Kumasulidwa kwa Vienna April 13, 1945. Vienna Sturm

Austria ndi Hungary - ndi maiko amene, ngakhale amaoneka ofanana koma ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi mzake. Izi imakhudzanso maganizo a. Choncho, pa kufika ku Hungary Red Army yakale Union linavomereza ozizira kwambiri, ovuta, pamene Austrians anachita neutrally kapena ngakhale okhulupirika kwa asilikali.

A maganizo ofanana pa ntchito yokonza ndi khalidwe la ntchito si kutali. Ichi ndi chifukwa mkangano wa mfundo Union ndi Austria chosalowerera ndale, ovomereza-lopondereza maganizo ndi kulingalira. Komabe, kumasula Vienna - mutu ndi chidwi, osokoneza ndipo amachititsa kunjenjemera pamaso pa mphamvu ya asilikali ndi wosazima wakutemwa. Makamaka poganizira mfundo yakuti amasulidwe likulu Austria ali anakwanitsa osati kudya, koma ndi zomvetsa kochepa anthu.

Kukonzekera opaleshoni

Ndi 1945, chaka chinayi awiri mbali chikumenyana akhala wotopa: maganizo ndi thupi - ndi asilikali tylovikov, mtengo - kuti nawo nkhondo imeneyi wamagazi lililonse dziko. A uyenderere mphamvu zatsopano anaonekera pamene amachoka pansi German potsimikizira-amanyansidwa pafupi ndi nyanja Balaton. mphamvu Red Army kwenikweni wedged mu chitetezo cha Nazi, kukakamiza Germany mwamsanga kanthu kukonza ngati "mabowo".

Kuopsa chachikulu iwo anali kuti Soviet Union kufalikira kukhota latsopano, zikhoza kukhala nthawi yaitali kuiwala za adani a Hungary. Ndipo ngati anataya dziko lino, Austria, nayenso, posachedwapa m'manja mwa Russian.

Panthawi imeneyi kutsogolo kwa asilikali a 2 ndi 3 Chiyukireniya amadzibisa, pali ntchito - kuphwanya Germany mu malo mwa nyanja Balaton, pasanafike March 16.

Pa yomweyo mphamvu UV chachitatu chidali nayo anakantha onongani kwa mdani ndi April 15 TH kulowa mzere wa Tulln, St. Poelten, Neu lengby.

chuma zolawula

Popeza kumasulidwa kwa Vienna adzachita zazikulu osati lamulo, koma asilikali wamba, akukonzekera ntchito anayamba nthawi yomweyo. Nkhonyayo waukulu anaika asilikali a Chachitatu Chiyukireniya Front. Maganizo, ndi ovulala ambiri mwa anthu komanso makina, anapeza mphamvu kukonzekera nkhondo.

nkhondowo magalimoto kubwezeretsa sanali kokha chifukwa polandirira msonkho zinthu zatsopano, komanso kuyamika asilikali amene anachira chida kutali zedi.

Pa nthawi imene ntchito anayamba kumasula Vienna, mu nkhokwe ya 3 Chiyukireniya Front anali:

• 18 magulu mfuti;
• za mazana awiri akasinja ndi SAU (kudziletsa injini zidutswa zida zankhondo);
• pafupifupi 4,000 mfuti mortars.

Cacikulu opaleshoni mlingo

Monga tanenera kale, kulankhula mosapita m'mbali za omasuka kapena zophinja cha zimenezi, sitingathe. Pa dzanja limodzi, kumasulidwa kwa Vienna mu 1945 - ndi chimodzi mwa yachangu ndi yowala ntchito. Komano, ndi chidwi anthu ndi zinthu zomvetsa. Kunena kuti adani likulu la Austria mophweka, likhoza sasamala chakuti ambiri mikuntho enawo amagwirizana ndi zomvetsa ndi kwambiri kwambiri anthu.

mpumulo pafupifupi nthawi ya Vienna - ndi zotsatira za zinachitikira usilikali Soviet, chifukwa iwo kale kunapezeka bwino adani chiwembu.

Musaiwale za mizimu wapadera mkulu wa asilikali wathu, amene anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu chigamulocho bwino kulimbana likulu Austria. asilikali ankamva ngati chigonjetso, ndipo akufa wotopa. Koma kumvetsa kuti khwerero liri patsogolo - ichi ndi malangizo oyambirira kubwerera kunyumba, kwezani mzimu.

Ntchito pamaso pa

Kumasulidwa kwa Vienna zoona, kunayamba February, pamene iye anayamba mungachite kuti anamuvula Hungary ndiyeno athamangitsidwe wa Nazi ku Vienna. The dongosolo lenileni anali okonzeka March, pakati, ndi kale 26 la mwezi chomwecho pamaso (asilikali Russian ndi Romania) Union amanyansidwa grouping anali tasked ndi - kuukira ndi kutenga mzere-Zinthu ndi Pozba.

Madzulo a tsiku la ntchito wakhala anachita pang'ono chabe. asilikali athu kakusintha kwambiri zomvetsa, koma ngakhale pa Kukada moto suzimitsidwa nkhondo aukali. Tsiku lotsatira, mdani anatha adzawathamangitsa mtsinje Nitra.

mphamvu Red Army

Pang'onopang'ono kayendedwe chinakhalapo mpaka April 5 TH (mosonyeza anamasulidwa Vienna ndi asilikali a Soviet anayamba tsiku limenelo). Pa 7,00 m'mawa tsiku anayamba kuukira Bratislava. Iwo anali nawo 25 mfuti Corps wa Red Army, 27 TH alonda thanki Brigade ndi 2 thanki Regiment Romania. Atadwala wowawa wa Bratislava watengedwa ndi kutha kwa tsiku.

Mu yomweyi, asilikali Soviet-Romania anayamba kuwoloka mtsinje Morava Komabe, motsutsana ndi adani a mzinda, ntchito sizinachitike mu nthawi yomweyo. Mpaka April 8 anali nkhondo pachilumbachi kutsogolo ichi, chimene kupewedwa ndi bata kutengedwa kupita kutsidya lina. Pa April 9, akuwoloka inatha. Pa firii koloko, asilikali athu anatha tiwolokere tsidya lina. Usilikali akhala anasonkhana Tsverndorfe mtsogolo kugwirizana ndi mbali munthu wa 4-TH alonda Airborne Division.

Apa yemweyo anatitumiza 10 T-34 5 SU 76 ndi Romania SAU ndi akasinja 15.

Azikhala chitetezo likulu la Austria

mphamvu Red Army akayang'anizananso mwachilungamo mphamvu German gulu. Choncho, kumasulidwa kwa Vienna mu 1945 zingatheke pansi pa chikhalidwe kugonjetsa:

• 8 akasinja 1 magulu oyenda;
• 15 oyenda battalion kwa Volkssturm (kuyenda kuukira);
• ndodo zonse likulu la sukulu asilikali;
• apolisi, amene analenga 4 Regiment (kuposa 6000 anthu).

Komanso, musaiwale za ubwino kumbali ya Nazi kuyamika zinthu zachilengedwe. West la mzinda chidafundidwa mapiri, kum'mawa ndi mbali kumpoto ndi pafupifupi akuluakulu Danube ndi Germany kum'mwera analimbitsa antitank ngalande, zosiyanasiyana malinga, pillboxes, kunkhondo, bunkers.

Vienna n'chimene amalimbikitsa zida chobisika m'mabwinja, misewu analigawa kutali ndi okwatiranawo, ndi nyumba zakale anali ngati bastions.

kukonzekera kugwila

Mwachikulu potaya nkhaniyi ndipo podziwa kuti kumasulidwa kwa Vienna ndi asilikali a Soviet sadzakhala chophweka, F. I. Tolbuhin akufuna kutumiza zodabwitsa ndi mbali 3, motero kulenga chipwirikiti pakati pa atsogoleri a zodabwitsa. Atatu kuukira phiko anali motere:

1. 4 alonda Army pamodzi ndi 1 alonda Corps anamenyedwa pa kum'mwera chakum'mawa.
2. Mu mbali kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa kuukira kwa 6 alonda Army ndi TC 18.
3. West yekha kuthawa njira kudula mphamvu zina.

Choncho, chitetezo zachilengedwe wandzakhala imfa msampha.

Komanso Dziwani maganizo a asilikali Soviet kufunika mzinda: izo zinakonzedwa kuti Maphunzirowa angachepetsenso chisokonezo pa likulu.

Ndondomeko ndipo anavomereza yomweyo. Analanda malo ndi kukonza mzindawu zachitika ndi liwiro mphezi, ngati si kukana wamphamvu.

Choyamba theka zolawula

Tsiku 5 cha ntchito unayambitsidwa, chimene chinafika mpaka 13 April. Kumasulidwa kwa Vienna koma linatha ndi mwamsanga ndipo popanda ndalama zoopsa anthu, komanso kuyenda ndewu zimenezi sangapatsidwe dzina.

Tsiku loyamba sanapereke bwino Red Army mu kuchitapo kanthu chifukwa kukaniza oopsa ndi mphamvu German. Ngakhale yogwira amanyansidwa Soviet, Kukwezeleza anakhalabe zochepa. Anazi anazindikira zidzasowa kuthawa ndipo anamenya nkhondo otsiriza.

6 April taonera kumenyana aukali pafupi ndi mzinda, pa mzinda wake. Pa tsiku lino, Soviet Army anatha amawononga ndalama, ndi madzulo, ngakhale kufika mabusa kumadzulo ndi kum'mwera, kenako kupeza nokha mu mzinda Viennese.

Phiko linalo wachita kupatutsidwa kwa msewu pamodzi Alps ndipo wapita njira kumadzulo, kenako Danube.

Zimenezi zinachititsa chakuti anawo anali atazunguliridwa ndi mdani.

The adani a mzinda

Kumasulidwa kwa Vienna ku Nazi zipita gawo lolimbikitsa kuyambira madzulo a April 7, pamene mapiko lamanja la chitatu UV Pressbaum analanda ndipo limayenda zina mbali zitatu: kumadzulo, kum'mawa ndi kumpoto.

9. nkuyamba gawo zoipitsitsa analanda. kukana Special ku Germany ndi za mlatho Imperial, chifukwa izo kudzam'patsa bwalo wathunthu. Pamapeto pa tsiku lachisanu la opaleshoni zinali zodzaza ndi bwino wa Red Army - ndi grouping wa akagwiriridwa anali mu mphete, ngakhale mabungwe chapakati Zinali kufunabe kulimbana ndi kugonjetsa.

Pa April 11 akuyamba ulendo wa Danube Ngalande, komanso nkhondo atsopano, kumasulidwa kwa Vienna ku Nazi kokatha.

Kuthana ndi mdani zinali zosavuta, kaboma German lidagawikana m'magulu anayi, ndiyeno zopanda.

Umayamba zotsuka wa mzinda, amene akupitiriza mpaka April 13 chakudya. Ndi nambala iyi ndi chikondwerero Kumasuka Tsiku Vienna.

Poyerekezera ndi anthu ndiponso mzinda

Lamulo la Soviet Army kulemekeza kwa mbiri ndi chikhalidwe cha likulu la Austria. Chitsimikizo cha ichi - pamtima anthu a Vienna ndi pempho kuthandiza Red Army. Mfundo ya reinforcements akuika chakuti m'tauni anafunsidwa kuti basi sasiya nyumba zawo popanda kupereka Germany kupasula nyumbayi ndi kuwononga zipilala. mawu awa anatengedwa kwabasi.

Ndipotu, anali mwatsatanetsatane kusuntha, akamanena za ndilo: ngati inu mukufuna kuti akuthandizeni - kupulumutsa munthu wokondedwa kwa chinthu mtima. Pambuyo atchedwe poyamba ndale maganizo Austrians kusintha kwa bwino, ndipo kotero iwo amayamba mgwirizano yogwira.

Chigonjetso mu mzinda umenewu wakhala wophiphiritsa, chifukwa poyamba anagwidwa ndi Anazi dziko - Austria. Mu chimango cha nkhondo lonse, chochitika chimenechi chinali chiyambi cha kutha kwa Nazi Germany.

Union chigonjetso

Chinthu choyamba chimene tiyenera kudziŵa kulankhula pa zotsatira za - ndi kuwonongedwa kwa gulu lalikulu la Wehrmacht, koma ena kuposa izo, izo ziyenera kuti pokonzekera opaleshoni anamasulidwa kwathunthu Hungary, amene anathandiza kuti asilikali a 2 ndi 3 Chiyukireniya amadzibisa. Aliyense analandira Mendulo yomasulira Vienna.

Ndiye zigawo kum'mawa kwa dziko ndi likulu anali otanganidwa.

Komanso anatsegula njira Prague, amene kunapangitsa kuti mwamsanga kupita chitsogolo.

Anasunga chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale cholowa kwa mmodzi wa okongola kwambiri malikulu a Europe, komanso chiyambi cha kubwezeretsa Vienna.

anthu Austria anali kwenikweni wopemphapempha pambuyo kuba, mabomba ndi chiwonongeko, chifukwa mu 1945 yomweyi inakambidwanso Limbikirani yolimbikitsira chakudya kwa anthu.

Kuluza kwa Nazi Germany

Monga imfa kwa Berlin, ndi imfa kulamulira madera waukulu mafakitale kumadzulo kwa Ulaya - m'dera Vienna mafakitale ndipo anataya nkhondo munda mafuta Nadkanizhskoe. Popanda ozungulira mafuta yonama zomera anatsala popanda zipangizo. Choncho, German anataya zida zoyendayenda, ndi lamulo anakakamizika kuti mupewe izo kwambiri m'madera anagonjetsa, amene analola asilikali a Soviet kupita chitsogolo msanga. Kulimbikira anapereka yekha oyenda mayunitsi, amene sanathe kupereka atangokanidwa kwambiri mdani pamene pansi shelling lapansi.

Pali kuopseza mwachindunji kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa Germany, ndi chifukwa, agonje la asilikali Nazi.

Khalidwe la lamulo German anali wopanda ulemu ndi ulemerero. Anyankhondo asonyeza kuti khamu la akunjawo ndi vandals amene anawononga wokongola kwambiri ndiponso zazikulu aang'ono a mzinda ndi kuyesera kuti aphulitsa chiwerengero pazipita malo. Ndipo atatuluka mu mzindawo, iwo ncho ya mfumu Bridge.

Memory ndi chikondwerero

Kuyambira 1945 ku Vienna chaka chilichonse pa April 13 amakondwerera Tsiku yomenyera ankhondowo German. Pa umodzi mwa misewu ya Vienna anakhazikitsa Kumasuka Museum.

Ndipo pa tsiku pamene mzinda anasiya mdani, 24 salvo mfuti mazana atatu anapatsidwa mu Moscow. Patapita kanthawi, anaganiza kukhazikitsa mphoto watsopano ophunzira zonsezi - ". Yomasulira Vienna" n'kulandira mendulo

Masiku ano, kuwonjezera kwa nyumbayi, izi nkhondo aukali amatikumbutsa chipilala asilikali wagwa mu Schwarzenbergplatz lalikulu, limene linakhazikitsidwa mu 1945 chomwecho mu kuyamba kwa kubwezeretsa kwa mzinda, ndipo dziko lonse. Timadzipereka mwa mawonekedwe a likuima chimodzimodzi womenya. Mu dzanja limodzi msilikali chimagwirizanitsa mbendera, anamuyika wina chishango mu mawonekedwe a odula manja a Soviet Union. Ena tsatanetsatane wa ambuye ano utoto mtundu wachikasu.

Kukondwerera kupambana, 50 mayunitsi ankhondo amene wolemekezeka okha kumenyana Vienna, anapatsidwa dzina laulemu la "Vienna".