa mzere Perekop ndi Kinburn, yomwe yagoletsa bwino. Patapita chaka kale udindo lamulo la Regiment ya Don Cossacks. Mu 1774, Matvei anapita ku Caucasus Front, kumene nawo yimitsira cha kupanduka mu Kuban ng'ombezi amene anathandiza Ottoman.

Titamaliza wa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo 1775, M. Platov nawo kupondereza kupanduka kwa Pugachev. Kuyambira pamenepo iye anabwerera ku North Caucasus, kumene mu zaka 1782-1784 chomenyana ndi opanduka Lezgins, Nogais ndi Chechens.

Zotsatirazi Chirasha Turkey nkhondo (1787-1791 biennium). Bungwelo anatenga yogwira kwambiri. Ndi sachita anali asilikali ake m'malinga monga Ochakov (1788), Ackerman (1789), Bender (1789), Isimaeli (1790). Mu 1789, komanso kumenyana ndi asilikali Russian mu nkhondo za Causeni.

zochuluka wake pa munda wa asilikali ali zinaonedwa. Kuyambira 1790 Platov - Ataman Chuguevsky ndi Ekaterinoslav Regiment, ndipo mu 1793 analandira udindo wa Major General.

Mu 1796, Matvei nawo ndawala Persian, amene Komabe, posakhalitsa zimafika.

chamanyazi

Osati yekha chisangalalo adadziwa M. I. Platov. Ataman anali amaganiziridwa Mfumu Paulo mu chiwembu iye ndi kupita ku Kostroma. Izi zinachitika mu 1797. Patapita nthawi iye anasamutsidwa ndi linga, kutanthauza kuti aggravation kuposa kupalamula.

Opal Platov chinakhalapo mpaka 1801, pamene Paulo anaganiza kuti amumasule m'ndende kwa Ataman nawo yayandikirayo. Indian kampeni. Komabe, adventurousness a dongosolo lino, komanso imfa Mfumu sanamulole kuchita dongosolo.

Pa mutu wa Don Cossacks

Mwana wa Paulo Alexander I, amene anali Russian Mfumu, ankalimbikitsa Matvei atamwalira bambo wake. Kuyambira 1801 Platov - Ataman ya Don Cossacks. Ichi chimatanthauza kuti kuchokera nthawi imeneyo anakhala mtsogoleri wa zonse Don Cossacks. Komanso, Matvei analimbikitsidwa ndi msilikali wamba.

Udindo umene anapereka msinkhu kuposa udindo pamaso pa mfumu ndi boma. Inde, katundu wa udindo akhoza udzaphwanya munthu aliyense, koma osati munthu ayenera kulipira. Ataman ya Don Cossacks ali reorganized dongosolo limene mpaka wakhala disordered ndithu. Komanso, mu 1805 Platov anakhazikitsa likulu latsopano la Don Cossacks - Novocherkassk.

The nkhondo Napoleon

Cossack Ataman Platov, motsogozedwa ndi mkulu, anatenga gawo mu nkhondo ya Coalition wachinayi ndi Napoleon. Kumenyana zinachitika makamaka ku dera la Ufumu wa Prussia.

Platov panokha analamula asilikali ake pa Nkhondo ya Eylau, kenako wabweza dziko kutchuka. Cossacks ankachita uncharacteristically kwa nkhondo nyengo kuposa makamaka sakudziwabe mdani. Iwo ntchito zigawenga njira za nkhondo, kufunkha mofulumira flanks mdani ndi kupereka kuwonongeka ndithu.

Pambuyo kusainira ndi Tilsit mtendere pangano pakati Russia ndi France mu 1807, Napoleon panokha analipira msonkho kwa Platov. Iye anamupatsa snuffbox wapatali. Komanso ndine Legiyo Ulemu anali kuwapatsa ulemu kulipira. Ataman anakana ulemu uwu, kutchula mfundo kuti sangathe kutumikira monga wolamulira yachilendo.

Imodzi mwa makampani zofunika kwambiri nyengo ayenera kutchula Chirasha Turkey nkhondo 1806-1812, imene Platov Cossack detachment opareshoni bwinobwino. Ndiyeno udindo watsopano - General asilikali.

World nkhondo II

Koma chizindikiro chachikulu pa nkhani yonena za Platov anasiya kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812 , ndi Napoleon.

Pa chiyambi cha Napoleonic kuwukira malipiro analamulira asilikali onse Cossack, koma kenako zinthu yokakamiza kutsogolera detachments. Monga mwa ndawala yapita ndi Napoleon, zochitika za Cossacks Platov chifukwa cha modzidzimutsa ake anabweretsa mavuto ambiri kwa mdani. Iwo Platov asilikali anakwanitsa kugwila msilikaliyo French, ndipo analanda mapepala ofunika a General Sebastiani.

Woyamba bwino nkhondo yolimbana ndi asilikali Napoleonic Platov unachitikira mu June pafupi ndi mudzi wa Mir, amene anaphwanya detachment ya General Rozhnetskogo. Pambuyo pa Nkhondo ya Saltykovka Cossacks kuphimba mthunzi wa General Bagration, pambuyo nkhondo ya Smolensk, Platov analanda lamulo la alonda kumbuyo kwa asilikali onse Russian, amene anapitiriza abwerere.

Koma posakhalitsa zinthu zasintha. Mu August, pa pempho la mfumu Chief Barclay de A Tolley, Platov anachotsedwa asilikali. Malinga ndi zikalata zofunikira, chifukwa "ena amasokoneza". Koma, malinga ndi magwero odalirika, chifukwa chachikulu kuchotsedwa Platov anatumikira monga khama lake akulakalaka mowa.

Komabe, Platov posachedwa anabwerera ndi nawo nkhondo ya Borodino, komanso mu bungwe pa Fili. Ndipo pa msonkhanowu, iye anakanitsitsa mthunzi ku Moscow.

Pamene asilikali Napoleon anayamba kuchoka Russia, ndicho Platov anatsogolera kutsatira ake. Monga kasamalidwe amakhulupirira mayunitsi ake m'manja akhoza amachititsa kuwonongeka pazipita kwa mdani.

wokopa ena ndi chifaniziro cha Cossacks mu chikhalidwe European

asilikali Platov, ndi nthawi ya mtengo analandira udindo wa chizengerezo; pakati woyamba kuti anawoloka malire a Russian Ufumu wa Neman ndi kuyamba kutsata asilikali Napoleon ndi kale kunja kwa dzikoli. Iwo anayamba kuzinga Danzig, chimene chidayamba kukhala General MacDonald.

Pambuyo Ataman M. Platov makamaka ili ku likulu la Mfumu, koma asilikali Cossack anapitiriza ntchito monga bwino adaniwo. Nthawi zina Matvei anauzidwa kuti atsogolele mayunitsi payekha. Makamaka, iye anatsogolera magawano mu nkhondo ya Leipzig, ikutchedwa Nkhondo ya amitundu.

mayunitsi Cossack zapita onse a ku Ulaya, ku France, kumene Napoleon anasaina agonje. Cossacks Platov maonekedwe awo, komanso msinkhu m'munsi chilango kuposa mayunitsi a asilikali zonse, mantha osati pa asilikali mdani, komanso azungu wamba. Pambuyo chithunzichi kampeni ya Cossack Russian anakhala amamuona ngati chikhalidwe European.

imfa ataman

Matvey Platov anafa January 1818, m'mudzi ku Taganrog, m'dziko wochokera Don, pa msinkhu wa zaka 66. Choncho sichikwiya mmodzi wa kanjedza achangu mu mbiri ya Don Cossacks.

Platov poyamba anaikidwa Novocherkassk, koma anatsatira pambuyo mndandanda wa kukonzanso m'manda. Ataman Manda anadetsa ndi Bolsheviks. Pambuyo pake, mu 1993, zotsalira Matveya Platova anakwiriridwa mu malo omwewo.

Banja ndi ana

Matvei Platov anakwatiwa kawiri. Ukwati woyamba iye pamodzi Nadezhda Stepanovna Efraimu, amene udzayesedwa mdzukulu Ataman ya Don Cossacks. Mu ukwati mu 1777 iye anali ndi mwana, Ivan, amene Komabe, anafa mwamsanga 1806, kale pa imfa ya bambo ake. Atangochoka kubadwa kwa mwana wake 1783, ndipo anafa Nadezhda Stepanovna.

Chachiwiri ukwati kavalidwe Chili Marfa Dmitrievna Martynova, chomwe komanso ukwati chachiwiri. Iye anadza kuchokera Cossack Hetman mtundu. Iwo anali ndi ana awiri (Mateyu ndi Yohane) ndi aakazi anayi (Martha, Anna, Maria, Alexandra).

Martha D. anafa mochedwa 1812. Pambuyo M. Platov anakhala m'banja aboma ndi Elizabeth anagonjera mfumu British.

ana Ataman Platov kudzera ana ake Mateyu ndi Ivan ndi mutu wa kuwerengedwa.

makhalidwe ataman

Ataman Platov anali wokongola chidwi munthu, amene anapereka kwambiri utumiki khama la Mama. amunamuna ake mosakayikira chitsanzo kwa ana. Komanso, n'zovuta Musaone chopereka Matvey Ivanovich mu mapangidwe osasamba Don Cossacks kwenikweni mphamvu kumenyana, mantha mdani.

Kumene, monga munthu wina aliyense, mtsogoleri lodziwika bwino linali ndi zovuta zake. Tikhoza Mwachitsanzo, zikhoza kuganiziridwa lokonda kwambiri mowa. Komabe, makhalidwe ake abwino kwakukulukulu anaposa ziwonongeke.

Monga mukuonera, mmodzi wa kanjedza wotchuka kwambiri nthawi yake zikuwoneka Ataman Platov. Photo, mwatsoka, palibe, kuyambira chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, luso kujambula adali wodziwika kwa dziko. Komabe, pali chiwerengero ndithu zithunzi, wodzala ndi amisiri aluso kuti tili ndi mwayi kuganizira chifanizo cha mtsogoleri wamkulu.

Limodzi ntchito imeneyi ndi posthumous chithunzi Platov ndi wotchuka English wojambula George Dawe pa nthawi. cipangizo ici ndi pamwamba. Tikayang'ana mbali kunja anthu okhala pa izo, Ataman Platov anali mwamuna wamphamvu ndi wolimba wofuna munthu. Zikomo kuti ntchito zimenezi, tikhoza kuona zimene anali wamkulu kanjedza mbiri ya zaka zapitazi.