Scientist Abel Niels Henrik: yonena

Niels Henrik Abel - mmodzi wa masamu wamkulu wa anthu onse. Iye anabadwa mu mzinda Chinorowe la Finney mu m'busa banja. mayi ake anachokera ku banja ogulitsa. Pamene chaka Niels chimodzi, makolo ake anasamukira ku mzinda Gerrestad.

Childhood Abel

Childhood a masamu tsogolo sanali okondwa: thanzi lake linali losauka ndipo makolo amakhala ataledzera ndipo amalumbira. Mu 1815, Niels Henrik Abel analowa Cathedral ku Oslo School. Banja la masamu tsogolo anali osauka kwambiri, chotero Abele anali mu sukulu pa bolodi zonse. Choyamba, zilibe kuoneka kwa ana onse misa. Pankhaniyi, mphunzitsi masamu panthawiyo anali munthu wankhanza kwambiri mu sukulu amene anamenya kwambiri ana asukulu. Luso Abel masamu mphunzitsi Poyamba dzina la Bert Michael Holmboe.

Mphunzitsi ndi wophunzira

Bert chidwi kwambiri ndi masamu, maganizo abwino kwa ophunzira komanso amadziwa kuwalimbikitsa. Holmboe Analimbikitsa amene ntchito paokha. Ndi kumuyamikila pa nthawi yoyamba Abel kwambiri chidwi sayansi. mphunzitsi anakumbukira kuti Abele anaphunzira masamu Inde ndi makani kuti zitha kupezeka mu namatetule wa. Holmboe analimbikitsidwa kwambiri Abele kufuna kuchita, ndi kumulola kuti ntchito mabuku ku laibulale anu. Patapita kanthawi pang'ono kwambiri Abele anali kale bwino ndizosowa masamu. Pa tsogolo lawo wasayansi mwini limatanthauza "kuwameza" ntchito ya Gauss, Lacroix, Poisson ndi Lagrange.

Mwambi, chidwi masamu

The zaka ziwiri, ndi chidaliro makamaka Abel zikutengedwa kuthetsa mavuto lovuta masamu. Mmodzi wa masamu awa akhala anakopeka asayansi. Zinali wachisanu digiri aone kuti pali ndipo maikwezhoni madigiri apamwamba. Pakuti maikwezhoni yosavuta mitunduyi akhala kudziwika kwa nthawi yaitali. Rule kuthetsa maikwezhoni digiri chachinayi linatsegulidwa masamu Ferrari, lachitatu - Gerolamo Cardano.

Komabe, patsogolo, palibe munthu akanakhoza. Ngakhale zili chomwechi, asayansi ankadziwa kuti n'zotheka chachikulu kuthetsa vutolo. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti mokwanira kuti kuphatikiza wapadera zinthu ndi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, kuphunzira mmene angathetsere maikwezhoni izi. Komabe, ndime kwa zaka mazanamazana, asayansi khama kwambiri m'moyo wawo wonse kugwira ntchito imeneyi, koma anakhalabe sanathetsedwe.

Moyo pa yunivesite ndi thandizo aphunzitsi

Mu 1820, banja la Abel tsoka zimachitika: bambo ake anamwalira. amake, mlongo ndi abale asanu kukhala pafupi umphawi. Mu 1821, Niels Henrik Abel analowa yunivesite. Kumeneko, luntha lake monga momwe taonera aphunzitsi, ndipo iwo kusankha adzaphatikiza ndalama kusonkhanitsa maphunziro osauka, koma amazipanga mphatso wophunzira, kuti si kutaya mphatso yake kwa sayansi. Ngakhale mavuto ndi chikhalidwe melancholic, Abele anali nthawi zonse waubwenzi ndi uzhivchiv ndi ophunzira onse, ndi pafupifupi adani. Masamu unali wosangalatsa kwa iye kuti tikhoza pa makalasi tsiku lonse, kubweretsa okha kwa pafupi kutopa thupi.

M'nyengo yozizira 1822-1823, ndi Niels Henrik Abel analemba woyamba kwambiri ntchito sayansi. Iye anali wodzipereka kwa integrability wa maikwezhoni masiyanidwe. Monga mphoto, Mphoto State anali kupereka kwa iye.

Ngakhale mutu wa yunivesite kapena Board Norway asataye wa talente wanzeru amene anali Abel Niels Henrik. M'chaka cha 1823, Abel kwa nthawi yoyamba n'zotheka kuchita ulendo chifukwa malire Norway. Ndi ndalama, amene anatola yunivesite, Abele anapita kwa Copenhagen. Oyendayenda, masamu yodziwa maganizo ena aakulu a nthawi: Cauchy, A. Legendre ndi ena. Ndipo mu 1825 anam'tumiza Germany, kumene gawo lake pamwezi anali kupanga franc 3168.

Mu 1826, nkhani ndi Abel, amene anafotokoza njira yothetsera maikwezhoni wa digirii asanu. chochitika yomweyo mmodzi wa masamu lalikulu mu dziko. Komabe, izi ntchito ya sayansi, amene wakhala anasamutsa kubwerezanso Cauchy, anataya mapepala ake. Cauchy anakhoza kupeza ntchito Abele atafa yasayansi. Ngati iwo sanali, pa moyo wa Abele iye akhoza kupereka ndi maphunziro mphoto yaikulu. Popeza kuti zimenezi sizinachitikebe, masiku onse a moyo wake anakhala pa umphawi wadzaoneni.

ntchito zina

Mu Berlin, Abel anakumana ndi kafukufuku wina - A. Krell, amene anayamba kufalitsa magazini masamu. Pambuyo ntchito bwino Berlin Niels Henrik Abel abwelela kunyumba - kuti Christiania. Apo iye anali wayamba kuti akhale ndi chidwi mafunso a maikwezhoni algebraic. Panthawi imeneyi onse ankasindikizidwa bwanji khumi zokhudza sayansi mu masamu, analembedwa zimene ziri Abel. Mu 1826 pa msonkhano wa French Academy of Sciences Niels Henrik Abel akukamba lipoti pa ntchito transcendental mu masamu. anachitapo ndi mwadala amaona akatswiri French, izo litavomereza ake pambuyo pa imfa ya masamu.

The kuwonongeka kwa matenda ndi mavuto ena

Abel anatumiza kwa ulendo wachiwiri kwa Europe. Lakuyang'anira mzinda wa Dresden, Prague, Venice, Paris ndi ena. Koma ulendo uno sitinganene kuti alendo: pa nthawi iyi wasayansi Niels Henrik Abel ntchito mwakhama kwambiri. Atsegula 6 theorems masamu. Komabe, pa nthawiyi amamvetsa ndi zolephera: katswiri pamanja anataya, kuwachepera ndalama, kudwala. Wasayansi sanalandire malipiro zonse.

Mu 1828 iye analandira umembala wa Royal Academy of Sciences - ichi ndi kuzindikira yekha kuti makhaliro akatoma Niels Henrik Abel. Photo pa banknotes Norway mu zipembedzo za CZK 500, zomwe ankagwiritsa ntchito mpaka 2002 - amalemekeza kuti wasayansi anali kupereka atamwalira.

Mu matenda ndi mavuto wasonkhana 1828 katswiri wa masamu Niels Henrik Abel. yonena wake umatha chisoni: ankadwala, ndipo madokotala amaganiziridwa TB mu masamu. Mu December chaka chomwecho wasayansi amapita ku mzinda Florand, kumene mkazi wake ntchito. Paulendo ndi wasayansi wapha ozizira zoipa. Aakulu chibayo ndi chifuwa chachikulu achita ntchito zawo, ndi April 6, 1829, pamene wasayansi anali 26 okha, moyo wake ikayandikira.

zikayenda Abel

The njira ya maikwezhoni a mlingo wachisanu - mmodzi wa atulukira zofunika kwambiri masamu, amene anapanga Niels Henrik Abel. Zipambano za izo ndi mchiphunzitso kutsegula akonzedwa. Iye ankafufuza ntchito angapo algebraic. mzere uwu wa kufufuza zinachititsa kuti anapeza chiphunzitso cha Abele ntchito hyperelliptic. ntchito zambiri zofunika Abele Niels Henrik ikukhudzana bwanji ndi chiphunzitso ija.

Abel Prize

Popeza masamu osazindikira Nobel Prize, mu 2002 boma la Norway linakhazikitsidwa ndi mphoto wapadera kwa iwo, Abele. Popeza 2003, chaka chilichonse ndi kupereka kwa masamu kwambiri masiku ano. The ndalama yokwana zosakwana miliyoni madola US. mphoto chinalengedwa osati malipiro ofufuza yoyenera, komanso popularize masamu mwa achinyamata. Pakati laureates ake asayansi ngati Lennart Carleson, John G. Thompson, Mikhail Gromov, Jean-Per Serr. Komanso, wopambana wa Abele Prize anali Russian wasayansi Yakov Sinai. Iye analandira mphoto chifukwa chopereka chake kuphunzira kachitidwe dynamical, chiphunzitso ergodic ndi sayansi masamu.